AN ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES IN THE RAP SONGS “NO LOVE” AND “TALKIN TO MYSELF” BY EMINEM

AN ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES IN THE RAP SONGS “NO LOVE” AND “TALKIN TO MYSELF” BY EMINEM

THESIS

By:

TRI YULI ARDIYANSAH NIM: 09360016

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AN ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES IN THE RAP SONGS “NO LOVE” AND “TALKIN TO MYSELF” BY EMINEM

THESIS

This Thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

TRI YULI ARDIYANSAH NIM. 09360016

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This thesis written by Tri Yuli Ardiyansah was approved on August 1, 2013.

By:

Advisor II, Advisor I,

This Thesis was defended in front of the Examiners of the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the Requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

on August 1, 2013

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Drs. M. Syaifuddin, M.M.

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Drs. Jarum, M.Ed 1……… 2. Drs. Marzuki, M.Pd 2……… 3. Riza Elfana, M.A 3………

MOTTO

if you do good, people will accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives.

Do good anyway

(Kent Keith)

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to My beloved family.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, all praises are due to Allah SWT, who gives His blessing,

guidance and merciful in my life, then finally I could finish this thesis.

Furthermore, I would like to express my deepest thank to Riza Elfana, M.A

and Drs. Imam Mahfud for their advice, correction, motivation and ideas in guiding

my thesis until finished. My gratitude also goes to all lectures of English Department

in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for knowledge that may worthwhile.

Indeed, I would like to thank to my beloved Mother (Ibu Tutik Husiansih),

Father (Bapak Tirto Nadi), Sisters (Mbak Susana Puji Astuti and Indri Wahyuni

Astuti), brothers (Mas Akhmad Fauzi and Samsul Arifin), nephew and niece (Adek

Amanda, Zizi, and Valen) who always give me support and prayers so that this thesis

could be completed. For the one who always give spirit to finish my thesis “My 09360270, Ncy” thanks for your Love.

To all my close friends at English Department (Aji, Pram, Tomat, Iman,

Johan, Hardi, Lingga, Irma, Inof, Dian, Raisa, and Febri) thanks for your togetherness

and kindness, help and support. And for all my friends who cannot be mentioned one

by one, thank you very much.

Malang, August 1, 2013 The Writer,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

APPROVAL ... i

LEGALIZATION ... ii

MOTTO ... iii

DEDICATION ... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iv

ABSTRACT ... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ... vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 3

1.4 Significant of the Study ... 3

1.5 Scope and Limitation ….. ... 4

1.6 Definitions of the Key Terms ... 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Syntactic Structures ………. 5

2.2Kinds of Syntactic Structures ... 6

2.2.1 Structure of Modification ... 6

2.2.1.1 Modifier ... 6

2.2.1.2 Head ... 9

2.2.2 Structure of Predication ... 10

2.2.2.1 Predicate ... 10

2.2.2.2 Subject ... 12

2.2.3 Structure of Complementation ... 13

2.2.3.1 Verbal Element ... 13

2.2.4 Structure of Coordination ... 17

2.2.4.1 Elliptical ... 18

2.2.4.2 Split Structure ... 18

2.2.4.3 Correlatives ... 18

2.2.4.4 Coordination of Words or Clauses ... 19

2.3Song... 19

2.4 Rap Songs... 21

2.5 Review of Related Study ... 23

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1Research Design ... 24

3.2Research Instrument ... 25

3.3Research Object ... 26

3.4Data Collection... 26

3.5 Data Analysis ... 26

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ... 28

4.1.1 The kinds of syntactic structures in the rap songs “No Love” and “Talkin to Myself” by Eminem ... 28

4.1.1.1 Song 1 ... 29

4.1.1.1.1 Structure of Modification ... 29

4.1.1.1.2 Structure of Predication ... 31

4.1.1.1.3 Structure of Complementation ... 34

4.1.1.1.4 Structure of Coordination ... 36

4.1.1.2 Song 2... 38

4.1.1.2.1 Structure of Modification ... 38

4.1.1.2.2 Structure of Predication ... 41

4.1.1.2.3 Structure of Complementation ... 43

4.1.2 The most predominant syntactic structure in the rap songs “No

Love” and “Talkin to Myself” by Eminem ... 47 4.2 Discussions ... 48 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions ... 50 5.2 Suggestions ... 51 REFERENCES ... 52 APPENDIXES

Appendix I ... 53 Appendix II ... 59 Appendix III ... 64

REFERENCES

Francis, W. Nelson. 1958. The Structure of American English. USA: The Ronald Press Company. S.

Rogers, William E. 2000. A Simplified Structural Syntax. http://eweb.furman.edu/~wrogers/syntax/index.htm. Downloaded on 4th January, 2013.

Ary, Donald. Jacobs, Lucy Cheser, etc. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education 8th Edition. USA: Nelson Education, Ltd.

Wilkinson, David. Birmingham, Peter. 2003. Using Research Instruments: A guide for researchers. New York: Routledge Falmer.

Woods, Peter. Pratt, Nick. 2006. Qualitative Research. http://www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/qualitative%20methods%202/qualr shm.htm. Downloaded on 13th January, 2013.

Rampur, Stephen. 2011. Definition and Types of song. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-songs.html. Downloaded on 4th January, 2013

Nair, Tulika. 2011. Rap Music Characteristics. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/rap-music-characteristics.html.

Downloaded on 5th January, 2013

DeLine, Chris. 2010. Eminem “Recovery” Review.

http://www.culturebully.com/eminem-recovery-album-review. Downloaded on 27th December, 2012

Wismandira, Pungki Zeinuar. 2001. Syntactic Structures in the Six Rap Songs of "Rage Againts the Machine". Thesis. Petra Christian University. Surabaya.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

Every human being speaks everyday by using language. They use

language to produce phrase or sentence then use it to tell each other in order to

know what they speak about. In a phrase or sentence, there are words that combine

one word to another to make large structures (sentence or phrase) that convey

more meaning of the words themselves. Francis (1958), states that the

combination of one or more than two words will produce various structural

meaning. Phrase or sentence is simply combinations of syntactic structures. No

matter how complicated the structure, it can be analyzed in syntactic structures. In

order to analyze the structural meaning, Francis uses syntactic structure analysis.

There are four kinds of syntactic structures. Those are: structure of modification,

structure of predication, structure of complementation and structure of

coordination.

In a language, words are the most important element. In combining words

to make a phrase or sentence, people usually make it grammatically. However, it

is often found that phrase or sentence is not usually grammatical. Usually, it is

found in song because the lyric of song is often in the form of a poem which is

usually influenced by the creator’s emotion. Therefore, grammar is often disregarded when someone is getting strong emotions in creating a song.

2

A song also means a piece of music which usually contains a verbal text

that is expressed by voice. There are many types of songs such as classical, pop,

rock, metal, country, hip hop, rap, ballad, dance, love, and gospel songs.

In this century, rap songs have become popular in countries across the

world. www.plasticlittleraps.com, notes that Rap songs are widely popular

because rap songs create rhyming by considering most sophisticated styles of

poetry. However, these rhymes often address provocative subjects such as sex,

violence and socio-political issues. Those make a lot of people like rap songs

because those songs can express their emotion. According to Chris DeLine (A

blogger from Nashville, TN), one of the best famous rapper in the world is

Eminem. He is a white rapper from America. Eminem becomes a famous rapper

because he makes great rap songs that consist of pure rap and good poem. He can

combine those all into an amazing lyrics and fast beat that make the listener feel

his emotions when he sing the rap songs.

In generally, the lyrics of rap songs contain many long sentences or phrase

and there are also many bad words in the lyrics that usually make the lyrics

ungrammatical. Therefore, the writer is interest to analyze the lyrics of rap songs

in syntactic structure.

Syntactic structure is a study in analyzing structure of words in a phrase or

sentence. The writer uses syntactic structure analysis because syntactic structure

can analysis every structure of word. No matter how complicated the structure

itself, it can be still analyzed in syntactic structure analyses including the rap

3

From those reasons, the writer would like to find the kinds of syntactic

structures and the most predominant syntactic structures in Eminem’s songs by

using “Chinese boxes”based on Francis’s theory.

In this case, the writer only chooses two Eminem’s songs. Those are “No

Love” and “Talkin to Myself” from “Recovery” album in 2010. The writer only chooses the two songs because according to Chris DeLine, those songs are the best

songs that made Eminem return from his reputation that has decrease in his

previous album.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

a) What kinds of syntactic structures are found in the rap songs “No Love” and

“Talkin 2 Myself” by Eminem?

b) What is the most predominant syntactic structure in those rap songs?

1.3. Purpose of the Study

a) To find out what kinds of syntactic structures are found in the rap songs “No

Love” and “Talkin 2 Myself” by Eminem

b) To find out what the most predominant syntactic structure in those rap songs

1.4. Significance of the Study

The study will be significant in two ways. First, it gives a contribution for

the English linguistic lecturers in University. The lecturers can teach students who

4

syntactic structures that can analyze every structure of words in that sentence or

phrase. So, the lecturers can develop the students’ knowledge about English structure. Second, the rap song can be a material for the University students in

learning syntactic structures because in the lyrics of rap songs usually contain

many words that can be analyzed in syntactic structures. However, in this century,

rap song has become a popular song especially for teenagers’ student. The rap songs can be a fresh material that motivates the students in learning English.

1.5. Scope and Limitation

The scope in this study is analyzing the syntactic structures. The limitation

is that the writer analyzes the lyrics of the rap songs “No Love” and “Talkin to Myself. Those rap songs are Eminem’s featuring songs with other singers. The writer only analyzes the parts of the lyrics sung by Eminem himself, excluding the

featuring singers.

1.6. Definition of key terms

a) Rap song: A song that is a mix of the spoken word, traditional singing, and

poetry that is accompanied by some form of a rhythm. (Tulika Nair, 2011)

b) Syntactic structures: Parts of linguistic, that focus on analyze the structure of

words in each sentence or phrase. They are categorized into four kinds:

structure of modification, structure of predication, structure of

4.1.2 The most predominant syntactic structure in the rap songs “No Love” and “Talkin to Myself” by Eminem ... 47 4.2 Discussions ... 48 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions ... 50 5.2 Suggestions ... 51 REFERENCES ... 52 APPENDIXES

Appendix I ... 53 Appendix II ... 59 Appendix III ... 64

REFERENCES

Francis, W. Nelson. 1958. The Structure of American English. USA: The Ronald Press Company. S.

Rogers, William E. 2000. A Simplified Structural Syntax. http://eweb.furman.edu/~wrogers/syntax/index.htm. Downloaded on 4th January, 2013.

Ary, Donald. Jacobs, Lucy Cheser, etc. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education 8th Edition. USA: Nelson Education, Ltd.

Wilkinson, David. Birmingham, Peter. 2003. Using Research Instruments: A guide for researchers. New York: Routledge Falmer.

Woods, Peter. Pratt, Nick. 2006. Qualitative Research. http://www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/qualitative%20methods%202/qualr shm.htm. Downloaded on 13th January, 2013.

Rampur, Stephen. 2011. Definition and Types of song. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-songs.html. Downloaded on 4th January, 2013

Nair, Tulika. 2011. Rap Music Characteristics.

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/rap-music-characteristics.html.

Downloaded on 5th January, 2013

DeLine, Chris. 2010. Eminem “Recovery” Review. http://www.culturebully.com/eminem-recovery-album-review. Downloaded on 27th December, 2012

Wismandira, Pungki Zeinuar. 2001. Syntactic Structures in the Six Rap Songs of "Rage Againts the Machine". Thesis. Petra Christian University. Surabaya.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

Every human being speaks everyday by using language. They use language to produce phrase or sentence then use it to tell each other in order to know what they speak about. In a phrase or sentence, there are words that combine one word to another to make large structures (sentence or phrase) that convey more meaning of the words themselves. Francis (1958), states that the combination of one or more than two words will produce various structural meaning. Phrase or sentence is simply combinations of syntactic structures. No matter how complicated the structure, it can be analyzed in syntactic structures. In order to analyze the structural meaning, Francis uses syntactic structure analysis. There are four kinds of syntactic structures. Those are: structure of modification, structure of predication, structure of complementation and structure of coordination.

In a language, words are the most important element. In combining words to make a phrase or sentence, people usually make it grammatically. However, it is often found that phrase or sentence is not usually grammatical. Usually, it is found in song because the lyric of song is often in the form of a poem which is usually influenced by the creator’s emotion. Therefore, grammar is often disregarded when someone is getting strong emotions in creating a song.

2

A song also means a piece of music which usually contains a verbal text that is expressed by voice. There are many types of songs such as classical, pop, rock, metal, country, hip hop, rap, ballad, dance, love, and gospel songs.

In this century, rap songs have become popular in countries across the world. www.plasticlittleraps.com, notes that Rap songs are widely popular because rap songs create rhyming by considering most sophisticated styles of poetry. However, these rhymes often address provocative subjects such as sex, violence and socio-political issues. Those make a lot of people like rap songs because those songs can express their emotion. According to Chris DeLine (A blogger from Nashville, TN), one of the best famous rapper in the world is Eminem. He is a white rapper from America. Eminem becomes a famous rapper because he makes great rap songs that consist of pure rap and good poem. He can combine those all into an amazing lyrics and fast beat that make the listener feel his emotions when he sing the rap songs.

In generally, the lyrics of rap songs contain many long sentences or phrase and there are also many bad words in the lyrics that usually make the lyrics ungrammatical. Therefore, the writer is interest to analyze the lyrics of rap songs in syntactic structure.

Syntactic structure is a study in analyzing structure of words in a phrase or sentence. The writer uses syntactic structure analysis because syntactic structure can analysis every structure of word. No matter how complicated the structure itself, it can be still analyzed in syntactic structure analyses including the rap songs that contain long sentence or phrase and also usually ungrammatical.

3

From those reasons, the writer would like to find the kinds of syntactic structures and the most predominant syntactic structures in Eminem’s songs by using “Chinese boxes”based on Francis’s theory.

In this case, the writer only chooses two Eminem’s songs. Those are “No Love” and “Talkin to Myself” from “Recovery” album in 2010. The writer only chooses the two songs because according to Chris DeLine, those songs are the best songs that made Eminem return from his reputation that has decrease in his previous album.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

a) What kinds of syntactic structures are found in the rap songs “No Love” and “Talkin 2 Myself” by Eminem?

b) What is the most predominant syntactic structure in those rap songs?

1.3. Purpose of the Study

a) To find out what kinds of syntactic structures are found in the rap songs “No Love” and “Talkin 2 Myself” by Eminem

b) To find out what the most predominant syntactic structure in those rap songs

1.4. Significance of the Study

The study will be significant in two ways. First, it gives a contribution for the English linguistic lecturers in University. The lecturers can teach students who learn an English structure not in the grammar of the sentence or phrase, but also in

4

syntactic structures that can analyze every structure of words in that sentence or phrase. So, the lecturers can develop the students’ knowledge about English structure. Second, the rap song can be a material for the University students in learning syntactic structures because in the lyrics of rap songs usually contain many words that can be analyzed in syntactic structures. However, in this century, rap song has become a popular song especially for teenagers’ student. The rap songs can be a fresh material that motivates the students in learning English.

1.5. Scope and Limitation

The scope in this study is analyzing the syntactic structures. The limitation is that the writer analyzes the lyrics of the rap songs “No Love” and “Talkin to Myself. Those rap songs are Eminem’s featuring songs with other singers. The writer only analyzes the parts of the lyrics sung by Eminem himself, excluding the featuring singers.

1.6. Definition of key terms

a) Rap song: A song that is a mix of the spoken word, traditional singing, and poetry that is accompanied by some form of a rhythm. (Tulika Nair, 2011) b) Syntactic structures: Parts of linguistic, that focus on analyze the structure of

words in each sentence or phrase. They are categorized into four kinds: structure of modification, structure of predication, structure of complementation and structure of coordination. (Francis, 1958)