An Analysis Of Transitivity Process And The Schematic Structure Of News Item In Selected News Of Voa News
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND THE SCHEMATIC
STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
A THESIS
BY:
NAZLIA
REG. NO. 100705061
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND THE SCHEMATIC
STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
A THESIS
BY
NAZLIA
REG. NO. 100705061
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum
NIP. 195706261983032001
NIP. 195904191981022001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on 10th July 2014.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
……………………………….
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NAZLIA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS
EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR
EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I
HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER
PERSON’S
WORK
HAS
BEEN
USED
WITHOUT
DUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date : 6th June 2014
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NAZLIA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND
THE SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN
SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : 6th June 2014
6
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, I would like to thank God, the
almighty for His blessing and mercy in guiding me to accomplish this thesis under a
title “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic Structure of News Item
in Selected News of VOA News” as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
(S.S.) in Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera
Utara.
First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana
Lubis, M.Hum and co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum for their guidance,
support, constructive comments and immense knowledge during the writing of this
thesis.
My sincere thanks also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, the Head and the
Secretary of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D, and to all of the lecturers and staffs of English Department for
the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty.
My special thanks are expressed to my family: my beloved parents, (Khatimul
Asyam and Ratna Kumala Nasution), and my younger brother and sister,
(Muhammad Khair and Shufiatul Ihda), for their love, supports and attentions to me.
They are my great motivators to accomplish this thesis.
I would also like to express my big thanks to my best friends, Erika, Emil,
Irene, Putri and Yanti, for their supports and our togetherness for four years in
studying in this faculty. My big thanks also goes to all of my friends of the year
i7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2010, especially for Fani, Grace, Christine and Pince who have given me supports
and helps to accomplish this thesis.
Finally, the writer has to admit that this thesis is far from being perfect. Thus
any comments, suggestions, and criticisms will be humbly accepted.
May Allah SWT blesses us. Amin.
Medan, June 2014
Nazlia
100705061
ii
8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic
Structure of News Item in Selected News of VOA News” yang berisi kajian tentang
proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika teks berita pada lima berita dengan topik
yang berbeda yang dipublikasikan oleh VOA (Voice of America) melalui web resmi
mereka di www.voanews.com.
Analisis ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan metode analisis data yang
diterapkan adalah metode analisis data kualitatif. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan
menganalisis setiap klausa sederhana pada teks untuk menentukan proses-proses
yang terjadi pada klausa-klausa tersebut. Kemudian, menemukan apakah proses
transitivitasnya mendukung topik dari kelima berita tersebut. Selain itu, setiap teks
berita dianalisis secara keseluruhan untuk menentukan struktur skematika pada teksteks tersebut. Analisis ini menerapkan Teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik yang
dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985:101) dan model analisis struktur skematika teks berita
dari Gerot dan Wignell (1994:200).
Hasil analisis data yang ditemukan adalah kelima berita tersebut dibentuk oleh
dominasi proses transitivitas yang berbeda-beda. Selain itu, proses transitivitasnya
mendukung topik dari kelima berita tersebut. Pada topik tentang hiburan, urutan
proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, mental, verbal, existential dan
behavioural. Pada topik tentang politik, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu:
material, relational, verbal dan existential. Pada topik tentang ilmu pengetahuan dan
tekhnologi, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, verbal dan
mental. Pada topik tentang bisnis, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material,
verbal, mental dan relational. Pada topik tentang hubungan Amerika-Timur Tengah,
urutan proses-proses yang terjadi, yaitu: material, relational, verbal, mental dan
exitential.
Empat dari lima berita tersebut disusun dengan skematika yang lengkap, yaitu:
Newsworthy Event, Background Events dan Sources. Namun, berita dengan topik
tentang hiburan tidak memiliki bagian skematika teks berita yang disebut Sources.
Kata Kunci: Teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik, Proses Transitivitas, Teks Berita,
Struktur Skematika.
iii
9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic
Structure of News Item in Selected News of VOA News” which talks about
transitivity process and the schematic structure of news item in five news with
different topics which were published by VOA through their official website in
www.voanews.com.
This analysis applied qualitative method and the data analysis method applied
qualitative data analysis method. This analysis was done by analyzing every simple
clause of the text to identify the transitivity processes. Then, to find out whether the
transitivity process supports the topics of the five news. Beside that, the whole text of
every news was analyzed to identify the schematic structure of the news. This
analysis applied Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory (SFLT) which is proposed
by Halliday (1985:101) and the schematic structure analysis model of Gerot and
Wignell (1994:200).
This analysis found that the five news are constructed by the different domination of
transitivity process. Beside that, the transitivity process supports the topics of the five
news. In the topic of entertaiment, the positions of the processes are: material,
relational, mental, verbal, existential and behavioural. In the topic of politic, the
positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal and existential. In the topic
of science and technology, the positions of the processes are: material, relational,
verbal and mental. In the topic of business, the positions of the processes are:
material, verbal, mental and relational. In the topic of America-Middle East
relationship, the positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal, mental
and existential.
Four of the five news are constructed by complete schematic structure: Newsworthy
Event, Background Events and Sources. However, a news about entertaiment has no
part of schematic structure which is called as Sources.
Key words: SFLT, Transitivity Process, News Item, Schematic Structure
iv
10
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study ................................................... 1
1.2
Problems of the Study........................................................ 9
1.3
Objectives of the Study...................................................... 9
1.4
Scope of the Study ............................................................. 9
1.5
Significances of the Study ............................................... 10
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Theoretical Framework.................................................... 11
2.1.1
An Overview of Discourse Analysis ............................... 11
2.1.2
Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) ............................. 12
2.1.3
Metafunctions of Language ............................................. 14
2.1.3.1 Ideational Function .......................................................... 14
2.1.3.2 Interpersonal Function ..................................................... 15
2.1.3.3 Textual Function .............................................................. 16
2.2
Transitivity System .......................................................... 17
2.2.1
Process Types of Transitivity .......................................... 18
2.2.1.1 Material Process .............................................................. 18
2.2.1.2 Mental Process ................................................................. 20
v
11
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.1.3 Relational Process............................................................ 21
2.2.1.4 Behavioural Process ........................................................ 24
2.2.1.5 Verbal Process ................................................................. 25
2.2.1.6 Existential Process ........................................................... 26
2.2.2
Participants ...................................................................... 26
2.2.3
Circumstances .................................................................. 27
2.3
News Item ........................................................................ 29
2.3.1
Schematic Structure of News Item .................................. 30
2.4
Relevant Studies .............................................................. 32
CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1
Research Method ............................................................. 34
3.2
Data and Data Source ...................................................... 34
3.3
Data Collecting Method................................................... 35
3.4
Data Analysis Method ..................................................... 36
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1
Analysis ........................................................................... 38
4.1.1
Analysis of Transitivity Process ...................................... 38
4.1.2
Analysis of Schematic Structure...................................... 56
4.2
Findings ........................................................................... 63
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
Conclusions ..................................................................... 70
5.2
Suggestions ...................................................................... 72
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 73
APPENDIX I : TRANSITIVITY PROCESS
APPENDIX II : THE FIVE SELECTED NEWS
vi
12
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Participants List in Transitivity System ................................................ 27
Table 4.1
The Sample of Creative Type of Material Process ............................... 39
Table 4.2
The Sample of Dispositive Type of Material Process .......................... 41
Table 4.3
The Sample of Perception Type of Mental Process .............................. 43
Table 4.4
The Sample of Affection Type of Mental Process ............................... 44
Table 4.5
The Sample of Cognition Type of Mental Process ............................... 45
Table 4.6
The Sample of Attributive Process ....................................................... 47
Table 4.7
The Sample of Identifying Process ....................................................... 48
Table 4.8
The Sample of Intensive Type of Relational Process ........................... 49
Table 4.9
The Sample of Possessive Type of Relational Process ......................... 51
Table 4.10
The Sample of Circumstancial Type of Relational Process ................. 52
Table 4.11
The Sample of Behavioural Process ..................................................... 53
Table 4.12
The Sample of Verbal Process .............................................................. 53
Table 4.13
The Sample of Existential Process........................................................ 55
Table 4.14
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 1 ................................ 63
Table 4.15
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 2 ................................ 64
Table 4.16
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 3 ................................ 66
Table 4.17
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 4 ................................ 67
Table 4.18
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 5 ................................ 68
vii
13
Universitas Sumatera Utara
STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
A THESIS
BY:
NAZLIA
REG. NO. 100705061
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND THE SCHEMATIC
STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
A THESIS
BY
NAZLIA
REG. NO. 100705061
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum
NIP. 195706261983032001
NIP. 195904191981022001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on 10th July 2014.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
……………………………….
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NAZLIA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS
EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR
EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I
HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER
PERSON’S
WORK
HAS
BEEN
USED
WITHOUT
DUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date : 6th June 2014
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NAZLIA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND
THE SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN
SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : 6th June 2014
6
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, I would like to thank God, the
almighty for His blessing and mercy in guiding me to accomplish this thesis under a
title “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic Structure of News Item
in Selected News of VOA News” as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
(S.S.) in Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera
Utara.
First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana
Lubis, M.Hum and co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum for their guidance,
support, constructive comments and immense knowledge during the writing of this
thesis.
My sincere thanks also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, the Head and the
Secretary of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D, and to all of the lecturers and staffs of English Department for
the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty.
My special thanks are expressed to my family: my beloved parents, (Khatimul
Asyam and Ratna Kumala Nasution), and my younger brother and sister,
(Muhammad Khair and Shufiatul Ihda), for their love, supports and attentions to me.
They are my great motivators to accomplish this thesis.
I would also like to express my big thanks to my best friends, Erika, Emil,
Irene, Putri and Yanti, for their supports and our togetherness for four years in
studying in this faculty. My big thanks also goes to all of my friends of the year
i7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2010, especially for Fani, Grace, Christine and Pince who have given me supports
and helps to accomplish this thesis.
Finally, the writer has to admit that this thesis is far from being perfect. Thus
any comments, suggestions, and criticisms will be humbly accepted.
May Allah SWT blesses us. Amin.
Medan, June 2014
Nazlia
100705061
ii
8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic
Structure of News Item in Selected News of VOA News” yang berisi kajian tentang
proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika teks berita pada lima berita dengan topik
yang berbeda yang dipublikasikan oleh VOA (Voice of America) melalui web resmi
mereka di www.voanews.com.
Analisis ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan metode analisis data yang
diterapkan adalah metode analisis data kualitatif. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan
menganalisis setiap klausa sederhana pada teks untuk menentukan proses-proses
yang terjadi pada klausa-klausa tersebut. Kemudian, menemukan apakah proses
transitivitasnya mendukung topik dari kelima berita tersebut. Selain itu, setiap teks
berita dianalisis secara keseluruhan untuk menentukan struktur skematika pada teksteks tersebut. Analisis ini menerapkan Teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik yang
dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985:101) dan model analisis struktur skematika teks berita
dari Gerot dan Wignell (1994:200).
Hasil analisis data yang ditemukan adalah kelima berita tersebut dibentuk oleh
dominasi proses transitivitas yang berbeda-beda. Selain itu, proses transitivitasnya
mendukung topik dari kelima berita tersebut. Pada topik tentang hiburan, urutan
proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, mental, verbal, existential dan
behavioural. Pada topik tentang politik, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu:
material, relational, verbal dan existential. Pada topik tentang ilmu pengetahuan dan
tekhnologi, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, verbal dan
mental. Pada topik tentang bisnis, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material,
verbal, mental dan relational. Pada topik tentang hubungan Amerika-Timur Tengah,
urutan proses-proses yang terjadi, yaitu: material, relational, verbal, mental dan
exitential.
Empat dari lima berita tersebut disusun dengan skematika yang lengkap, yaitu:
Newsworthy Event, Background Events dan Sources. Namun, berita dengan topik
tentang hiburan tidak memiliki bagian skematika teks berita yang disebut Sources.
Kata Kunci: Teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik, Proses Transitivitas, Teks Berita,
Struktur Skematika.
iii
9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic
Structure of News Item in Selected News of VOA News” which talks about
transitivity process and the schematic structure of news item in five news with
different topics which were published by VOA through their official website in
www.voanews.com.
This analysis applied qualitative method and the data analysis method applied
qualitative data analysis method. This analysis was done by analyzing every simple
clause of the text to identify the transitivity processes. Then, to find out whether the
transitivity process supports the topics of the five news. Beside that, the whole text of
every news was analyzed to identify the schematic structure of the news. This
analysis applied Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory (SFLT) which is proposed
by Halliday (1985:101) and the schematic structure analysis model of Gerot and
Wignell (1994:200).
This analysis found that the five news are constructed by the different domination of
transitivity process. Beside that, the transitivity process supports the topics of the five
news. In the topic of entertaiment, the positions of the processes are: material,
relational, mental, verbal, existential and behavioural. In the topic of politic, the
positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal and existential. In the topic
of science and technology, the positions of the processes are: material, relational,
verbal and mental. In the topic of business, the positions of the processes are:
material, verbal, mental and relational. In the topic of America-Middle East
relationship, the positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal, mental
and existential.
Four of the five news are constructed by complete schematic structure: Newsworthy
Event, Background Events and Sources. However, a news about entertaiment has no
part of schematic structure which is called as Sources.
Key words: SFLT, Transitivity Process, News Item, Schematic Structure
iv
10
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study ................................................... 1
1.2
Problems of the Study........................................................ 9
1.3
Objectives of the Study...................................................... 9
1.4
Scope of the Study ............................................................. 9
1.5
Significances of the Study ............................................... 10
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Theoretical Framework.................................................... 11
2.1.1
An Overview of Discourse Analysis ............................... 11
2.1.2
Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) ............................. 12
2.1.3
Metafunctions of Language ............................................. 14
2.1.3.1 Ideational Function .......................................................... 14
2.1.3.2 Interpersonal Function ..................................................... 15
2.1.3.3 Textual Function .............................................................. 16
2.2
Transitivity System .......................................................... 17
2.2.1
Process Types of Transitivity .......................................... 18
2.2.1.1 Material Process .............................................................. 18
2.2.1.2 Mental Process ................................................................. 20
v
11
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.1.3 Relational Process............................................................ 21
2.2.1.4 Behavioural Process ........................................................ 24
2.2.1.5 Verbal Process ................................................................. 25
2.2.1.6 Existential Process ........................................................... 26
2.2.2
Participants ...................................................................... 26
2.2.3
Circumstances .................................................................. 27
2.3
News Item ........................................................................ 29
2.3.1
Schematic Structure of News Item .................................. 30
2.4
Relevant Studies .............................................................. 32
CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1
Research Method ............................................................. 34
3.2
Data and Data Source ...................................................... 34
3.3
Data Collecting Method................................................... 35
3.4
Data Analysis Method ..................................................... 36
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1
Analysis ........................................................................... 38
4.1.1
Analysis of Transitivity Process ...................................... 38
4.1.2
Analysis of Schematic Structure...................................... 56
4.2
Findings ........................................................................... 63
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
Conclusions ..................................................................... 70
5.2
Suggestions ...................................................................... 72
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 73
APPENDIX I : TRANSITIVITY PROCESS
APPENDIX II : THE FIVE SELECTED NEWS
vi
12
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Participants List in Transitivity System ................................................ 27
Table 4.1
The Sample of Creative Type of Material Process ............................... 39
Table 4.2
The Sample of Dispositive Type of Material Process .......................... 41
Table 4.3
The Sample of Perception Type of Mental Process .............................. 43
Table 4.4
The Sample of Affection Type of Mental Process ............................... 44
Table 4.5
The Sample of Cognition Type of Mental Process ............................... 45
Table 4.6
The Sample of Attributive Process ....................................................... 47
Table 4.7
The Sample of Identifying Process ....................................................... 48
Table 4.8
The Sample of Intensive Type of Relational Process ........................... 49
Table 4.9
The Sample of Possessive Type of Relational Process ......................... 51
Table 4.10
The Sample of Circumstancial Type of Relational Process ................. 52
Table 4.11
The Sample of Behavioural Process ..................................................... 53
Table 4.12
The Sample of Verbal Process .............................................................. 53
Table 4.13
The Sample of Existential Process........................................................ 55
Table 4.14
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 1 ................................ 63
Table 4.15
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 2 ................................ 64
Table 4.16
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 3 ................................ 66
Table 4.17
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 4 ................................ 67
Table 4.18
The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 5 ................................ 68
vii
13
Universitas Sumatera Utara