A Contrastive Analysis Between English And Arabic Past Tense
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC
PAST TENSE
PAPER
BY
MAYA HANI ISMED
092202024
DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am, Maya Hani Ismed declare that I am the sole author of this paper.
Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains
no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a
paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in
the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award
of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed
:
Date
:
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name
: MAYA HANI ISMED
Title of paper
:A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH
AND ARABIC PAST TENSE
Qualification
: D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program
: English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the
discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program,
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara on the
understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the
Republic of Indonesia.
Signed
:
Date
:
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACK
The title of this paper is A Contrastive Analysis between English and
Arabic Past Tense. This paper discusses about the patterns, structures, similarities
and differences of past tense in English and Arabic by using contrastive analysis
method. Contrastive analysis is an activity that compares the structure of L1 with
L2 to identify the differences between two languages. These differences can be
used as the basis to forecast or predict the difficulties in learning language that
will be faced by the students in the school, especially in learning L2. Because the
biggest obstacle in the process of mastering L2 is the mixing system of the first
language to the second language. Here, the role of contrastive analysis, which
bridges the difficulty with contrasting the two language system to predict the
difficulties we might experience. From these analysis will be known the
differences and similarities of contrasted structures.
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul A Contrastive Analysis between English and
Arabic Past Tense. Kertas karya ini membahas tentang pola-pola, struktur,
persamaan serta perbedaan bentuk past tense dalam bahasa Inggris maupun
bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif. Analisis kontrastif
merupakan kegiatan yang membandingkan struktur B1 dengan struktur B2 untuk
mengidentifikasi perbedaan-perbedaan antara kedua bahasa. Perbedaan-perbedaan
tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai landasan dalam meramalkan atau memprediksi
kesulitan-kesulitan belajar berbahasa yang akan dihadapi para siswa di sekolah,
terlebih dalam belajar B2. Karena hambatan terbesar dalam proses menguasai B2
adalah tercampurnya sistem bahasa pertama dengan bahasa kedua. Disinilah peran
analisis kontrastif, yaitu menjembatani kesulitan tersebut dengan mengkontraskan
kedua sistem bahasa tersebut untuk meramalkan kesulitan-kesulitan yang
mungkin akan kita alami. Dari hasil analisis itu akan diketahui perbedaanperbedaan dan persamaan-persamaan struktur yang dikontraskan.
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismilahirrahmanirrahim.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah
SWT and prophet Muhammad SAW for blessing and giving me health, strength
and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get the Diploma
III certificate from English department Faculty of Culture Studies, University of
Sumatera Utara.
Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love and appreciation to:
My Parents Mr. Drs. Zaini Ismail and Mrs. Dra. Sofiah Nasution, Thank
you for all your motivation, advice, prays, love, and finance for me. I love you
so much. I present this paper for you.
Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the dean of Faculty of Culture Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara.
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the head of English Diploma Study
Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as my supervisor. Thank you for the valuable
time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.
All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and
much knowledge.
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ismed’s Family: M. Milza Tamimi Al-Hakim, Jefri Sany Ismed and
Arrizka Zuyyina Ismed, Thanks a million for the prayer till I can finish this
paper completely. Without you all, I am nothing.
My entire friends in Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI), Faculty of
Culture Studies (FIB), Student of English diploma association (
SOLIDAS ), and others organization. I will never forget your kindness to
me.
My sisters and brothers : Indah, Ika, Fitri, Firly, Liska, Ofii, Tari, Hasan,
Dody, Putra, Ryan, Budi and Annur.
My best friends: Melisa, Putri, Nurul, Nana, Ana, Ara, Iyin, Citra, Dillah,
Oki, Unge’, and other friends that cannot be mentioned one by one. Thank
you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be missing the days that
we spent together.
My lovely Surya Dharma for his supports, attention, patient, advice, prays,
love, and give me motivation to finish this paper.
Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I
really welcome any constructive critics and suggestions toward this paper. I hope
this paper will be a worthwhile for the reader.
Medan,
June 2012
The Writer,
Maya Hani Ismed
Reg.No.092202024
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
…………………………………………
i
……………………………………
ii
…………………………………………………………
iii
……………………………………………………………….
iv
…………………….…………………….
v
………………………..…………………….
vii
…………………….….………………………
1
1.1 Background of the Study
……….……….……….………….
1
1.2 The Problem of the Study
……….……….……….…………..
3
1.3 The Scope of the Study
……….……….……….……….…….
3
1.4 The Purpose of the Study
……….……….……….…………….
4
……….……….……….……….
4
1.6 The method of the Research ……….……….……….………….
4
……….……….……….……….
4
……….…………….
5
……….……….……….……………..
5
……….……….……….……….………….
7
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWNLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.5 The Significance of the Study
1.7 Review of Related Literature
2.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Past Tense
2.2 Form of Past Tense
2.3 Definition of Fiil ( (الفعـل
……….……….……….……….……
12
2.4 Definition of Fiil Madhi ……….……….……….……….………
13
……….……….……….……….…………
13
……….……….……….…………….
17
3.1 Contrastive Analysis ……….……….……….……….…………
17
3.2 Conjugation ……….……….……….……….……….………….
18
……….……….……….……….………………….
20
……….……….……….……………..
22
2.5 Form of Fiil Madhi
3.
PAST TENSE ANALYSIS
3.3 Morphology
3.4 Forming the Past Tenses
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4.
……….……….……….
28
4.1 Conclusion
……….……….……….……….……….………….
28
4.2 Suggestion
……….……….……….……….……….…………..
30
……….……….……….……….……….……….……….
31
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
REFERENCES
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PAST TENSE
PAPER
BY
MAYA HANI ISMED
092202024
DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am, Maya Hani Ismed declare that I am the sole author of this paper.
Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains
no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a
paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in
the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award
of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed
:
Date
:
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name
: MAYA HANI ISMED
Title of paper
:A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH
AND ARABIC PAST TENSE
Qualification
: D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program
: English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the
discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program,
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara on the
understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the
Republic of Indonesia.
Signed
:
Date
:
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACK
The title of this paper is A Contrastive Analysis between English and
Arabic Past Tense. This paper discusses about the patterns, structures, similarities
and differences of past tense in English and Arabic by using contrastive analysis
method. Contrastive analysis is an activity that compares the structure of L1 with
L2 to identify the differences between two languages. These differences can be
used as the basis to forecast or predict the difficulties in learning language that
will be faced by the students in the school, especially in learning L2. Because the
biggest obstacle in the process of mastering L2 is the mixing system of the first
language to the second language. Here, the role of contrastive analysis, which
bridges the difficulty with contrasting the two language system to predict the
difficulties we might experience. From these analysis will be known the
differences and similarities of contrasted structures.
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul A Contrastive Analysis between English and
Arabic Past Tense. Kertas karya ini membahas tentang pola-pola, struktur,
persamaan serta perbedaan bentuk past tense dalam bahasa Inggris maupun
bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif. Analisis kontrastif
merupakan kegiatan yang membandingkan struktur B1 dengan struktur B2 untuk
mengidentifikasi perbedaan-perbedaan antara kedua bahasa. Perbedaan-perbedaan
tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai landasan dalam meramalkan atau memprediksi
kesulitan-kesulitan belajar berbahasa yang akan dihadapi para siswa di sekolah,
terlebih dalam belajar B2. Karena hambatan terbesar dalam proses menguasai B2
adalah tercampurnya sistem bahasa pertama dengan bahasa kedua. Disinilah peran
analisis kontrastif, yaitu menjembatani kesulitan tersebut dengan mengkontraskan
kedua sistem bahasa tersebut untuk meramalkan kesulitan-kesulitan yang
mungkin akan kita alami. Dari hasil analisis itu akan diketahui perbedaanperbedaan dan persamaan-persamaan struktur yang dikontraskan.
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismilahirrahmanirrahim.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah
SWT and prophet Muhammad SAW for blessing and giving me health, strength
and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get the Diploma
III certificate from English department Faculty of Culture Studies, University of
Sumatera Utara.
Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love and appreciation to:
My Parents Mr. Drs. Zaini Ismail and Mrs. Dra. Sofiah Nasution, Thank
you for all your motivation, advice, prays, love, and finance for me. I love you
so much. I present this paper for you.
Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the dean of Faculty of Culture Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara.
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the head of English Diploma Study
Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as my supervisor. Thank you for the valuable
time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.
All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and
much knowledge.
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ismed’s Family: M. Milza Tamimi Al-Hakim, Jefri Sany Ismed and
Arrizka Zuyyina Ismed, Thanks a million for the prayer till I can finish this
paper completely. Without you all, I am nothing.
My entire friends in Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI), Faculty of
Culture Studies (FIB), Student of English diploma association (
SOLIDAS ), and others organization. I will never forget your kindness to
me.
My sisters and brothers : Indah, Ika, Fitri, Firly, Liska, Ofii, Tari, Hasan,
Dody, Putra, Ryan, Budi and Annur.
My best friends: Melisa, Putri, Nurul, Nana, Ana, Ara, Iyin, Citra, Dillah,
Oki, Unge’, and other friends that cannot be mentioned one by one. Thank
you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be missing the days that
we spent together.
My lovely Surya Dharma for his supports, attention, patient, advice, prays,
love, and give me motivation to finish this paper.
Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I
really welcome any constructive critics and suggestions toward this paper. I hope
this paper will be a worthwhile for the reader.
Medan,
June 2012
The Writer,
Maya Hani Ismed
Reg.No.092202024
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
…………………………………………
i
……………………………………
ii
…………………………………………………………
iii
……………………………………………………………….
iv
…………………….…………………….
v
………………………..…………………….
vii
…………………….….………………………
1
1.1 Background of the Study
……….……….……….………….
1
1.2 The Problem of the Study
……….……….……….…………..
3
1.3 The Scope of the Study
……….……….……….……….…….
3
1.4 The Purpose of the Study
……….……….……….…………….
4
……….……….……….……….
4
1.6 The method of the Research ……….……….……….………….
4
……….……….……….……….
4
……….…………….
5
……….……….……….……………..
5
……….……….……….……….………….
7
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWNLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.5 The Significance of the Study
1.7 Review of Related Literature
2.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Past Tense
2.2 Form of Past Tense
2.3 Definition of Fiil ( (الفعـل
……….……….……….……….……
12
2.4 Definition of Fiil Madhi ……….……….……….……….………
13
……….……….……….……….…………
13
……….……….……….…………….
17
3.1 Contrastive Analysis ……….……….……….……….…………
17
3.2 Conjugation ……….……….……….……….……….………….
18
……….……….……….……….………………….
20
……….……….……….……………..
22
2.5 Form of Fiil Madhi
3.
PAST TENSE ANALYSIS
3.3 Morphology
3.4 Forming the Past Tenses
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4.
……….……….……….
28
4.1 Conclusion
……….……….……….……….……….………….
28
4.2 Suggestion
……….……….……….……….……….…………..
30
……….……….……….……….……….……….……….
31
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
REFERENCES
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara