ANALYSIS OF THE TENSES AND ABSTRACT STRUCTURES IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ARTICLES A THESIS

  

ANALYSIS OF THE TENSES AND ABSTRACT STRUCTURES IN

  

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ARTICLES

A THESIS

By:

DANNA PRATIWI

  

St. N: 121112133

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA

  

2015

ADLN - Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga ii ANALYSIS OF THE TENSES AND ABSTRACT STRUCTURES OF

  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ARTICLES A THESIS

  Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Humanities Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya

  By: Danna Pratiwi

  St. N: 121112133 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA

  2015

  

ADLN - Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

SKRIPSI ANALYSIS OF THE TENSES... DANNA PRATIWI

  

ADLN - Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

Declaration

  This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. And to the best of this candidate‘s knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by other persons except where due reference is made in the text of thesis.

  th

  Surabaya, June 17 2015 Writer, Danna Pratiwi 121112133

  

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I dedicated this Thesis to my dearest family, Specially for parents

  Mama & Papa Do the best and God will take care of the rest

  

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ADLN - Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  First of all, I would like to express my huge gratitude towards Allah SWT, the one who gives me mercy and guidance as well as strength and pertinacity to help me accomplish my tasks in life, including finishing this thesis. This thesis will never be accomplished without the help of my thesis advisor, Viqi Ardaniah, M. A. Linguistics Thank you so much for your precious guidance, advices and motivation. With your endless critics, suggestion and motivation, I was able to finish my thesis. I would also like to express my gratitude towards all the lecturers who have shared their precious knowledge when I was studying in English

Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga. Especially for my academic advisor, Arum Budiastuti, S.S., M.S.C thank you ma‘am, for your

  guidance and helpful references these past years.

  I would also love to express my deep gratitude towards my mother, Sakiyati, who always gives me big support. Mama, thanks for always giving me time in finishing my thesis firstly and breaking off my daily routine in handle your company, without your permission I cannot finishes this thesis on time. My gratitude is also directed to my father, Agus Suparno, the one who always gives me motivation in my life and guides me till now I can get a higher education, on undergraduate level, Papa. For my family, younger brother, Andre Wichaksono, thank you, for asking me to finish this study on time. To my sister, Rosalia Indah Pratiwi, thank you for taking my position to help our mother when I create my thesis. I am so glad to have you both.

  

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F or my big family in English Department Students‘s Association (EDSA)

  in Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga, especially 2011, I really appreciate the good and the bad times we had shared together for past years.

  Thanks also to my friends Widya Rahayu, Debby Febrian.I, Della Anggar, Dhahayu Nabila.A, Shabrina Nurin.A, Riska along with my vacation's gengs Luki Ashrofy, Galang hari.P, Oky Urtya, Ikhlasul Amal, Reza Aphe and Hanggono Wibi. Thank you for the amazing vacations memory that I never had before, our friendship will be unforgettable story. Last but not least, I would thank my best friends, Lucy Meirawati, Satya Swesty.W, and Sony Adi.P. Thank you so much for our togetherness, your support, suggestion, and spirit during the hard times I had in my life until now I can finish my study. I have learned from your experience to have a better understanding about the meaning of real life.

  The Writer

  

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Table of Contents

  Inside cover page...................................................................................................... i Inside title page ....................................................................................................... ii Declaration page..................................................................................................... iii Dedication page ..................................................................................................... iv Thesis advisor‘s approval page ................................................................................ v

Thesis examiner‘s approval page ........................................................................... vi

  Acknowledgement................................................................................................. vii Table of contents ................................................................................................... ix List of Appendixes ................................................................................................ xi Abstract ................................................................................................................ xii

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1

  1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................ 1

  1.2 Statement of the Problems ............................................................................. 6

  1.3 Objective of the study ..................................................................................... 7

  1.4 Significance of the Study ................................................................................ 7

  1.5 Scope and Limitation ..................................................................................... 8

  1.6 Terms written down in the table ..................................................................... 8

  CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................... 10

  2.1 Related Theories............................................................................................... 10

  2.1.1 Academic writing .............................................................................. 10

  2.1.2 Research Paper of journal ................................................................. 13

  2.1.3 Sentence ............................................................................................ 15

  2.1.4 Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ....................................... 17

  2.1.5 Flesch-Kincaid Grade level .............................................................. 18

  2.2 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................... 19

  2.2.1 Abstract structure .............................................................................. 19

  2.2.1.1. Overview of the study ...................................................... 20

  2.2.1.2. Aim of the study ................................................................ 21

  2.2.1.3. Reason for the study ......................................................... 21

  2.2.1.4. Methodology used in the study ......................................... 21

  2.2.1.5. Finding of the study .......................................................... 22

  2.2.2 Tenses ............................................................................................... 22

  2.2.2.1. Simple Present tense ......................................................... 23

  4.1.1 Simple present tense .......................................................................... 33

  5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................ 63 References .............................................................................................................. 65 Appendixs .............................................................................................................. 67

  5.1 Conclusion............................................................................................ 62

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................................................. 62

  4.3 Interpretation of findings.................................................................................. 56

  4.2 Abstract structures of Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ................... 40 4.2.1 (OR)................................................................................................... 41 4.2.2 (OA) .................................................................................................. 43 4.2.3 (OAR) ................................................................................................ 44 4.2.4 (OARMF) .......................................................................................... 45 4.2.5 (ORMF) ............................................................................................. 47 4.2.6 (OAM) ............................................................................................... 48 4.2.7 (ORF) ............................................................................................... 49 4.2.8 (OARM) ............................................................................................ 50 4.2.9 (OARF) ............................................................................................. 51 4.2.10 (OAF) .............................................................................................. 53 4.2.11 (OAMF)........................................................................................... 54 4.2.12 (OMF) ............................................................................................. 55

  4.1.3 Present perfect tense .......................................................................... 38

  4.1.2 Simple past tense ............................................................................... 36

  4.1 Types of tenses used in abstract of Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ................................................................................................................................ 32

  2.2.2.2. Simple past tense ............................................................... 24

  CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS ........................................................................... 32

  3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ............................................................................. 30

  3.3 Technique of data collection ........................................................................... 29

  3.2 Source of data ................................................................................................... 28

  3.1 Research Approach ......................................................................................... 27

  CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY ................................................................................ 27

  2.3 Related studies ................................................................................................. 26

  2.2.2.3. Present perfect tense .......................................................... 25

  

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  Appendix 1: The sample of the tenses use in abstract of Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ........................................................................................................ 67 Appendix 2: The sample of the abstract structure of Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ........................................................................................................ 84

  

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ABSTRACT

  Pratiwi, Danna. Analysis of the tenses and abstract structures in the International

  Journal Artiles. A thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Sarjana Degree of the English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 2015.

  The present study concerns of the tenses and abstract structure which are found in Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal. A good abstract should have tight tenses and structures which are consist of the overview of the study (O), the aim of the study (A), the reason of the study (R), the methodology used in the study (M), and the finding of the study (F). Those are used to attract the reader read the whole articles. This study aims to know what tenses are mostly found in the abstract and what the abstract structures are used by the article‘s writer in the International journal. The theory of Paltridge & Starfield (2007) and Wallwork (2011) is used to identify the tenses and the abstract structure. Thirty abstracts were chosen as the data. Four of 30 articles have (OARMF) while other have variant cases abstract structures, such as (OR), (OA), (OAR), (ORMF), (OAM), (ORF), (OARM), (OARF), (OAF), (OAMF), (OMF). From those all cases should contain the overview of the study. In addition, the tense that is mostly used in the abstract generally are simple present, simple past, and present perfect. This study found that the article‘s writer tends to use simple present tense. There are found 336 from 386 occurrences of simple present tense.

  Keyword: Abstracts; Abstract structure; International journal articles; Tenses;