ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN E-PROCUREMENT PADA LEMBAGA XYZ - Binus e-Thesis

  Jurusan Sistem Informasi Skripsi Sarjana Komputer

  Semester Ganjil tahun 2006 / 2007

  

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN E-PROCUREMENT

PADA LEMBAGA XYZ

  Melina Agnes 0700717535

Abstrak

  Setiap perusahaan tentu memiliki kebutuhan akan suatu barang atau alat tertentu agar operasinya dapat berjalan dengan baik. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, diperlukan bagian yang disebut Procurement. Lembaga XYZ adalah sebuah lembaga pendidikan yang cukup terkemuka di Indonesia. Seperti halnya perusahaan atau lembaga lain, lembaga XYZ juga memerlukan procurement untuk mengelola dan menyediakan berbagai macam barang peralatan dan barang perlengkapan yang harus tersedia tepat waktu guna mendukung kegiatan belajar mengajar dan kegiatan administratif di dalamnya. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan dan mengefektifkan kinerja bagian procurement dan merancang sistem e-

  

procurement yang berbasiskan teknologi internet yang diharapkan dapat membantu

  meningkatkan efisiensi pengadaan barang dari segi biaya maupun waktu pada lembaga ini.

  Metodologi analisa yang digunakan adalah metode analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi berorientasi objek dengan bahasa perancangan UML (Unified Modeling

  Language) , metode wawancara, studi lapangan dan studi pustaka.

  Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah situs web online yang diharapkan dapat membantu mempermudah proses pemesanan barang ke supplier. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu sistem e-procurement ini dapat meningkatkan kinerja pihak procurement, menghemat biaya serta memperlancar hubungan antara pihak procurement serta supplier sehingga dapat mempersingkat waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan proses pengadaan logistik pada lembaga XYZ.

  Kata kunci

  Analisis, perancangan, procurement, e-procurement

  

PRAKATA

  Puji syukur dan terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan rahmat yang telah diberikan-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi yang berjudul “Analisis dan Perancangan E-Procurement pada

  

Lembaga XYZ ” dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Adapun skripsi ini disusun sebagai salah

  satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh setiap mahasiswa untuk dapat menyelesaikan studi jenjang studi Strata-1 jurusan Sistem Informasi di Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  Dalam kesempatan ini, penulis juga ingin mengucapkan rasa hormat dan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait karena telah memberikan bantuan, bimbingan serta kesempatan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini, antara lain : 1.

  Bapak Johan, S.Kom, MM., selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu, tenaga, dan pikiran untuk memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan yang sangat berharga bagi penulis selama penulisan skripsi ini.

  2. Seluruh pimpinan, staf dan karyawan lembaga XYZ, khususnya kepada Bapak Ekko Wardono selaku Procurement Manager, Bapak Indra Gunawan selaku staf

  Procurement Support , Bapak Ari Wangsadirdja selaku IT Finance Manager,

  Bapak Iwan Firdaus selaku staf IT Finance yang telah meluangkan waktu dan bersedia memberikan data serta informasi yang berguna sebagai bahan pembuatan skripsi ini.

  3. Bapak Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M. App. SCi, selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk menyusun skrispsi ini.

  4. Bapak Siswono, S. Kom, MM., selaku Ketua Jurusan Sistem Informasi Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  5. Seluruh dosen dan staf pengajar Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberi bekal ilmu pengetahuan yang amat berguna bagi penulis selama belajar di Bina Nusantara.

  6. Orang tua, saudara-saudari, teman-teman dan pihak-pihak lain yang belum disebutkan, yang telah memberikan semangat dan dukungan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini tepat pada waktunya.

  7. Dan akhirnya kepada semua pihak yang baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung membantu dalam penulisan skripsi ini.

  Akhir kata semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi penulis dan pembaca.

  Jakarta, Januari 2007 Penulis

  DAFTAR ISI

  Halaman Judul Luar Halaman Judul Dalam Halaman Persetujuan Hardcover........................................................................................iii Abstrak............................................................................................................................... iv PRAKATA.......................................................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................ xv

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................... 1

  1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................... 1

  1.2 Ruang Lingkup.................................................................................................... 3

  1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat ............................................................................................ 4

  1.4 Metodologi Perancangan dan Analisis................................................................ 5

  1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ......................................................................................... 6

  BAB II LANDASAN TEORI............................................................................................. 8

  2.1 Teori Umum........................................................................................................ 8

  2.1.1 Sistem.......................................................................................................... 8

  2.1.2 Informasi ..................................................................................................... 8

  2.1.3 Sistem Informasi ......................................................................................... 9

  2.1.4 Sistem Informasi Distribusi ........................................................................ 9

  2.1.5 Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi............................................. 10

  2.1.5.1 Analisis Problem Domain ..................................................................... 10

  2.1.5.1.1 Classes............................................................................................. 10

  2.1.5.1.2 Struktur ........................................................................................... 12 2.1.5.1.2.1 Struktur antar class................................................................... 12 2.1.5.1.2.2 Struktur antar objek.................................................................. 13

  2.1.5.1.3 Behaviour........................................................................................ 15

  2.1.5.2 Analisis Application Domain................................................................ 15

  2.1.5.2.1 Usage............................................................................................... 16

  2.1.5.2.2 Function .......................................................................................... 17

  2.1.5.2.3 User Interface.................................................................................. 18

  2.1.5.2.4 Architectural Design ....................................................................... 19

  2.1.5.2.5 Criteria ............................................................................................ 19

  2.1.5.2.6 Components .................................................................................... 20

  2.1.5.2.7 Processes ......................................................................................... 21

  2.2 Teori Khusus..................................................................................................... 22

  2.2.1 Internet ...................................................................................................... 22

  2.2.1.1 Pengertian Internet ................................................................................ 22

  2.2.1.2 Sejarah Internet ..................................................................................... 22

  2.2.1.3 Teknologi Internet................................................................................. 23

  2.2.1.3.1 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) ........... 23

  2.2.1.3.2 WWW (World Wide Web) .............................................................. 24

  2.2.1.3.3 HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer Protocol ) ............................................ 25

  2.2.1.3.4 FTP (File Transfer Protocol).......................................................... 26

  2.2.1.3.5 URL (Uniform Resource Locator).................................................. 27

  2.2.1.3.6 Web Server...................................................................................... 27

  2.2.1.3.7 Web Browser .................................................................................. 27

  2.2.1.3.8 Website ........................................................................................... 28

  2.2.1.3.9 Web Pages....................................................................................... 28 2.2.1.3.9.1 Static Pages .............................................................................. 28 2.2.1.3.9.2 Dynamic Pages......................................................................... 28

  2.2.1.3.9.2.1 Client-Side Scripting....................................................... 29 2.2.1.3.9.2.2 Server-Side Scripting...................................................... 30

  2.2.1.3.10 Email (Electronic Mail) ................................................................ 31

  2.2.2 Electronic Business (E-Business) ............................................................. 32

  2.2.2.1 Pengertian Electronic Business (E-Business) ....................................... 32

  2.2.2.2 Keuntungan Menggunakan Electronic Business (E-Business)............. 32

  2.2.3 Procurement .............................................................................................. 33

  2.2.3.1 Pengertian Procurement ........................................................................ 33

  2.2.4 E-Procurement .......................................................................................... 33

  2.2.4.1 Pengertian E-Procurement .................................................................... 33

  2.2.4.2 Keuntungan Menggunakan E-Procurement .......................................... 34

  2.2.4.3 Kunci Kesuksesan Menggunakan E-Procurement................................ 35

  2.2.4.4 Infrastruktur E-Procurement ................................................................. 35

  2.2.5 Konsep Perancangan Situs Web yang Baik .............................................. 36

  2.2.5.1 Prinsip Delapan Aturan Emas Perancangan UI .................................... 36

  2.2.5.2 Desain web yang baik ........................................................................... 37

  2.2.6 Database.................................................................................................... 37

  2.2.6.1 Pengertian Database.............................................................................. 37

  2.2.6.2 Istilah-istilah Penting Dalam Database................................................. 38

  2.2.6.3 SQL (Structured Query Language) ...................................................... 38

  2.2.6.4 SQL Server............................................................................................ 39

  2.2.6.5 Stored Procedure................................................................................... 40

  2.2.7 Teknologi .................................................................................................. 40

  2.2.7.1 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) ................................................ 40

  2.2.7.2 Javascript............................................................................................... 41

  2.2.7.3 VBscript ................................................................................................ 42

  2.2.7.4 CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) ................................................................ 42

  2.2.7.5 IIS (Internet Information Services)....................................................... 43

  2.2.7.6 Visual Studio .NET............................................................................... 43

  2.2.7.7 ASP .NET ............................................................................................. 43

  2.2.7.8 VB .NET ............................................................................................... 46

  2.2.8 Lain-lain.................................................................................................... 46

  2.2.8.1 Logistik ................................................................................................. 46

  2.2.8.2 Konsep Inventori................................................................................... 47

  2.2.8.2.1 Pengertian Inventori........................................................................ 47

  2.2.8.2.2 Jenis Sistem Inventori ..................................................................... 48 2.2.8.2.2.1 Periodic Inventory System....................................................... 48 2.2.8.2.2.2 Q/R Inventory System (Order Quantity / Reorder Point) ........ 48

  2.2.8.3 Pembelian.............................................................................................. 49

  2.2.8.3.1 Pembelian Rutin.............................................................................. 49

  2.2.8.3.2 Pembelian dengan Tender / Lelang................................................. 49

  2.2.8.4 Dokumen dalam Proses Procurement ................................................... 51

  2.2.8.4.1 Purchase Requisition (PR) .............................................................. 51

  2.2.8.4.2 Request for Quotation (RFQ) dan Request for Proposal (RFP) ..... 51

  2.2.8.4.3 Quotation......................................................................................... 52

  2.2.8.4.4 Purchase Order (PO) ....................................................................... 52

  2.2.8.4.5 Material Received Form (MRF) ..................................................... 52

  2.2.8.4.6 Purchase Return .............................................................................. 53

  BAB III ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI.................................................................... 54

  3.1 The Task............................................................................................................ 54

  3.1.1 Gambaran Perusahaan............................................................................... 54

  3.1.2 Visi dan Misi Perusahaan.......................................................................... 56

  3.1.2.1 Visi Perusahaan..................................................................................... 56

  3.1.2.2 Misi Perusahaan .................................................................................... 56

  3.1.3 Struktur Organisasi ................................................................................... 57

  3.1.4 Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab.............................................................. 58

  3.1.4.1 Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab Procurement Support ...................... 58

  3.1.4.2 Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab Purchasing....................................... 59

  3.1.4.3 Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab Warehouse....................................... 61

  3.1.5 Sistem Berjalan ......................................................................................... 63

  3.1.5.1 Rich Picture........................................................................................... 63

  3.1.5.2 Narasi .................................................................................................... 63

  3.1.5.3 Identifikasi Masalah.............................................................................. 67

  3.1.5.4 Solusi Permasalahan ............................................................................. 68

  3.1.6 System Definition ..................................................................................... 69

  3.2 Problem Domain ............................................................................................... 74

  3.2.1 Cluster ....................................................................................................... 74

  3.2.2 Structure.................................................................................................... 74

  3.2.2.1 Classes................................................................................................... 75

  3.2.2.2 Behavioral Pattern................................................................................. 78

  3.2.3 Events........................................................................................................ 88

  3.2.3.1 Event Table ........................................................................................... 88

  3.3 Application Domain.......................................................................................... 90

  3.3.1 Usage......................................................................................................... 90

  3.3.2 Use Case Specification ............................................................................. 91

  3.3.2.1 Function List ......................................................................................... 95

  3.3.3 Sequence Diagram .................................................................................. 100

  3.3.4 The Technical Platform........................................................................... 113

  3.4 Recommendations........................................................................................... 113

  3.4.1 The System’s Usefulness and Feasibility ............................................... 113

  3.4.2 Strategy ................................................................................................... 114

  3.4.3 Development Economy........................................................................... 114

  BAB IV RANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI .......................................................... 115

  4.1 The Task.......................................................................................................... 115

  4.1.1 Purpose.................................................................................................... 115

  4.1.2 Correction to the Analysis ...................................................................... 115

  4.1.3 Quality Goals .......................................................................................... 116

  4.2 Technical Platform.......................................................................................... 116

  4.2.1 Equipment ............................................................................................... 116

  4.2.2 System Software ..................................................................................... 117

  4.2.3 Design Language .................................................................................... 117

  4.3 Architecture..................................................................................................... 117

  4.3.1 Component Architecture......................................................................... 117

  4.3.2 Process Architecture ............................................................................... 118

  4.4 Component...................................................................................................... 120

  4.4.1 Structure.................................................................................................. 120

  4.4.2 Classes..................................................................................................... 121

  4.5 Recommendation ............................................................................................ 126

  4.5.1 The System’s Usefulness ........................................................................ 126

  4.5.2 Plan for Initiating Use............................................................................. 126

  4.5.3 Implementation Plan ............................................................................... 127

  4.6 Rancangan Layar ............................................................................................ 128

  BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN............................................................................... 152

  5.1 Simpulan ......................................................................................................... 152

  5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................... 153 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................... 155 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ....................................................................................... 159 FOTOCOPY SURAT SURVEI

  

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Kriteria untuk kualitas software........................................................................ 19Tabel 3.1 Event Table ....................................................................................................... 88Tabel 3.2 Function List ..................................................................................................... 95Tabel 4.1 Quality Goals .................................................................................................. 116Tabel 4.2 Jadwal Implementasi Sistem........................................................................... 127

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR