Form of state and system of government
SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
• Parliamentary Executive
• Non Parliamentary Executive
SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
•Parlementary
•Presidensial
•Hybrid System
•Colegial
PARLEMENTARY
(a) Distinction and separation between head of
state and head of government.
(b) Parliament hold the executive and legislative
power. Executive part of parliament and
responsible to parliament.
(c) Parliament has the power to dissolve cabinet.
(d) Head of state has the power to dissolve
parliament.
(e) No fix term of office.
BANGLADES
THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CABINET
55. The Cabinet.
(1) There shall be a Cabinet for Bangladesh having the Prime Minister at its head and
comprising also such other Minister as the Prime Minister may from time to time
designate.
(2) The executive power of the Republic shall, in accordance with this Constitution, be
exercised by or on the authority of the Prime Minister.
(3) The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to Parliament.
(4) All executive actions of the Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name
of the President.
(5) The President shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other
instruments made in his name shall be attested of authenticated, and the validity
or any order of instrument so attested or authenticated shall not be questioned in
any court on the ground that it was not duly made or executed.
(6) The President shall make rules for the allocation and transaction of the business of
the Government.
PRESIDENSIAL
(a) Head of state and head of governance hold in
one hand of officer.
(b) Executive do not responsible to the
parliament, but to the voters.
(c) The executive do not have power to dissolve
parliament, vis versa.
(d) Cabinet responsible to the head of
executive/state.
(e) Fix term of office.
PHILIPINES
ARTICLE VII
Executive Department
SEC 1.
The executive power shall be vested in the President of
the Philippines.
SEC. 17.
The President shall control of all the executive
departments, bureaus and offices. He shall ensure that
the laws be faithfully executed.
Hybrid System
• President as head of state and elected by the
people.
• Head of Governance is held by Prime Minister
as chief of cabinet that responsible to the
parliament.
• Cabinet is responsible both to the President
and Parliament.
• In the certain time President hold the head of
government posssition.
PERANCIS
Title II The President of the Republic
Article 5 [Presidential Office]
(1) The President of the Republic shall see that the Constitution is
observed. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, both the proper
functioning of the governmental authorities and the continuity of
the State.
(2) He shall be the guarantor of national independence, the
integrity of the territory and observance of Community
agreements, and of treaties.
Article 6 [Term of Presidency]
The President of the Republic shall be elected for seven years by
direct universal suffrage. The procedures implementing this Article
shall be laid down in an organic act.
Article 8 [Prime Minister]
(1) The President of the Republic shall appoint the
Prime Minister. He shall terminate that appointment
when the latter tenders the resignation of the
Government.
(2) On the proposal of the Prime Minister, he shall
appoint the other members of the Government and
terminate their appointments.
Article 9 [Council of Ministers]
The President of the Republic shall preside over the
Council of Ministers.
Article 13 [Powers of President and Council of Ministers]
(1) The President of the Republic shall sign the ordinances and
orders decided upon in the Council of Ministers.
(2) He shall make appointments to the civil and military posts of the
State.
(3) Conseillers d'Etat, the Grand Chancelier de la Legion d'Honneur,
Ambassadors and envoys extraordinary, Conseillers Maitres of the
Cour des Comptes, Prefects, Government representatives in the
Overseas Territories, General Officers, Recteurs d'academies and
Directors of central administrations shall be appointed by the
Council of Ministers.
(4) An organic act shall determine the other posts to be filled by
decision of the Council of Ministers, together with the conditions
under which the power of appointment of the President of the
Republic may be delegated by him and exercised in his name.
COLEGIAL SYSTEM (SWITZERLAND)
Article 175 Composition and Election
(1) The Federal Government shall consist of seven
members.
(2) The members of the Federal Government shall
be elected by the Federal Parliament after each
full renewal of the House of Representatives.
(3) They are elected for a term of four years
among all Swiss citizens eligible to the House of
Representatives.
(4) Consideration has to be given to the adequate
representation of regions and languages.
Article 176 Presidency
(1) The President of the Federation shall chair the Federal
Government.
(2) The Federal Parliament shall elect, for a term of one year, one of
the members of the Federal Government as President of the
Federation, and another as Vice‐President of the Federal
Government.
(3) These mandates may not be renewed for the following
year. The President of the Federation shall not be eligible to be
Vice‐President for the following year.
Article 177 Principle of Collective Authority and Division into
Departments
(1) The Federal Government shall take its decisions as a collective
body.
(2) For the preparation and implementation of the decisions, the
matters of the Federal Government shall be distributed amongst its
members according to Departments.
(3) Matters shall be entrusted to Departments or administrative
units subordinated to them to be settled directly; in such cases, the
right of recourse to a remedy shall be guaranteed.
• Parliamentary Executive
• Non Parliamentary Executive
SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
•Parlementary
•Presidensial
•Hybrid System
•Colegial
PARLEMENTARY
(a) Distinction and separation between head of
state and head of government.
(b) Parliament hold the executive and legislative
power. Executive part of parliament and
responsible to parliament.
(c) Parliament has the power to dissolve cabinet.
(d) Head of state has the power to dissolve
parliament.
(e) No fix term of office.
BANGLADES
THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CABINET
55. The Cabinet.
(1) There shall be a Cabinet for Bangladesh having the Prime Minister at its head and
comprising also such other Minister as the Prime Minister may from time to time
designate.
(2) The executive power of the Republic shall, in accordance with this Constitution, be
exercised by or on the authority of the Prime Minister.
(3) The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to Parliament.
(4) All executive actions of the Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name
of the President.
(5) The President shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other
instruments made in his name shall be attested of authenticated, and the validity
or any order of instrument so attested or authenticated shall not be questioned in
any court on the ground that it was not duly made or executed.
(6) The President shall make rules for the allocation and transaction of the business of
the Government.
PRESIDENSIAL
(a) Head of state and head of governance hold in
one hand of officer.
(b) Executive do not responsible to the
parliament, but to the voters.
(c) The executive do not have power to dissolve
parliament, vis versa.
(d) Cabinet responsible to the head of
executive/state.
(e) Fix term of office.
PHILIPINES
ARTICLE VII
Executive Department
SEC 1.
The executive power shall be vested in the President of
the Philippines.
SEC. 17.
The President shall control of all the executive
departments, bureaus and offices. He shall ensure that
the laws be faithfully executed.
Hybrid System
• President as head of state and elected by the
people.
• Head of Governance is held by Prime Minister
as chief of cabinet that responsible to the
parliament.
• Cabinet is responsible both to the President
and Parliament.
• In the certain time President hold the head of
government posssition.
PERANCIS
Title II The President of the Republic
Article 5 [Presidential Office]
(1) The President of the Republic shall see that the Constitution is
observed. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, both the proper
functioning of the governmental authorities and the continuity of
the State.
(2) He shall be the guarantor of national independence, the
integrity of the territory and observance of Community
agreements, and of treaties.
Article 6 [Term of Presidency]
The President of the Republic shall be elected for seven years by
direct universal suffrage. The procedures implementing this Article
shall be laid down in an organic act.
Article 8 [Prime Minister]
(1) The President of the Republic shall appoint the
Prime Minister. He shall terminate that appointment
when the latter tenders the resignation of the
Government.
(2) On the proposal of the Prime Minister, he shall
appoint the other members of the Government and
terminate their appointments.
Article 9 [Council of Ministers]
The President of the Republic shall preside over the
Council of Ministers.
Article 13 [Powers of President and Council of Ministers]
(1) The President of the Republic shall sign the ordinances and
orders decided upon in the Council of Ministers.
(2) He shall make appointments to the civil and military posts of the
State.
(3) Conseillers d'Etat, the Grand Chancelier de la Legion d'Honneur,
Ambassadors and envoys extraordinary, Conseillers Maitres of the
Cour des Comptes, Prefects, Government representatives in the
Overseas Territories, General Officers, Recteurs d'academies and
Directors of central administrations shall be appointed by the
Council of Ministers.
(4) An organic act shall determine the other posts to be filled by
decision of the Council of Ministers, together with the conditions
under which the power of appointment of the President of the
Republic may be delegated by him and exercised in his name.
COLEGIAL SYSTEM (SWITZERLAND)
Article 175 Composition and Election
(1) The Federal Government shall consist of seven
members.
(2) The members of the Federal Government shall
be elected by the Federal Parliament after each
full renewal of the House of Representatives.
(3) They are elected for a term of four years
among all Swiss citizens eligible to the House of
Representatives.
(4) Consideration has to be given to the adequate
representation of regions and languages.
Article 176 Presidency
(1) The President of the Federation shall chair the Federal
Government.
(2) The Federal Parliament shall elect, for a term of one year, one of
the members of the Federal Government as President of the
Federation, and another as Vice‐President of the Federal
Government.
(3) These mandates may not be renewed for the following
year. The President of the Federation shall not be eligible to be
Vice‐President for the following year.
Article 177 Principle of Collective Authority and Division into
Departments
(1) The Federal Government shall take its decisions as a collective
body.
(2) For the preparation and implementation of the decisions, the
matters of the Federal Government shall be distributed amongst its
members according to Departments.
(3) Matters shall be entrusted to Departments or administrative
units subordinated to them to be settled directly; in such cases, the
right of recourse to a remedy shall be guaranteed.