Abstract Karakterisasi dan Skrining Fitokimia serta Uji Efek Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan
KARAKTERISASI DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA
UJI EFEK ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL
UMBI SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.)
PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN
ABSTRAK
Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan salah satu
penyebab kematian di Indonesia. Tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia
tuberosa Jack.) telah digunakan secara empiris untuk mengobati diare.
Tumbuhan sarang semut mengandung tanin yang berpotensi mengurangi
intensitas diare. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia,
golongan senyawa kimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut serta
efek ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut sebagai antidiare.
Simplisia umbi sarang semut dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia.
Ekstraksi dilakukan secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Maserat
yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator selanjutnya difreeze dryer.
Ekstrak yang diperoleh diskrining fitokimia dan diuji efek antidiare ekstrak
etanol umbi sarang semut terhadap tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi oleum
ricini menggunakan metode intestinal transit/metode lintasan usus halus yaitu
menghitung persen lintas yang dilewati norit sebagai marker dan loperamid
HCl sebagai pembanding.
Hasil makroskopik simplisia umbi sarang semut berupa potonganpotongan yang berlubang atau berongga, berwarna coklat kehitaman, berbau
menyengat, berasa pahit dan agak sepat. Hasil mikroskopik serbuk simplisia
terlihat adanya butir pati, parenkim, dan pembuluh kayu. Hasil penetapan kadar
air simplisia umbi sarang semut diperoleh 7,98%, kadar sari larut air 6,95%,
kadar sari larut etanol 5,75%, kadar abu total 2,80%, dan kadar abu tidak larut
asam 0,25%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol umbi sarang
semut diperoleh senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, steroid/
triterpenoid. Ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut mempunyai efek sebagai
antidiare. Hasil uji efek antidiare kelompok norit diperoleh persen lintas
marker norit (74,63 ± 0,23), oleum ricini dan norit (87,54 ± 0,78), ekstrak
etanol umbi sarang semut dosis 2,5 mg/kg bb (66,46 ± 0,82), dosis 5 mg/kg bb
(62,56 ± 0,45), dosis 7,5 mg/kg bb (55,37 ± 1,23), dosis 10 mg/kg bb (35,41 ±
0,98), dan loperamid HCl dosis 0,4 mg/kg bb (44,97 ± 1,20). Ekstrak etanol
umbi sarang semut dosis 10 mg/kg bb mempunyai efek antidiare yang lebih
baik dibandingkan loperamid HCl dosis 0,4 mg/kg bb, dan dosis 2,5, 5, 7,5
mg/kg bb (p < 0,05).
Kata kunci: antidiare, metode lintasan usus halus, ekstrak etanol umbi sarang
semut
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND
ANTIDIARRHEAL TEST EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT
OF ANT PLANT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.)
ON WHITE MALE RATS
ABSTRACT
Diarrhea is a public health problem and one causes of death in
Indonesia. Ant plant (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.) have been used empirically
to treat diarrhea. Ant plant contain tannins have been potentially reduce the
intensity of diarrhea. The purpose of this study are to understand about the
characteristics of simplicia, chemical compounds of simplicia and ethanol
extracts of ant plant and its antidiarrheal effect.
The simplicia ant plant characterization and phytochemical screening.
Extraction is done by maserating using ethanol solvent 70%. Maserat that
gained is evaporated by rotary evaporator then extract by freeze dryer. The
extract that gained from previous process phytochemical screening and the
antidiarrheal activity test of ethanol extract of ant plant on white male rats
induced oleum ricini used intestinal transit method which by calculating the
percentage of traffic that passed norit as a marker and loperamid HCl as
control.
Macroscopic results of ant plant simplicia was small pieces perforated
or hollow, brown to blackish, it was odor, taste bitter and a bit acidic.
Microscopic results of simplicia powder showed starches, parenchyma, and
xylem. The simplicia ant plant has the water content value was 7.98%, the
water soluble extract of simplicia value was 6.95%, the ethanol soluble extract
of simplicia value was 5.75%, the total ash value was 2.80%, and the acid
insoluble ash was 0.25%. The result of phytochemical screening showed that
simplicia and ethanol extract ant plant contained flavonoids, glycosides,
saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids. The ethanol extract of ant plant have
antidiarrheal effects. The results antidiarrheal effect of norit group of cross
marker norit percent (74.63 ± 0.23), oleum ricini and norit (87.54 ± 0.78), the
ethanol extract ant plant a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw (66.46 ± 0.82), a dose of 5
mg/kg bw (62.56 ± 0.45), a dose of 7.5 mg/kg bw (55.37 ± 1.23), a dose of 10
mg/kg bw (35.41 ± 0.98), and loperamide HCl dose of 0.4 mg/kg bw (44.97 ±
1.20). The ethanol extract of ant plant dose of 10 mg/kg bw have antidiarrheal
effects better than loperamide HCl dose of 0.4 mg/kg bw, and dose of 2.5, 5,
7.5 mg/kg bw (p < 0.05).
Keywords: antidiarrheal, transit intestinal method, ethanol extract of ant plant
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
UJI EFEK ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL
UMBI SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.)
PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN
ABSTRAK
Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan salah satu
penyebab kematian di Indonesia. Tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia
tuberosa Jack.) telah digunakan secara empiris untuk mengobati diare.
Tumbuhan sarang semut mengandung tanin yang berpotensi mengurangi
intensitas diare. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia,
golongan senyawa kimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut serta
efek ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut sebagai antidiare.
Simplisia umbi sarang semut dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia.
Ekstraksi dilakukan secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Maserat
yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator selanjutnya difreeze dryer.
Ekstrak yang diperoleh diskrining fitokimia dan diuji efek antidiare ekstrak
etanol umbi sarang semut terhadap tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi oleum
ricini menggunakan metode intestinal transit/metode lintasan usus halus yaitu
menghitung persen lintas yang dilewati norit sebagai marker dan loperamid
HCl sebagai pembanding.
Hasil makroskopik simplisia umbi sarang semut berupa potonganpotongan yang berlubang atau berongga, berwarna coklat kehitaman, berbau
menyengat, berasa pahit dan agak sepat. Hasil mikroskopik serbuk simplisia
terlihat adanya butir pati, parenkim, dan pembuluh kayu. Hasil penetapan kadar
air simplisia umbi sarang semut diperoleh 7,98%, kadar sari larut air 6,95%,
kadar sari larut etanol 5,75%, kadar abu total 2,80%, dan kadar abu tidak larut
asam 0,25%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol umbi sarang
semut diperoleh senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, steroid/
triterpenoid. Ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut mempunyai efek sebagai
antidiare. Hasil uji efek antidiare kelompok norit diperoleh persen lintas
marker norit (74,63 ± 0,23), oleum ricini dan norit (87,54 ± 0,78), ekstrak
etanol umbi sarang semut dosis 2,5 mg/kg bb (66,46 ± 0,82), dosis 5 mg/kg bb
(62,56 ± 0,45), dosis 7,5 mg/kg bb (55,37 ± 1,23), dosis 10 mg/kg bb (35,41 ±
0,98), dan loperamid HCl dosis 0,4 mg/kg bb (44,97 ± 1,20). Ekstrak etanol
umbi sarang semut dosis 10 mg/kg bb mempunyai efek antidiare yang lebih
baik dibandingkan loperamid HCl dosis 0,4 mg/kg bb, dan dosis 2,5, 5, 7,5
mg/kg bb (p < 0,05).
Kata kunci: antidiare, metode lintasan usus halus, ekstrak etanol umbi sarang
semut
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND
ANTIDIARRHEAL TEST EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT
OF ANT PLANT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.)
ON WHITE MALE RATS
ABSTRACT
Diarrhea is a public health problem and one causes of death in
Indonesia. Ant plant (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.) have been used empirically
to treat diarrhea. Ant plant contain tannins have been potentially reduce the
intensity of diarrhea. The purpose of this study are to understand about the
characteristics of simplicia, chemical compounds of simplicia and ethanol
extracts of ant plant and its antidiarrheal effect.
The simplicia ant plant characterization and phytochemical screening.
Extraction is done by maserating using ethanol solvent 70%. Maserat that
gained is evaporated by rotary evaporator then extract by freeze dryer. The
extract that gained from previous process phytochemical screening and the
antidiarrheal activity test of ethanol extract of ant plant on white male rats
induced oleum ricini used intestinal transit method which by calculating the
percentage of traffic that passed norit as a marker and loperamid HCl as
control.
Macroscopic results of ant plant simplicia was small pieces perforated
or hollow, brown to blackish, it was odor, taste bitter and a bit acidic.
Microscopic results of simplicia powder showed starches, parenchyma, and
xylem. The simplicia ant plant has the water content value was 7.98%, the
water soluble extract of simplicia value was 6.95%, the ethanol soluble extract
of simplicia value was 5.75%, the total ash value was 2.80%, and the acid
insoluble ash was 0.25%. The result of phytochemical screening showed that
simplicia and ethanol extract ant plant contained flavonoids, glycosides,
saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids. The ethanol extract of ant plant have
antidiarrheal effects. The results antidiarrheal effect of norit group of cross
marker norit percent (74.63 ± 0.23), oleum ricini and norit (87.54 ± 0.78), the
ethanol extract ant plant a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw (66.46 ± 0.82), a dose of 5
mg/kg bw (62.56 ± 0.45), a dose of 7.5 mg/kg bw (55.37 ± 1.23), a dose of 10
mg/kg bw (35.41 ± 0.98), and loperamide HCl dose of 0.4 mg/kg bw (44.97 ±
1.20). The ethanol extract of ant plant dose of 10 mg/kg bw have antidiarrheal
effects better than loperamide HCl dose of 0.4 mg/kg bw, and dose of 2.5, 5,
7.5 mg/kg bw (p < 0.05).
Keywords: antidiarrheal, transit intestinal method, ethanol extract of ant plant
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara