Motifs Of Woman Emancipation In Abidah El Khalieqy’s Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban And Hendrik Ibsen’s Play A Doll’s House: A Comparative Literature Study
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Analysis
Theory of Literature describes various aspects of literary theory, criticism,
and history. After defining various aspects and relationships of literature in general,
Wellek and Warren (1964: 94) states “literature is said to be creative, an art”. So it is
clear that literature is a creation of an author made into the beauty of art writing.
Wellek and Warren divide analysis of literature based on two approaches: extrinsic,
relating to factors outside a work such as the author and society, and intrinsic,
relating to factors within such as rhythm and meter. They stress the need to focus on
the intrinsic elements of a work as the best way to truly understand it.
Literature has three genres, namely prose, poetry and drama. Prose is a
fictitious narrative kind of writing. In general, this is called novel. Poetry is
meaningful arrangement of words. Drama is fictitious represented in performance.
They have much in common but different in expressing idea, style and others. Novel
as a literary work provides the readers reflection reality of human life through beauty
of art writing. As Taylor (1981:46) state, “a novel is a normally a quite length of
complexity which attempt to reflect and express something of the quality of value of
human experience”, it means that a novel is made by the author to express their idea
about something based on their experience or people’s experience around them.
The literary device ‘motif’ is any element, subject, idea or concept that is
constantly present through the entire body of literature. Using a motif refers to the
repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work. Motifs are very
1
noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of
events
and
the
very
fabric
of
the
literary
piece,
(http://literary-
devices.com/content/motif accessed on February 02, 2015).
Through motifs will be found the theme of the story, because motifs are smallest
element of the story and this is repeated in the story. Through its repetition, a motif
can help produce other literary aspects such as theme or mood.
In the literary works, many of motifs that can be described, for example love,
education, social class, emancipation etc,but this thesis be focus to emancipation of
woman. Many of literary works has theme about woman emancipation. In our
environment, has been found many culture made a different of woman and man.
When woman get the education, job and make decision is always number two. Many
of problem that was gotten by woman because of the culture which make them
number two.
Emancipation of woman often is said by feminist, it generally self-defines as
advocating for or supporting the rights and equality of women. It is natural that every
human want to get their right so many of group or organization want to support the
emancipation of woman, but not only that,many of the authors also make a literary
work to support emancipation of woman. For example Perempuan berkalung Sorban
and A doll’s House.That is why the writer wants compare about the two literary
works.
Comparative literature is the study of inter-relationship between any two or
more than two significant literary works or literatures. It is essential that while
making comparative study we must take the sources, themes, motif, myths, forms,
2
artistic strategies, social and religious movements and trends into consideration.
Comparative study has been based on literary movements, periods and lines of
influence, as well as on genres, themes, myths, and legends. In recent years
comparative literature has come to include the comparison of literature with other
areas of human experience.
The definition of comparative literature given by Bijay Kumar Dass is very as
follows:
The simple way to define comparative literature is to say
that it is a comparison between the two literatures.
Comparative literature analyses the similarities
anddissimilarities and parallels between two literatures. It
further studies themes, motifs, modes, conventions and use
of folk tales, myths in two different literatures or even
more.
When studying about comparative literature, having get how to analyze the
literary works. To compare the literary works must beknow the culture, history and
intrinsic element of literature works so that the both novels can be compared. But in
this thesis the writer want to analysis about intrinsic element of the novels. The
novels were chosenbecause there are same themes of both of the literary work
namely “Woman Emancipation”
Furthermore, this thesis is focused on term of social stratification reflected in
Perempuan berkalung Sorban and A Doll’s House. The both of literary works are
about Woman Emancipation is also the most well known when it was published. It is
portrayal of a particular social stratification. This novel portrays woman position in
such away which make the writer chooses both of novels to be analyzed.
3
1.2 Problems of Analysis
During the process of analysis, it is important to make the specification of
problems that are going to be analyzed in order to avoid the ambiguity of the analysis
and to support the writer to get clear description about the object of analysis itself.
So in this analysis, writer finds and decides some problems that needed to
answer further. They are:
1. What are the differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
2. What are the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
1.3 Objectives of Analysis
Objectives of analysis are the statements about activities and objects that are
going to be analyzed based on the problem of analysis. The writer holds on these
objectives in doing the analysis. There are two objectives found in this analysis, they
are:
1. To find differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works
2. To find the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works
1.4 Significance of Analysis
This thesis is intended to be helpful to understand more about both of literary
worksPerempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy and A Doll’s House by
Hendrik Ibsen. Having read this thesis, the readers are expected to find the
differences and similarities of woman emancipation in the two novels, namely
Western and Eastern, because the both of novels were taken from two countries. The
4
writer hopes this analysis would be useful to readers to enlarge their knowledge
especially for literature student who have interest in this analysis namely about
woman stratification and know how the differences of the both literary works, the
writer also hope from this analysis the reader especially a woman can learn about the
weakness and the strength of the woman in that novels so that can face the
environment which still has a strong culture about the position of woman.
1.5 Scope of Analysis
In doing this research, the writer has to restrict the fields that are going to be
analyzed in order to make sure that the analysis still stays in track. It also helps the
writer choose which factors can be categorized into range of the study and which can
not. Therefore, this thesis focused on term social stratification namely position of
woman, finding the similarity and differences character of woman which found in
novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and A Doll’s House by comparing the both
literary works by intrinsic unsure.
5
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Analysis
Theory of Literature describes various aspects of literary theory, criticism,
and history. After defining various aspects and relationships of literature in general,
Wellek and Warren (1964: 94) states “literature is said to be creative, an art”. So it is
clear that literature is a creation of an author made into the beauty of art writing.
Wellek and Warren divide analysis of literature based on two approaches: extrinsic,
relating to factors outside a work such as the author and society, and intrinsic,
relating to factors within such as rhythm and meter. They stress the need to focus on
the intrinsic elements of a work as the best way to truly understand it.
Literature has three genres, namely prose, poetry and drama. Prose is a
fictitious narrative kind of writing. In general, this is called novel. Poetry is
meaningful arrangement of words. Drama is fictitious represented in performance.
They have much in common but different in expressing idea, style and others. Novel
as a literary work provides the readers reflection reality of human life through beauty
of art writing. As Taylor (1981:46) state, “a novel is a normally a quite length of
complexity which attempt to reflect and express something of the quality of value of
human experience”, it means that a novel is made by the author to express their idea
about something based on their experience or people’s experience around them.
The literary device ‘motif’ is any element, subject, idea or concept that is
constantly present through the entire body of literature. Using a motif refers to the
repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work. Motifs are very
1
noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of
events
and
the
very
fabric
of
the
literary
piece,
(http://literary-
devices.com/content/motif accessed on February 02, 2015).
Through motifs will be found the theme of the story, because motifs are smallest
element of the story and this is repeated in the story. Through its repetition, a motif
can help produce other literary aspects such as theme or mood.
In the literary works, many of motifs that can be described, for example love,
education, social class, emancipation etc,but this thesis be focus to emancipation of
woman. Many of literary works has theme about woman emancipation. In our
environment, has been found many culture made a different of woman and man.
When woman get the education, job and make decision is always number two. Many
of problem that was gotten by woman because of the culture which make them
number two.
Emancipation of woman often is said by feminist, it generally self-defines as
advocating for or supporting the rights and equality of women. It is natural that every
human want to get their right so many of group or organization want to support the
emancipation of woman, but not only that,many of the authors also make a literary
work to support emancipation of woman. For example Perempuan berkalung Sorban
and A doll’s House.That is why the writer wants compare about the two literary
works.
Comparative literature is the study of inter-relationship between any two or
more than two significant literary works or literatures. It is essential that while
making comparative study we must take the sources, themes, motif, myths, forms,
2
artistic strategies, social and religious movements and trends into consideration.
Comparative study has been based on literary movements, periods and lines of
influence, as well as on genres, themes, myths, and legends. In recent years
comparative literature has come to include the comparison of literature with other
areas of human experience.
The definition of comparative literature given by Bijay Kumar Dass is very as
follows:
The simple way to define comparative literature is to say
that it is a comparison between the two literatures.
Comparative literature analyses the similarities
anddissimilarities and parallels between two literatures. It
further studies themes, motifs, modes, conventions and use
of folk tales, myths in two different literatures or even
more.
When studying about comparative literature, having get how to analyze the
literary works. To compare the literary works must beknow the culture, history and
intrinsic element of literature works so that the both novels can be compared. But in
this thesis the writer want to analysis about intrinsic element of the novels. The
novels were chosenbecause there are same themes of both of the literary work
namely “Woman Emancipation”
Furthermore, this thesis is focused on term of social stratification reflected in
Perempuan berkalung Sorban and A Doll’s House. The both of literary works are
about Woman Emancipation is also the most well known when it was published. It is
portrayal of a particular social stratification. This novel portrays woman position in
such away which make the writer chooses both of novels to be analyzed.
3
1.2 Problems of Analysis
During the process of analysis, it is important to make the specification of
problems that are going to be analyzed in order to avoid the ambiguity of the analysis
and to support the writer to get clear description about the object of analysis itself.
So in this analysis, writer finds and decides some problems that needed to
answer further. They are:
1. What are the differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
2. What are the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
1.3 Objectives of Analysis
Objectives of analysis are the statements about activities and objects that are
going to be analyzed based on the problem of analysis. The writer holds on these
objectives in doing the analysis. There are two objectives found in this analysis, they
are:
1. To find differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works
2. To find the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works
1.4 Significance of Analysis
This thesis is intended to be helpful to understand more about both of literary
worksPerempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy and A Doll’s House by
Hendrik Ibsen. Having read this thesis, the readers are expected to find the
differences and similarities of woman emancipation in the two novels, namely
Western and Eastern, because the both of novels were taken from two countries. The
4
writer hopes this analysis would be useful to readers to enlarge their knowledge
especially for literature student who have interest in this analysis namely about
woman stratification and know how the differences of the both literary works, the
writer also hope from this analysis the reader especially a woman can learn about the
weakness and the strength of the woman in that novels so that can face the
environment which still has a strong culture about the position of woman.
1.5 Scope of Analysis
In doing this research, the writer has to restrict the fields that are going to be
analyzed in order to make sure that the analysis still stays in track. It also helps the
writer choose which factors can be categorized into range of the study and which can
not. Therefore, this thesis focused on term social stratification namely position of
woman, finding the similarity and differences character of woman which found in
novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and A Doll’s House by comparing the both
literary works by intrinsic unsure.
5