05 SIngo Kochi 171002 Kochi
Dear Participants of
4th International Workshop On Sato-Umi
Greetings from Hyogo, Japan
Greetings from Int’l EMECS Ctr
Kobe Earthquake in Jan. 1995
The Hanshin Awaji Earthquake 17.Jan.1995,
5:46am (M7.3)
3
Source: Hyogo Prefecture
Information and Telecommunication Room
Stricken by the Earthquake
Officials working at the former Disaster
Management Headquarter
5
International EMECS Center
(International Center for Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas)
Chairman of Board of Directors: Toshizo Ido (Governor of Hyogo Pref.)
Permanent Property: 12 million USD
Kobe Port
Seto Inland Sea
International EMECS Center was established in 1994 in Kobe, Japan.
It’s objectives shall be to construct an organized network linking governments,
researchers, private companies, citizens etc. in order to promote academic
exchanges on an international level and conduct research, conferences,
seminars, educational programs for conserving enclosed coastal sea
6
environments, re-constructing new ones and promoting sustainable society.
What’s Next : Integrating EMECS
Experience into Disaster-Resilient
Coastal Management
-- Strengthening Bilateral Cooperation
with Indonesia -5-6 October 2017
Jakarta, Indoensia
Shingo KOCHI (Mr.)
Director of
International Center for Environmental Management of
Enclosed Coastal Seas (EMECS)
International EMECS Center
(International Center for Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas)
Chairman of Board of Directors: Toshizo Ido (Governor of Hyogo Pref.)
Permanent Property: 12 million USD
Kobe Port
Seto Inland Sea
International EMECS Center was established in 1994 in Kobe, Japan.
It’s objectives shall be to construct an organized network linking governments,
researchers, private companies, citizens etc. in order to promote academic
exchanges on an international level and conduct research, conferences,
seminars, educational programs for conserving enclosed coastal sea
8
environments, re-constructing new ones and promoting sustainable society.
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
Earthquake and Tsunami (Mar 11. 2011)
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
What We Are NOT Sure About …
A Series of Earthquakes:
late “Edo” Period (1854.11-1855.10)
“Big Catfish Monster”
as an inducing factor, or a myth ?
Could NOT Expected “Unexpected”
Ansei Earthquake and a Tsunami
reached Osaka (Nov 5th, 1854)
Tsunamis from Pacific Ocean (Nov. 1854)
Kobe Earthquake in Jan. 1995
The Hanshin Awaji Earthquake 17.Jan.1995,
5:46am (M7.3)
19
Source: Hyogo Prefecture
Map of Japan
Kyoto
Miyagi Pre.
Osaka
Mt. Fuji
Hyogo
Tokyo
Nagasaki City
Okinawa
Brief Introduction of Hyogo
N
KYOTO
HYOGO
KOBE
OSAKA
Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
in 1995
HYOGO
Jan. 17, 1995
M
KOBE
7.3
Fires in urban districts
Damage to office buildings
Collapsed houses
Damage to railroads
Collapse of expressway viaducts
Most sources of ignition are redistributing power by the
electric utility company.
The blazes lasted in couple of days after the Earthquake
Summary of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Hansin Expressway Kobe Route
Date: 5:46 am, 17th of January,1995
Epicenter: Northern Awaji Island
(Southern part of Hyogo)
Scale: 7.3 on Richter Scale
Seismic intensity: 7 on the Japanese Scale
(Highest recorded in history
Called the Southern Hyogo Earthquake
Rokko and Awaji Island Faults
Damages
Dead: 6,434 people;
Missing: 3 people
Financial damage: about $ 100 billion
(about 50% of the Hyogo’s GDP)
Houses destroyed (completely and partially
destroyed): 250,000 (460,000 households)
Nagata Ward, Kobe City
Brief Introduction of Hyogo
N
KYOTO
HYOGO
KOBE
OSAKA
Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
in 1995
HYOGO
Jan. 17, 1995
M
KOBE
7.3
Japan’s Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
47 Prefectural Government
(Governor is elected by the residents)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.6 million
Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2016)
1,718 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
(as of 5 Oct 2017)
Hazards Confronting Vulnerable
Communities Cause Disasters
Disasters
Hazard
Vulnerability
(risk assessment)
(societal conditions)
Less Disasters
Disasters
Hazard
(risk assessment)
Vulnerability
(societal conditions)
35
・Risk Management
-- Risk Avoidance
-- Risk Reduction
-- Risk Transfer
Japan and Its Surroundings
Countermeasures taken in Japan
Structural measures
Sea walls, breakwater, dike,
storm surge barrier etc.
Non-structural measures
Tsunami early warning system,
Evacuation buildings,
Disaster education,
Seawalls against the tsunami
TEXT BOOK
For protecting both property and
human lives
For protecting human lives
High cost
Low cost
Construction period: Long
Implementation period: Short
38
Rebuilding Pre-existing Vulnerabilities
United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP)
A Tool for Building Back better
Building Back Better
United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP)
A Tool for Building Back better
Community Planning (overall land use planning)
Immediately after the Earthquake
(Nishinomiya City）
41
Community Planning (overall land use planning)
After Land Readjustment
(Nishinomiya City）
42
Reconstruction Image urban redevelopment project
43
Reconstruction Image Streetscape
Kobe City, immediate aftermath
After reconstruction
44
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters
-The Japanese Experience (persons)
The number of casualties and the missing caused by natural disasters in Japan
6481
6062
5868
Hanshin-Awaji
(Kobe)
Earthquake
4897
East Japan
EQ and
Tsunami
Approx. 15900
Ise-wan
Typhoon
1945
1950
1959
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000 2013 (year)
46
“Building Back Better in Japan”
Major changes of Regulation/Law
Year
1959
Regulation and Law to be revised
Ise-wan Typhoon
⇒Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961)
1978
Miyagi-ken oki Earthquake
1995
⇒Amendment of Building Standards Law (1981)
Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
⇒Minister for Disaster Management (2001)
⇒Act for Supporting Livelihood Recovery of
Victims (1999)
⇒Self-Defense Force to Ministry of Defense
Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act 1961
Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime
Minister
National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers &
Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors
Annual Gov’t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures
The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures
to the National Diet
Formulation of “National Basic Disaster Management Plan
for Disaster Prevention”
The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral)
The Local Disaster Management Plan
Designation of “Disaster Prevention Day”
Public Awareness Programs
48
The National Government
Financial Services
Agency
Cabinet Office
Cabinet
Cabinet Secretariat
Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications
National Public
Safety Commission
Fire and Disaster
Management Agency
Minister of State for
Disaster Management
Ministry of Justice
Minister of State for Regulatory
Reform, Administrative Reform,
Regional Revitalization and
Regional Government
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Minister of Economic
and Fiscal Policy
Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology
Minister of Okinawa and
Northern Territories Affairs,
Science and Technology Policy,
Innovation, Gender Equality,
Social Affairs and Food Safety
Ministry of Health,
Labor and Welfare
Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries
Forestry Agency
Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry
Japan Meteorological Agency
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
Japan Coast Guard
Ministry of the Environment
Geographical Survey Institute
Ministry of Defense
National Police
Agency
The Prime Minister is
the Head of the Cabinet and,
is the Chairman of the Central
Disaster Management Council
Organizational Chart of Central Disaster
Management Council.
Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunami in
Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011
Central Disaster Management Council
(March 26, 2013)
Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act 1961
Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime
Minister
National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers &
Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors
Annual Gov’t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures
The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures
to the National Diet
Formulation of “National Basic Disaster Management Plan
for Disaster Prevention”
The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral)
The Local Disaster Management Plan
Designation of “Disaster Prevention Day”
Public Awareness Programs
54
55
・Planning ahead--Steps after Disaster Response
-- Evacuation
-- Search and Rescue
-- Disaster Relief
-- Temporary Housing
-- Livelihood
-- Reconstruction
-- Recovery
Japan’s Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
47 Prefectural Government
(Governor is elected by the residents)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.6 million
Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2016)
1,718 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
(as of 5 October 2017)
・Search And Rescue Units In Japan
-- Ministry of Defense
-- Japan Coast Guard
-- Police Department
-- Fire Agency
Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunami in
Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Defense
(former Self-Defense Agency)
Japan Coast Guard
Police Department
Fire Agency
Japan’s Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
47 Prefectural Government
(Governor is elected by the residents)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.6 million
Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2016)
1,718 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
(as of 5 October 2017)
Disaster Drill
with New Initiatives
Disaster Drill
with New Initiatives
Evacuation Drill with New Initiatives
Evacuation Drill
(Tsunami Wave Evacuation Tower)
Tsunami Wave Evacuation Tower
For Wheelchair Accessible
New Challenges Produce New Ideas
(Bench in the playground will turn into…)
Countermeasure against Flooding
(Subway and Underground Shopping Mall)
Emergency Food with
New Initiatives
Recent Case: Earthquake and Tsunami in
Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011
73
Lessons Learned from 2011 EQ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Refugees” on return (Tokyo)
Nuclear Power Plant
Interruption of power supply
long-period ground motion
Public Relation, and Risk Communication
Infrastructure
Others
74
International EMECS Center
(International Center for Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas)
Chairman of Board of Directors: Toshizo Ido (Governor of Hyogo Pref.)
Permanent Property: 12 million USD
Kobe Port
Seto Inland Sea
International EMECS Center was established in 1994 in Kobe, Japan.
It’s objectives shall be to construct an organized network linking governments,
researchers, private companies, citizens etc. in order to promote academic
exchanges on an international level and conduct research, conferences,
seminars, educational programs for conserving enclosed coastal sea
75
environments, re-constructing new ones and promoting sustainable society.
History of EMECS
1971 Governors and Mayors’ Conference on the Environmental Protection
of the Set Inland Sea established
1973 Law on Temporary Measures for the Environmental Preservation of the
Seto Inland Sea established and promulgated
1976 Association for Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea
established
1987 A group, including Dr. Ian Morris from Maryland visited Japan to study
enclosed seas.
1990 1st EMECS Conference was held in Kobe, Japan
1993 2nd EMECS Conference was held in Baltimore, USA
1994 International EMECS Center was established
1997 3rd EMECS Conference was held in Stockholm, Sweden
----Red Tides
Whirlpool at Naruto Strait
Seto Inland Sea
Itsukushima Shrine
76
Enclosed Coastal Seas
77
Reclamation
Inflow of pollutants
Baltimore
Washington
D.C.
Mediterranean Sea (Turkey)
The Seto Inland Sea (Japan)
Tianjin
Dalian
Seoul
The Baltic Sea (Sweden)
Shanghai
The Yellow Sea (Photo: NASA)
Chesapeak Bay (USA)
78
Enclosed Coastal Seas in the World
North SeaBaltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Puget Bay
Chesapeake Bay
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Gulf of Thailand Bohai Sea Japan Sea
Seto Inland Sea
Suzuki (2013)
79
EMECS Conferences
2nd (November 10-13, 1993)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Participants: 1,200 from 42 countries
9th (August 28-31, 2011)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Participants: 287 from 25 countries
1st (August 3-6, 1990)
Kobe, Japan
Participants: 1,200 from 42 countries
5th (November 19-22, 2001)
Kobe / Awaji, Japan
Participants: 1,140 from 40 countries
8th (October 27 - 30, 2008)
Shanghai, China
Participants: 470 from 37 countries
11th (August 21-27, 2016)
4th (November 9-12, 1999)
Antalya, Turkey
Participants: 300 from 50 countries
10th (October 30-November 3, 2013)
Marmaris, Turkey
Participants: 301 from 40 countries
7th (May 9-12, 2006)
Caen, France
Participants: 245 from 25 countries
St. Petersburg, Russia
6th (November 18-21, 2003)
Bangkok, Thailand
Participants: 600 from 23 countries
3rd (August 11-14, 1997)
Stockholm, Sweden
Participants: 1,000 from 80 countries
80
11th EMECS Conference
(EMECS11-SeaCoasts XXVI Joint Conference)
Date: 22 August - 27 August 2016
Venue: AZIMUT Hotel Saint-Petersburg, Russia
RSHU, VSEGEI
Theme: Managing Risks to Coastal Regions and
Communities in a Changing World
Contents: 2 Plenary session, 8 oral sessions, 1 poster session
Students & Schools Partnership (SSP) Session
Technical field trip City tour
St. Petersburg
Baltic Sea
The city experienced flood more than
300 times
St. Petersburg Flood Protection Barrier
has completed in 2011.
81
ICM & Satoumi Special Session
■ Part 1: Introduction of Special Project in Japan
1. Tetsuo Yanagi (Introduction)
2. Tetsuji Okuda (Theme 1: Seto Inland Sea)
3. Teruhisa Komatsu (Theme 2: Sanriku Coast)
4. Takafumi Yoshida (Theme 3: Japan Sea)
5. Ken’ichi Nakagami (Theme 4: Social & Human Science)
■ Part 2: Case Studies Related to “ICM and Satoumi”
6. Keizo Negi (Japan)
7. Robert M. Summers (USA)
8. David A. Nemazie (Philippines)
9. Suhendar I. Sachoemar (Indonesia)
10. Ruben Kosyan (Russia)
■ General Discussion
82
Satoumi Activities by EMECS Center
1998 The Initial Proposal by prof. Tetsuo Yanagi
2005 Workshop on Ecosystem Management organized
by PEMSEA/MOMAF (Masan, Korea)
2006 EMECS7/ECSA40
(Caen, France)
(Satoyama - Satoumi)
2008 EMECS8
(Shanghai, China)
2009 Sato-Umi Workshop
in EAS-Congress (Manila, Philippines)
2011 Satoumi Special Session in EMECS9
(Baltimore, USA)
2013 Satoumi Special Session in EMECS10/
MEDCOAST2013
2014 The 2nd International Workshop on SatoumiGEMPITA SPL-GAPURA (Pekalongan, Indonesia)
2015 The 3rd International Workshop on SatoumiGEMPITA SPL-GAPURA (Jakarta, Indonesia)
83
3rd International WS on Satoumi
Poster presentations
•Session: Coastal erosion and dynamical processes in the nearshore zone (15)
•Session: Coastal systems and their dynamics
•(From coast to water and from water to coast) (13)
•Session: Climate change in the changing world.
Coastal adaptation to climate change (6)
•Session: Coastal and marine ecosystem: monitoring and modelling
Sub-S: Approaches to and issues of processes in the coastal areas modelling and
monitoring (10)
Sub-S: Study and monitoring of coastal and marine ecosystems (28)
Sub-S: Ecological sensitivity of coastal areas: anthropogenic loads and natural
disasters (14)
•Session: Sustainable use and development of coastal resources
Sub-S: Effective management and approaches (11)
Sub-S: Construction and exploitation of hydraulic engineering structures and
dredging in the coastal areas (3)
Sub-S: Legal and political issues of enclosed coastal
seas management (1)
•SSP Meeting Poster (15)
84
12th EMECS Conference
Thailand
In 4-8 November, 2018
85
86
EMECS 12
Organizer : The International EMECS Center
In Cooperation with :
The Royal Institute of Thailand
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya
Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Thailand Environment Institute
87
Research Project
Environment Research and Technology Development Fund S-13
(Ministry of Environment, JAPAN)
“Development of Coastal Management Method
to Realize the Sustainable Coastal Sea”
Head Researcher: Tetsuo Yanagi
Research period: FY 2014 – FY 2018
(1) Seto Inland Sea, the largest enclosed
coastal sea in Japan
(2) Sanriku Coast, which has a succession
of open inner bays such as Shizugawa
Bay
(3) Coastal areas of the Sea of Japan, an
international enclosed coastal sea
(4) Discussions regarding the societal and
humanities aspects
(5) Integrated numerical models for coastal
sea management will be established.
88
88
Seminars and Workshops
Organizing or co-organizing EMECS Conferences,
EMECS International Seminars and Workshops etc.
Building international and interdisciplinary network
Researching measures to conserve coastal sea
environment and restore new ones.
Satoumi Workshop
EMECS International Seminar
EMECS Conference
89
Dissemination of Information
Collecting data relating to the current status for a
database of enclosed coastal sea environment
Publishing EMECS newsletter
Information exchange through website
EMECS Center website
EMECS newsletter
90
90
Educational and Training Activities
Conducting a training course of Integrated Water Management
for administrative officers in developing countries
Conducting educational programs for conservation of sea
environments
91
Location of Enclosed Coastal Seas
EMECS12
92
Again, Looking Backward….
A Series of Earthquakes:
late “Edo” Period (1854.11-1855.10)
“Big Catfish Monster”
as an inducing factor, or a myth ?
Tsunamis from Pacific Ocean (Nov. 1854)
What We Are NOT Sure About …
Earthquake and Tsunami (Mar 11. 2011)
The earthquake and Tsunami
Date and Time:
11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (5:46 GMT)
Type of earthquake:
Plate-boundary thrust-faulting earthquake
on
or near the Japan Trench
9.3msubduction
zone
Height of Tsunami Tide
epicenter
99
Damage from the Earthquake
•Damage was relatively small even though
the magnitude of the quake was over M 9.0
(JMA Intensity was also as big as that of
Hanshin-Big Earthquake.
Ichinoseki Sta, Iwate pref.
“Earthquake Early Warning
System” (Oct. 2007 to date)
“Know before the EQ occurs”,
And the icon is…..
A network of 97 EQ detectors functioned
15 seconds in advance.
27 bullet trains stopped. No casuality.
“Know before the EQ occurs”,
And the icon is…..
“Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day”
was designated (June 2011)
Memorial Days of Disasters in Japan
“Disaster Prevention Day”
Sep. 1959 (Ise-Wan Typhoon)
→1 Sep. 1923 (Tokyo EQ)
“Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day”
11 March,2011 (Japan EQ & Tsunami)
→ 5 Nov. 1854 (Ansei EQ & Tsunami)
Not March 11, but November 5.
Today’s status of “Catfish”
(2017)
Today’s status of “Catfish”
(2017)
Today’s status of “Catfish”
(2017)
Culture of Disaster Prevention,
Culture of Safety
How Can We Make Our People Fear ?
-- Japan National Broadcasting Corp. Changed its
Risk Communication Method on March 2012 --
・Culture of Prevention
・Culture of Safety
-Regional Planning
-Social Infrastructure Works
-Agriculture & Forestry
-Health & Sanitation
-Environment
Civil Protection &
Relief
National
Coordinating Bodies
Meteorology
Hydrology
Seismology
Volcanology
Scientific &
Engineering
Research
Local Gov’ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs
People
Geological and Geographical Similarities,
A similar range of Natural Disasters
How We Are Closely Connected
Mentally For Sure,
and Even Physically.
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
-Regional Planning
-Social Infrastructure Works
-Agriculture & Forestry
-Health & Sanitation
-Environment
Civil Protection &
Relief
National
Coordinating Bodies
Meteorology
Hydrology
Seismology
Volcanology
Scientific &
Engineering
Research
Local Gov’ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs
People
What We Are NOT Sure About …
Toward More Resilient
Countries Against Disasters
Dear all the participants of
The International Workshop on Sato-Umi
Thank you for your attention.
Shingo Kochi (kochi@emecs.or.jp)
・International Center for Environmental Management of
Enclosed Coastal Seas (EMECS)
・Hyogo Prefectural Government Official
4th International Workshop On Sato-Umi
Greetings from Hyogo, Japan
Greetings from Int’l EMECS Ctr
Kobe Earthquake in Jan. 1995
The Hanshin Awaji Earthquake 17.Jan.1995,
5:46am (M7.3)
3
Source: Hyogo Prefecture
Information and Telecommunication Room
Stricken by the Earthquake
Officials working at the former Disaster
Management Headquarter
5
International EMECS Center
(International Center for Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas)
Chairman of Board of Directors: Toshizo Ido (Governor of Hyogo Pref.)
Permanent Property: 12 million USD
Kobe Port
Seto Inland Sea
International EMECS Center was established in 1994 in Kobe, Japan.
It’s objectives shall be to construct an organized network linking governments,
researchers, private companies, citizens etc. in order to promote academic
exchanges on an international level and conduct research, conferences,
seminars, educational programs for conserving enclosed coastal sea
6
environments, re-constructing new ones and promoting sustainable society.
What’s Next : Integrating EMECS
Experience into Disaster-Resilient
Coastal Management
-- Strengthening Bilateral Cooperation
with Indonesia -5-6 October 2017
Jakarta, Indoensia
Shingo KOCHI (Mr.)
Director of
International Center for Environmental Management of
Enclosed Coastal Seas (EMECS)
International EMECS Center
(International Center for Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas)
Chairman of Board of Directors: Toshizo Ido (Governor of Hyogo Pref.)
Permanent Property: 12 million USD
Kobe Port
Seto Inland Sea
International EMECS Center was established in 1994 in Kobe, Japan.
It’s objectives shall be to construct an organized network linking governments,
researchers, private companies, citizens etc. in order to promote academic
exchanges on an international level and conduct research, conferences,
seminars, educational programs for conserving enclosed coastal sea
8
environments, re-constructing new ones and promoting sustainable society.
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
Earthquake and Tsunami (Mar 11. 2011)
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
What We Are NOT Sure About …
A Series of Earthquakes:
late “Edo” Period (1854.11-1855.10)
“Big Catfish Monster”
as an inducing factor, or a myth ?
Could NOT Expected “Unexpected”
Ansei Earthquake and a Tsunami
reached Osaka (Nov 5th, 1854)
Tsunamis from Pacific Ocean (Nov. 1854)
Kobe Earthquake in Jan. 1995
The Hanshin Awaji Earthquake 17.Jan.1995,
5:46am (M7.3)
19
Source: Hyogo Prefecture
Map of Japan
Kyoto
Miyagi Pre.
Osaka
Mt. Fuji
Hyogo
Tokyo
Nagasaki City
Okinawa
Brief Introduction of Hyogo
N
KYOTO
HYOGO
KOBE
OSAKA
Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
in 1995
HYOGO
Jan. 17, 1995
M
KOBE
7.3
Fires in urban districts
Damage to office buildings
Collapsed houses
Damage to railroads
Collapse of expressway viaducts
Most sources of ignition are redistributing power by the
electric utility company.
The blazes lasted in couple of days after the Earthquake
Summary of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Hansin Expressway Kobe Route
Date: 5:46 am, 17th of January,1995
Epicenter: Northern Awaji Island
(Southern part of Hyogo)
Scale: 7.3 on Richter Scale
Seismic intensity: 7 on the Japanese Scale
(Highest recorded in history
Called the Southern Hyogo Earthquake
Rokko and Awaji Island Faults
Damages
Dead: 6,434 people;
Missing: 3 people
Financial damage: about $ 100 billion
(about 50% of the Hyogo’s GDP)
Houses destroyed (completely and partially
destroyed): 250,000 (460,000 households)
Nagata Ward, Kobe City
Brief Introduction of Hyogo
N
KYOTO
HYOGO
KOBE
OSAKA
Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
in 1995
HYOGO
Jan. 17, 1995
M
KOBE
7.3
Japan’s Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
47 Prefectural Government
(Governor is elected by the residents)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.6 million
Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2016)
1,718 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
(as of 5 Oct 2017)
Hazards Confronting Vulnerable
Communities Cause Disasters
Disasters
Hazard
Vulnerability
(risk assessment)
(societal conditions)
Less Disasters
Disasters
Hazard
(risk assessment)
Vulnerability
(societal conditions)
35
・Risk Management
-- Risk Avoidance
-- Risk Reduction
-- Risk Transfer
Japan and Its Surroundings
Countermeasures taken in Japan
Structural measures
Sea walls, breakwater, dike,
storm surge barrier etc.
Non-structural measures
Tsunami early warning system,
Evacuation buildings,
Disaster education,
Seawalls against the tsunami
TEXT BOOK
For protecting both property and
human lives
For protecting human lives
High cost
Low cost
Construction period: Long
Implementation period: Short
38
Rebuilding Pre-existing Vulnerabilities
United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP)
A Tool for Building Back better
Building Back Better
United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP)
A Tool for Building Back better
Community Planning (overall land use planning)
Immediately after the Earthquake
(Nishinomiya City）
41
Community Planning (overall land use planning)
After Land Readjustment
(Nishinomiya City）
42
Reconstruction Image urban redevelopment project
43
Reconstruction Image Streetscape
Kobe City, immediate aftermath
After reconstruction
44
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters
-The Japanese Experience (persons)
The number of casualties and the missing caused by natural disasters in Japan
6481
6062
5868
Hanshin-Awaji
(Kobe)
Earthquake
4897
East Japan
EQ and
Tsunami
Approx. 15900
Ise-wan
Typhoon
1945
1950
1959
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000 2013 (year)
46
“Building Back Better in Japan”
Major changes of Regulation/Law
Year
1959
Regulation and Law to be revised
Ise-wan Typhoon
⇒Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961)
1978
Miyagi-ken oki Earthquake
1995
⇒Amendment of Building Standards Law (1981)
Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
⇒Minister for Disaster Management (2001)
⇒Act for Supporting Livelihood Recovery of
Victims (1999)
⇒Self-Defense Force to Ministry of Defense
Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act 1961
Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime
Minister
National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers &
Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors
Annual Gov’t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures
The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures
to the National Diet
Formulation of “National Basic Disaster Management Plan
for Disaster Prevention”
The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral)
The Local Disaster Management Plan
Designation of “Disaster Prevention Day”
Public Awareness Programs
48
The National Government
Financial Services
Agency
Cabinet Office
Cabinet
Cabinet Secretariat
Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications
National Public
Safety Commission
Fire and Disaster
Management Agency
Minister of State for
Disaster Management
Ministry of Justice
Minister of State for Regulatory
Reform, Administrative Reform,
Regional Revitalization and
Regional Government
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Minister of Economic
and Fiscal Policy
Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology
Minister of Okinawa and
Northern Territories Affairs,
Science and Technology Policy,
Innovation, Gender Equality,
Social Affairs and Food Safety
Ministry of Health,
Labor and Welfare
Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries
Forestry Agency
Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry
Japan Meteorological Agency
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
Japan Coast Guard
Ministry of the Environment
Geographical Survey Institute
Ministry of Defense
National Police
Agency
The Prime Minister is
the Head of the Cabinet and,
is the Chairman of the Central
Disaster Management Council
Organizational Chart of Central Disaster
Management Council.
Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunami in
Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011
Central Disaster Management Council
(March 26, 2013)
Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act 1961
Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime
Minister
National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers &
Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors
Annual Gov’t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures
The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures
to the National Diet
Formulation of “National Basic Disaster Management Plan
for Disaster Prevention”
The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral)
The Local Disaster Management Plan
Designation of “Disaster Prevention Day”
Public Awareness Programs
54
55
・Planning ahead--Steps after Disaster Response
-- Evacuation
-- Search and Rescue
-- Disaster Relief
-- Temporary Housing
-- Livelihood
-- Reconstruction
-- Recovery
Japan’s Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
47 Prefectural Government
(Governor is elected by the residents)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.6 million
Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2016)
1,718 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
(as of 5 October 2017)
・Search And Rescue Units In Japan
-- Ministry of Defense
-- Japan Coast Guard
-- Police Department
-- Fire Agency
Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunami in
Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Defense
(former Self-Defense Agency)
Japan Coast Guard
Police Department
Fire Agency
Japan’s Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
47 Prefectural Government
(Governor is elected by the residents)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.6 million
Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2016)
1,718 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
(as of 5 October 2017)
Disaster Drill
with New Initiatives
Disaster Drill
with New Initiatives
Evacuation Drill with New Initiatives
Evacuation Drill
(Tsunami Wave Evacuation Tower)
Tsunami Wave Evacuation Tower
For Wheelchair Accessible
New Challenges Produce New Ideas
(Bench in the playground will turn into…)
Countermeasure against Flooding
(Subway and Underground Shopping Mall)
Emergency Food with
New Initiatives
Recent Case: Earthquake and Tsunami in
Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011
73
Lessons Learned from 2011 EQ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Refugees” on return (Tokyo)
Nuclear Power Plant
Interruption of power supply
long-period ground motion
Public Relation, and Risk Communication
Infrastructure
Others
74
International EMECS Center
(International Center for Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas)
Chairman of Board of Directors: Toshizo Ido (Governor of Hyogo Pref.)
Permanent Property: 12 million USD
Kobe Port
Seto Inland Sea
International EMECS Center was established in 1994 in Kobe, Japan.
It’s objectives shall be to construct an organized network linking governments,
researchers, private companies, citizens etc. in order to promote academic
exchanges on an international level and conduct research, conferences,
seminars, educational programs for conserving enclosed coastal sea
75
environments, re-constructing new ones and promoting sustainable society.
History of EMECS
1971 Governors and Mayors’ Conference on the Environmental Protection
of the Set Inland Sea established
1973 Law on Temporary Measures for the Environmental Preservation of the
Seto Inland Sea established and promulgated
1976 Association for Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea
established
1987 A group, including Dr. Ian Morris from Maryland visited Japan to study
enclosed seas.
1990 1st EMECS Conference was held in Kobe, Japan
1993 2nd EMECS Conference was held in Baltimore, USA
1994 International EMECS Center was established
1997 3rd EMECS Conference was held in Stockholm, Sweden
----Red Tides
Whirlpool at Naruto Strait
Seto Inland Sea
Itsukushima Shrine
76
Enclosed Coastal Seas
77
Reclamation
Inflow of pollutants
Baltimore
Washington
D.C.
Mediterranean Sea (Turkey)
The Seto Inland Sea (Japan)
Tianjin
Dalian
Seoul
The Baltic Sea (Sweden)
Shanghai
The Yellow Sea (Photo: NASA)
Chesapeak Bay (USA)
78
Enclosed Coastal Seas in the World
North SeaBaltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Puget Bay
Chesapeake Bay
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Gulf of Thailand Bohai Sea Japan Sea
Seto Inland Sea
Suzuki (2013)
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EMECS Conferences
2nd (November 10-13, 1993)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Participants: 1,200 from 42 countries
9th (August 28-31, 2011)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Participants: 287 from 25 countries
1st (August 3-6, 1990)
Kobe, Japan
Participants: 1,200 from 42 countries
5th (November 19-22, 2001)
Kobe / Awaji, Japan
Participants: 1,140 from 40 countries
8th (October 27 - 30, 2008)
Shanghai, China
Participants: 470 from 37 countries
11th (August 21-27, 2016)
4th (November 9-12, 1999)
Antalya, Turkey
Participants: 300 from 50 countries
10th (October 30-November 3, 2013)
Marmaris, Turkey
Participants: 301 from 40 countries
7th (May 9-12, 2006)
Caen, France
Participants: 245 from 25 countries
St. Petersburg, Russia
6th (November 18-21, 2003)
Bangkok, Thailand
Participants: 600 from 23 countries
3rd (August 11-14, 1997)
Stockholm, Sweden
Participants: 1,000 from 80 countries
80
11th EMECS Conference
(EMECS11-SeaCoasts XXVI Joint Conference)
Date: 22 August - 27 August 2016
Venue: AZIMUT Hotel Saint-Petersburg, Russia
RSHU, VSEGEI
Theme: Managing Risks to Coastal Regions and
Communities in a Changing World
Contents: 2 Plenary session, 8 oral sessions, 1 poster session
Students & Schools Partnership (SSP) Session
Technical field trip City tour
St. Petersburg
Baltic Sea
The city experienced flood more than
300 times
St. Petersburg Flood Protection Barrier
has completed in 2011.
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ICM & Satoumi Special Session
■ Part 1: Introduction of Special Project in Japan
1. Tetsuo Yanagi (Introduction)
2. Tetsuji Okuda (Theme 1: Seto Inland Sea)
3. Teruhisa Komatsu (Theme 2: Sanriku Coast)
4. Takafumi Yoshida (Theme 3: Japan Sea)
5. Ken’ichi Nakagami (Theme 4: Social & Human Science)
■ Part 2: Case Studies Related to “ICM and Satoumi”
6. Keizo Negi (Japan)
7. Robert M. Summers (USA)
8. David A. Nemazie (Philippines)
9. Suhendar I. Sachoemar (Indonesia)
10. Ruben Kosyan (Russia)
■ General Discussion
82
Satoumi Activities by EMECS Center
1998 The Initial Proposal by prof. Tetsuo Yanagi
2005 Workshop on Ecosystem Management organized
by PEMSEA/MOMAF (Masan, Korea)
2006 EMECS7/ECSA40
(Caen, France)
(Satoyama - Satoumi)
2008 EMECS8
(Shanghai, China)
2009 Sato-Umi Workshop
in EAS-Congress (Manila, Philippines)
2011 Satoumi Special Session in EMECS9
(Baltimore, USA)
2013 Satoumi Special Session in EMECS10/
MEDCOAST2013
2014 The 2nd International Workshop on SatoumiGEMPITA SPL-GAPURA (Pekalongan, Indonesia)
2015 The 3rd International Workshop on SatoumiGEMPITA SPL-GAPURA (Jakarta, Indonesia)
83
3rd International WS on Satoumi
Poster presentations
•Session: Coastal erosion and dynamical processes in the nearshore zone (15)
•Session: Coastal systems and their dynamics
•(From coast to water and from water to coast) (13)
•Session: Climate change in the changing world.
Coastal adaptation to climate change (6)
•Session: Coastal and marine ecosystem: monitoring and modelling
Sub-S: Approaches to and issues of processes in the coastal areas modelling and
monitoring (10)
Sub-S: Study and monitoring of coastal and marine ecosystems (28)
Sub-S: Ecological sensitivity of coastal areas: anthropogenic loads and natural
disasters (14)
•Session: Sustainable use and development of coastal resources
Sub-S: Effective management and approaches (11)
Sub-S: Construction and exploitation of hydraulic engineering structures and
dredging in the coastal areas (3)
Sub-S: Legal and political issues of enclosed coastal
seas management (1)
•SSP Meeting Poster (15)
84
12th EMECS Conference
Thailand
In 4-8 November, 2018
85
86
EMECS 12
Organizer : The International EMECS Center
In Cooperation with :
The Royal Institute of Thailand
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya
Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Thailand Environment Institute
87
Research Project
Environment Research and Technology Development Fund S-13
(Ministry of Environment, JAPAN)
“Development of Coastal Management Method
to Realize the Sustainable Coastal Sea”
Head Researcher: Tetsuo Yanagi
Research period: FY 2014 – FY 2018
(1) Seto Inland Sea, the largest enclosed
coastal sea in Japan
(2) Sanriku Coast, which has a succession
of open inner bays such as Shizugawa
Bay
(3) Coastal areas of the Sea of Japan, an
international enclosed coastal sea
(4) Discussions regarding the societal and
humanities aspects
(5) Integrated numerical models for coastal
sea management will be established.
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88
Seminars and Workshops
Organizing or co-organizing EMECS Conferences,
EMECS International Seminars and Workshops etc.
Building international and interdisciplinary network
Researching measures to conserve coastal sea
environment and restore new ones.
Satoumi Workshop
EMECS International Seminar
EMECS Conference
89
Dissemination of Information
Collecting data relating to the current status for a
database of enclosed coastal sea environment
Publishing EMECS newsletter
Information exchange through website
EMECS Center website
EMECS newsletter
90
90
Educational and Training Activities
Conducting a training course of Integrated Water Management
for administrative officers in developing countries
Conducting educational programs for conservation of sea
environments
91
Location of Enclosed Coastal Seas
EMECS12
92
Again, Looking Backward….
A Series of Earthquakes:
late “Edo” Period (1854.11-1855.10)
“Big Catfish Monster”
as an inducing factor, or a myth ?
Tsunamis from Pacific Ocean (Nov. 1854)
What We Are NOT Sure About …
Earthquake and Tsunami (Mar 11. 2011)
The earthquake and Tsunami
Date and Time:
11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (5:46 GMT)
Type of earthquake:
Plate-boundary thrust-faulting earthquake
on
or near the Japan Trench
9.3msubduction
zone
Height of Tsunami Tide
epicenter
99
Damage from the Earthquake
•Damage was relatively small even though
the magnitude of the quake was over M 9.0
(JMA Intensity was also as big as that of
Hanshin-Big Earthquake.
Ichinoseki Sta, Iwate pref.
“Earthquake Early Warning
System” (Oct. 2007 to date)
“Know before the EQ occurs”,
And the icon is…..
A network of 97 EQ detectors functioned
15 seconds in advance.
27 bullet trains stopped. No casuality.
“Know before the EQ occurs”,
And the icon is…..
“Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day”
was designated (June 2011)
Memorial Days of Disasters in Japan
“Disaster Prevention Day”
Sep. 1959 (Ise-Wan Typhoon)
→1 Sep. 1923 (Tokyo EQ)
“Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day”
11 March,2011 (Japan EQ & Tsunami)
→ 5 Nov. 1854 (Ansei EQ & Tsunami)
Not March 11, but November 5.
Today’s status of “Catfish”
(2017)
Today’s status of “Catfish”
(2017)
Today’s status of “Catfish”
(2017)
Culture of Disaster Prevention,
Culture of Safety
How Can We Make Our People Fear ?
-- Japan National Broadcasting Corp. Changed its
Risk Communication Method on March 2012 --
・Culture of Prevention
・Culture of Safety
-Regional Planning
-Social Infrastructure Works
-Agriculture & Forestry
-Health & Sanitation
-Environment
Civil Protection &
Relief
National
Coordinating Bodies
Meteorology
Hydrology
Seismology
Volcanology
Scientific &
Engineering
Research
Local Gov’ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs
People
Geological and Geographical Similarities,
A similar range of Natural Disasters
How We Are Closely Connected
Mentally For Sure,
and Even Physically.
・Natural Disasters
-- Weather-Related Disasters
(Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood…)
-- Sudden Disasters
(Earthquake, Volcanoes…)
Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ)
-- Trench-type EQ)
・Manmade Disasters
-Regional Planning
-Social Infrastructure Works
-Agriculture & Forestry
-Health & Sanitation
-Environment
Civil Protection &
Relief
National
Coordinating Bodies
Meteorology
Hydrology
Seismology
Volcanology
Scientific &
Engineering
Research
Local Gov’ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs
People
What We Are NOT Sure About …
Toward More Resilient
Countries Against Disasters
Dear all the participants of
The International Workshop on Sato-Umi
Thank you for your attention.
Shingo Kochi (kochi@emecs.or.jp)
・International Center for Environmental Management of
Enclosed Coastal Seas (EMECS)
・Hyogo Prefectural Government Official