Aktivitas Enzim Protease Isolat Bakteri Termofilik Dari Beberapa Sumber Air Panas Di Sumatera Utara
Ahmed, S.A., Saleh, S.A. and Abdel-Fattah, A.F. 2007. Stabilization of Bacillus
licheniformis ATCC 21415 Alkaline Protease by Immobilization and
Modification.Australian J.Basic and Appl. Sci.1(3): 313-317.
Akhdiya, A. 2003.Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Enzim
Termostabil.Biologi Plasma Nutfah.9(2): 38-44.
Protease
Alkalin
Apriyantono, A., Fardiaz, D., Puspitasari, N.L., Sedarnawati dan Budiyanto, S.
1989.Analisis Pangan. Bogor: Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi,
IPB.
Ardhana, M.M., Kusumawati, D. dan Radiati L.E. 1995. Pengaruh Penggunaan
Yogurt Komersial dan Enzim Rennet Mucor meihei Terhadap Kualitas Keju
Cottage. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 10: 24-29.
Baehaki, A.Suhartono, M.T., Palupi, N.S. dan Nurhayati, T.2008. Purifikasi dan
Karakterisasi Protease dari Bakteri Patogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.J.
Teknol.Industri Pangan. 19 (1): 80-86.
Baehaki, A. Rinto dan Budiman, A. 2011.Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Protease dari
Bakteri Tanah Rawa Indralaya,Sumatera Selatan.J. Teknol. Industri Pangan.
12(1):37-42.
Barton, H.A. and Luiszer, F. 2005. Microbial Metabolic Structure in A Sulfidic
Cave Hot Spring: Potential Mechanisms of Biospeleogenesis. J. Cave and
Karst Studies67(1): 28-38.
Beg, Q.K. and Gupta, R. 2003. Purification and Characterization of An OxidationStable, Thiol-Dependent Serine Alkaline Protease from Bacillus
mojavensis.Enzyme Microb Technol. 32: 294-304.
Brock, T.D. 1986. Thermophiles: General, Molecular and Applied Microbiology.
Departement of Bacteriology 1550.Linden Drive University of WinconsinMadison, Winconsin 53705 USA.Publ. Jhon Willey and Son.
Cai, C., Lou, B. and Zheng, X. 2008. Keratinase Production and Keratin
Degradation by A Mutant Strain of Bacillus subtilis.J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.
9(1): 60-67.
Capuccino, J.G. and Sherman, N. 1983.Microbiology a Laboratory Manual.4th
edition. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Hlm. 132.
Cortezi, M., Contiero, J., Lima, C.J.B., Lovaglio, R.B. and Monti, R.
2008.Characterization of A Feather Degrading by Bacillus
Universitas Sumatera Utara
amyloliquefaciens Protease: A New Strain. World J. Agricultural Sci.4(5):
648-656.
De Rossa, M., Gambacorta, A.and Gliozzi, A. 1986.Structure, Biosynthesis
andPhysicochemichal
Properties
of
Archaebacterial
Lipids.Microbiol.Rev.50: 70-80.
Everly, C. and Alberto, J. 2000. Stressors, Stress and Survival: Overview. Front
Bioscience. 5: 780–786.
Fardiaz, S. 1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan 1. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Fitri, S.G.S., Mubarak, N.R. dan Prawasti, S.T. 2005. Produksi dan Karakterisasi
Protease Ekstraseluler Bacillus sp. BKU-10 yang Diisolasi dari Saluran
Pencernaan Epinephelus tauvina. J. Mikrobiol. Indones. 10(1): 9-13.
Glover, T. and Mitchell, K. 2002.An Introduction to Biostatistics.New York:
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Gupta, R., Gupta, K., Saxena, R.K and Khan, S. 1999. Bleach-Satble Alkalin
Protease from Bacillus sp. J. Biotechnol. 1: 135-138.
Gupta, R. and Ramnani, P. 2006. Microbial Keratinases and Their Prospective
Applications: An Overview. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.70: 21-33.
Hawumba, J.F., Theron, J. and Brozel, V.S. 2002. Thermophilic ProteaseProducing Geobacillus from Buranga Hot Springs in Western
Uganda.Curr.Microbiol.45: 144-150.
Hidayat, N., Padaga, M.C. dan Suhartini, S. 2006. Mikrobiologi Industri.
Yogyakarta: Andi Press.
Huang, G., Ying, T., Huo, P. and Jiang, J. 2006. Purification and Characterization
of A Protease from Thermophilic bacillus strain HS08. Afr. J. Biotechnol.
5(24): 2433-2438.
Hoq, M.M., Siddiquee, K.A.Z., Kawasaki, H. and Seki, T. 2005. Keratinolytic
Activity of Some Newly Isolated Bacillus Species. J. Bio. Sci. 5(2):193-200.
Johnvesly, B. and Naik, G.R. 2001. Studies on Production of Thermostable
Alkaline Protease from Thermophilic and Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99 in
A Chemically Defined Medium. ProcessBiochem.37: 139-144.
Joshi, S.G., Tejashwini, M.M., Revati, N.; Sridevi, R. and Roma, D. 2007.Isolation,
Identification and Characterazation of A Feather Degrading Bacterium. Int.
J. Poultry Sci. 6(9): 689-693.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kamelia, R., Sindurmata, M. dan Dessy, N. 2005. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Protease
Intraselular Termostabil dari Bakteri Bacillus stearothermophillus RP1.
Seminar Nasional MIPA 2005 Universitas Indonesia.
Khusniati, T. dan Nurmalia, I. 2010. Aktivitas protease Pseudomonas fluorescens
dalamMendegradasi protein pada susu pasteurisasiSelama penyimpanan.
Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner.
Korkmaz, H., Hur, H. and Dincer, S. 2004. Characterization of Alkaline Keratinase
of Bacillus licheniformis strain HK-1 from Poultry Waste. Annals
Microbiol.54(2): 201-211.
Kosim, M. dan Surya, R.P. 2010.Pengaruh Suhu pada Protease dari Bacillus
subtilis.Fakultas MIPA ITS, Surabaya.
Kumar, S. and Nussinov, R.2001. How Do Thermophilic Proteins Deal with
Heat.Cell Mol. Life Sci.58(9):1216-1233.
Lay, B.W. 1994. Analisa Mikroba di Laboratorium. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan
Pertama. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Lee, J. M. 1992. Biochemical Engineering.Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey.
Lehninger, A. L. 1998. Biochemistry.New York : Academic Press.
Lubis, R. 2003. Penentuan Aktivitas Enzim Protease dari Ekstrak Jeroan Ikan Mas
(Cyprinus carpio L) Terhadap Hidrolisa Bovin Serum Albumin.Skripsi
Departemen Kimia FMIPA USU.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein
Measurement With the Folin Phenol Reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193(1): 265275.
Madigan, M.T. and Marrs, B.L., 1997. Extremophiles.Sci. Am.276(4):66–71
McGilvery, R.W. and Goldstein, G.W. 1996. Biokimia: Suatu Pendekatan
Fungsional.Edisi ke-3. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. Hlm. 301-310.
Naiola, E. dan Widhyastuti, N. 2007.Semi Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Enzim
Protease Bacillus sp. Berk.Penel.Hayati.13: 52-56.
Nascimento, W.C.A. and Martins, M.L.L. 2004. Production and Properties of An
Extracellular Protease from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. Brazilian
J.Microbiol.35: 91-96.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ningrum, D.A. 2008. Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Protease Termofilik dari Sumber Air
Panas Tangkahan, Sumatera Utara.Skripsi Departemen Biologi FMIPA
USU.
Noviyanti, T., Ardiningsih, P. dan Rahmalia, W. 2012.Pengaruh Temperatur
Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Proteasedari Daun Sansakng (Pycnarrhena
cauliflora-diels).JKK.1(1): 31-34.
Palmer, T. 1981.Understanding Enzymes.England: Elli Horwood.
Patke, D. and Dey, S. 1998. Proteolytic Actvity from A Thermophilic Streptomyces
megasporus Strain SDP4.Soc. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 171-174.
Poedjiadi, A. 1994. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Jakarta: UI Press. Hlm. 155-156.
Poernomo, A.T. dan Purwanto, D.A. 2003. Uji Aktivitas Crude Enzim proteolitik
Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 Hasil Fermentasi Curah. Majalah Farmasi
Airlangga. 3: 3.
Rao, M.B., Tansakale, A.M., Ghatge, M.S. and Desphande, V.V. 1998.Microbial
Aspects of Microbial Proteases.Microbiol. Mol. Biol.Rev. 62(3): 597-635.
Remigio, Z., William, M., Olle, H.andWilson, P. 2012. Isolation and
Characterization of A Protease-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium from An
African Hot Spring. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11(62).12571-12578.
Rudiana, A. 2003. Karakterisasi dan Amobilisasi Protease Mikroorganisme
Termofilik Isolat CG-10 Yang Hidup Di Sumber Air Panas Cagar, Jawa
Timur Dengan Matriks Pendukung. Disertasi Doktor, Surabaya: Universitas
Airlangga.
Sadikin, M. 2002. Biokimia Enzim. Cetakan I. Jakarta: Widya Medika. Hlm. 32.
Saefuddin, A. 2013. Enzim. http://www.lipi.org. Diakses tanggal 10 Maret 2013.
Seifzadeh, S., Sajedi, R.H., Sariri, R., 2008.Isolation and Characterization of
Thermophilic Alkaline Proteases Resistant to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid from Bacillus sp. GUS.Irian. J.
Biotechnol. 6(4).214-221.
Singleton, R.and Amelunxen, R.E. 1973.Proteins from Thermophilic
Microorganism.Bacteriol. Rev. 37 : 320–342.
Smith, J.E. 1995. Bioteknologi. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hlm.
131-132.Sumberdaya Hayati. Pusat Penelitian Biologi. LIPI.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Uhlig, H. 1998. Industrial Enzyme and Their Applications. J. Willey and Sons,
New York.
Vermelho, A.B., Meirelles, M.N.L., Lopes, A., Petinate, S.D.G., Chaia, A.A. and
Branquinha, M.H. 1996. Detection of Extracellular Proteases from
Microorganism on Agar Plates.Mem. Inst. Oswaldo CruzRio di Janeiro
91(6): 755-760.
Widhyastuti, N. dan Dewi, R.M. 2001.Isolasi Bakteri Proteolitik dan Optimasi
Produksi Protease.Laporan Teknik Proyek Inventarisasi dan Karakterisasi
Sumberdaya Hayati. Pusat Penelitian Biologi. LIPI.
Widowati, S., Andriani, D., Riyanti, E.I., Raharto, P. dan Sukarno, L.
2005.Karakterisasi Fitase dari Bacillus coagulans. Prosiding Seminar Hasil
Penelitian Rintisan dan Bioteknologi Tanaman Bogor.
LAMPIRAN A. Alur Kerja Tahapan Penelitian
Universitas Sumatera Utara
licheniformis ATCC 21415 Alkaline Protease by Immobilization and
Modification.Australian J.Basic and Appl. Sci.1(3): 313-317.
Akhdiya, A. 2003.Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Enzim
Termostabil.Biologi Plasma Nutfah.9(2): 38-44.
Protease
Alkalin
Apriyantono, A., Fardiaz, D., Puspitasari, N.L., Sedarnawati dan Budiyanto, S.
1989.Analisis Pangan. Bogor: Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi,
IPB.
Ardhana, M.M., Kusumawati, D. dan Radiati L.E. 1995. Pengaruh Penggunaan
Yogurt Komersial dan Enzim Rennet Mucor meihei Terhadap Kualitas Keju
Cottage. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 10: 24-29.
Baehaki, A.Suhartono, M.T., Palupi, N.S. dan Nurhayati, T.2008. Purifikasi dan
Karakterisasi Protease dari Bakteri Patogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.J.
Teknol.Industri Pangan. 19 (1): 80-86.
Baehaki, A. Rinto dan Budiman, A. 2011.Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Protease dari
Bakteri Tanah Rawa Indralaya,Sumatera Selatan.J. Teknol. Industri Pangan.
12(1):37-42.
Barton, H.A. and Luiszer, F. 2005. Microbial Metabolic Structure in A Sulfidic
Cave Hot Spring: Potential Mechanisms of Biospeleogenesis. J. Cave and
Karst Studies67(1): 28-38.
Beg, Q.K. and Gupta, R. 2003. Purification and Characterization of An OxidationStable, Thiol-Dependent Serine Alkaline Protease from Bacillus
mojavensis.Enzyme Microb Technol. 32: 294-304.
Brock, T.D. 1986. Thermophiles: General, Molecular and Applied Microbiology.
Departement of Bacteriology 1550.Linden Drive University of WinconsinMadison, Winconsin 53705 USA.Publ. Jhon Willey and Son.
Cai, C., Lou, B. and Zheng, X. 2008. Keratinase Production and Keratin
Degradation by A Mutant Strain of Bacillus subtilis.J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.
9(1): 60-67.
Capuccino, J.G. and Sherman, N. 1983.Microbiology a Laboratory Manual.4th
edition. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Hlm. 132.
Cortezi, M., Contiero, J., Lima, C.J.B., Lovaglio, R.B. and Monti, R.
2008.Characterization of A Feather Degrading by Bacillus
Universitas Sumatera Utara
amyloliquefaciens Protease: A New Strain. World J. Agricultural Sci.4(5):
648-656.
De Rossa, M., Gambacorta, A.and Gliozzi, A. 1986.Structure, Biosynthesis
andPhysicochemichal
Properties
of
Archaebacterial
Lipids.Microbiol.Rev.50: 70-80.
Everly, C. and Alberto, J. 2000. Stressors, Stress and Survival: Overview. Front
Bioscience. 5: 780–786.
Fardiaz, S. 1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan 1. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Fitri, S.G.S., Mubarak, N.R. dan Prawasti, S.T. 2005. Produksi dan Karakterisasi
Protease Ekstraseluler Bacillus sp. BKU-10 yang Diisolasi dari Saluran
Pencernaan Epinephelus tauvina. J. Mikrobiol. Indones. 10(1): 9-13.
Glover, T. and Mitchell, K. 2002.An Introduction to Biostatistics.New York:
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Gupta, R., Gupta, K., Saxena, R.K and Khan, S. 1999. Bleach-Satble Alkalin
Protease from Bacillus sp. J. Biotechnol. 1: 135-138.
Gupta, R. and Ramnani, P. 2006. Microbial Keratinases and Their Prospective
Applications: An Overview. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.70: 21-33.
Hawumba, J.F., Theron, J. and Brozel, V.S. 2002. Thermophilic ProteaseProducing Geobacillus from Buranga Hot Springs in Western
Uganda.Curr.Microbiol.45: 144-150.
Hidayat, N., Padaga, M.C. dan Suhartini, S. 2006. Mikrobiologi Industri.
Yogyakarta: Andi Press.
Huang, G., Ying, T., Huo, P. and Jiang, J. 2006. Purification and Characterization
of A Protease from Thermophilic bacillus strain HS08. Afr. J. Biotechnol.
5(24): 2433-2438.
Hoq, M.M., Siddiquee, K.A.Z., Kawasaki, H. and Seki, T. 2005. Keratinolytic
Activity of Some Newly Isolated Bacillus Species. J. Bio. Sci. 5(2):193-200.
Johnvesly, B. and Naik, G.R. 2001. Studies on Production of Thermostable
Alkaline Protease from Thermophilic and Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99 in
A Chemically Defined Medium. ProcessBiochem.37: 139-144.
Joshi, S.G., Tejashwini, M.M., Revati, N.; Sridevi, R. and Roma, D. 2007.Isolation,
Identification and Characterazation of A Feather Degrading Bacterium. Int.
J. Poultry Sci. 6(9): 689-693.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kamelia, R., Sindurmata, M. dan Dessy, N. 2005. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Protease
Intraselular Termostabil dari Bakteri Bacillus stearothermophillus RP1.
Seminar Nasional MIPA 2005 Universitas Indonesia.
Khusniati, T. dan Nurmalia, I. 2010. Aktivitas protease Pseudomonas fluorescens
dalamMendegradasi protein pada susu pasteurisasiSelama penyimpanan.
Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner.
Korkmaz, H., Hur, H. and Dincer, S. 2004. Characterization of Alkaline Keratinase
of Bacillus licheniformis strain HK-1 from Poultry Waste. Annals
Microbiol.54(2): 201-211.
Kosim, M. dan Surya, R.P. 2010.Pengaruh Suhu pada Protease dari Bacillus
subtilis.Fakultas MIPA ITS, Surabaya.
Kumar, S. and Nussinov, R.2001. How Do Thermophilic Proteins Deal with
Heat.Cell Mol. Life Sci.58(9):1216-1233.
Lay, B.W. 1994. Analisa Mikroba di Laboratorium. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan
Pertama. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Lee, J. M. 1992. Biochemical Engineering.Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey.
Lehninger, A. L. 1998. Biochemistry.New York : Academic Press.
Lubis, R. 2003. Penentuan Aktivitas Enzim Protease dari Ekstrak Jeroan Ikan Mas
(Cyprinus carpio L) Terhadap Hidrolisa Bovin Serum Albumin.Skripsi
Departemen Kimia FMIPA USU.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein
Measurement With the Folin Phenol Reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193(1): 265275.
Madigan, M.T. and Marrs, B.L., 1997. Extremophiles.Sci. Am.276(4):66–71
McGilvery, R.W. and Goldstein, G.W. 1996. Biokimia: Suatu Pendekatan
Fungsional.Edisi ke-3. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. Hlm. 301-310.
Naiola, E. dan Widhyastuti, N. 2007.Semi Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Enzim
Protease Bacillus sp. Berk.Penel.Hayati.13: 52-56.
Nascimento, W.C.A. and Martins, M.L.L. 2004. Production and Properties of An
Extracellular Protease from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. Brazilian
J.Microbiol.35: 91-96.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ningrum, D.A. 2008. Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Protease Termofilik dari Sumber Air
Panas Tangkahan, Sumatera Utara.Skripsi Departemen Biologi FMIPA
USU.
Noviyanti, T., Ardiningsih, P. dan Rahmalia, W. 2012.Pengaruh Temperatur
Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Proteasedari Daun Sansakng (Pycnarrhena
cauliflora-diels).JKK.1(1): 31-34.
Palmer, T. 1981.Understanding Enzymes.England: Elli Horwood.
Patke, D. and Dey, S. 1998. Proteolytic Actvity from A Thermophilic Streptomyces
megasporus Strain SDP4.Soc. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 171-174.
Poedjiadi, A. 1994. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Jakarta: UI Press. Hlm. 155-156.
Poernomo, A.T. dan Purwanto, D.A. 2003. Uji Aktivitas Crude Enzim proteolitik
Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 Hasil Fermentasi Curah. Majalah Farmasi
Airlangga. 3: 3.
Rao, M.B., Tansakale, A.M., Ghatge, M.S. and Desphande, V.V. 1998.Microbial
Aspects of Microbial Proteases.Microbiol. Mol. Biol.Rev. 62(3): 597-635.
Remigio, Z., William, M., Olle, H.andWilson, P. 2012. Isolation and
Characterization of A Protease-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium from An
African Hot Spring. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11(62).12571-12578.
Rudiana, A. 2003. Karakterisasi dan Amobilisasi Protease Mikroorganisme
Termofilik Isolat CG-10 Yang Hidup Di Sumber Air Panas Cagar, Jawa
Timur Dengan Matriks Pendukung. Disertasi Doktor, Surabaya: Universitas
Airlangga.
Sadikin, M. 2002. Biokimia Enzim. Cetakan I. Jakarta: Widya Medika. Hlm. 32.
Saefuddin, A. 2013. Enzim. http://www.lipi.org. Diakses tanggal 10 Maret 2013.
Seifzadeh, S., Sajedi, R.H., Sariri, R., 2008.Isolation and Characterization of
Thermophilic Alkaline Proteases Resistant to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid from Bacillus sp. GUS.Irian. J.
Biotechnol. 6(4).214-221.
Singleton, R.and Amelunxen, R.E. 1973.Proteins from Thermophilic
Microorganism.Bacteriol. Rev. 37 : 320–342.
Smith, J.E. 1995. Bioteknologi. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hlm.
131-132.Sumberdaya Hayati. Pusat Penelitian Biologi. LIPI.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Uhlig, H. 1998. Industrial Enzyme and Their Applications. J. Willey and Sons,
New York.
Vermelho, A.B., Meirelles, M.N.L., Lopes, A., Petinate, S.D.G., Chaia, A.A. and
Branquinha, M.H. 1996. Detection of Extracellular Proteases from
Microorganism on Agar Plates.Mem. Inst. Oswaldo CruzRio di Janeiro
91(6): 755-760.
Widhyastuti, N. dan Dewi, R.M. 2001.Isolasi Bakteri Proteolitik dan Optimasi
Produksi Protease.Laporan Teknik Proyek Inventarisasi dan Karakterisasi
Sumberdaya Hayati. Pusat Penelitian Biologi. LIPI.
Widowati, S., Andriani, D., Riyanti, E.I., Raharto, P. dan Sukarno, L.
2005.Karakterisasi Fitase dari Bacillus coagulans. Prosiding Seminar Hasil
Penelitian Rintisan dan Bioteknologi Tanaman Bogor.
LAMPIRAN A. Alur Kerja Tahapan Penelitian
Universitas Sumatera Utara