Studi Komparasi Komposisi Ikan Antara Lokasi Transplantasi Karang Dan Kawasan Terumbu Karang Alami di Pulau Rubiah, Aceh

STUDI KOMPARASI KOMPOSISI IKAN ANTARA KAWASAN
TRANSPLANTASI KARANG DAN KAWASAN TERUMBU
KARANG ALAMI DI PULAU RUBIAH, ACEH

ABSTRAK

Ikan karang merupakan organisme terbanyak dan mencolok yang dapat ditemui di
terumbu karang. Transplantasi karang diyakini mampu mengembalikan fungsinya
sebagai ekosistem yang dibutuhkan ikan. Sejauh ini, belum ditemukan laporan
terkait bagaimana perbandingan komposisi ikan karang di pulau Rubiah, antara
kawasan ekosistem terumbu karang alami dan kawasan transplantasi. Penelitian
dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2014 bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan luas
tutupan terumbu karang dan komposisi ikan serta melakukan analisis pengaruh
antara kawasan transplantasi karang dengan kawasan terumbu karang alami di
pulau Rubiah, Aceh. Metode yang digunakan Purpossive Random Sampling pada
2 stasiun (sisi Barat dan Timur pulau Rubiah) dengan kedalaman 6 meter.
Pengamatan terumbu karang dengan metode Transek Garis Menyinggung dan
terhadap ikan karang dilakukan Sensus Visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa jumlah ikan yang tersensus adalah 46 spesies dari 17 famili dengan rincian
44 jenis pada kawasan alami dan 22 jenis pada kawasan transplantasi. Penelitian
juga menemukan bahwa persentase tutupan karang hidup kawasan alami lebih

tinggi yaitu 48,16 % dari kawasan transplantasi 9,86 %. Indeks mortalitas
kawasan transplantasi 0,74 dan kawasan alami 0,38. Indeks keanekaragaman ikan
kawasan transplantasi sebesar 0,89 dan 2,20 untuk kawasan alami. Indeks
keseragaman ikan pada kawasan transplantasi 0,36 dan kawasan alami 0,58.
Indeks dominansi ikan kawasan transplantasi sebesar 0,6 dan di kawasan alami
0,29. Koefisien regresi mencapai 0,82945. Kegiatan transplantasi karang di
perairan Pulau Rubiah telah gagal dengan luas tutupan yang dikategorikan buruk,
namun masih terjadi pengaruh yang kuat pada luasnya tutupan karang hidup
terhadap komposisi ikan karang yang ditunjukkan oleh semakin tingginya indeks
keanekaragaman ikan baik pada kawasan transplantasi karang maupun pada
kawasan terumbu karang alami di perairan Pulau Rubiah.

Kata kunci: Terumbu karang, Ikan, Transplantasi

Universitas Sumatera Utara

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FISH COMPOSITION BETWEEN CORAL
TRANSPLANTATION AREA AND NATURAL CORAL
REEF AREA IN RUBIAH ISLAND, ACEH

ABSTRACT

Coral fish is the greatest part of and conspicuous organism found in coral reef.
Coral transplantation is believed to be able to return its function as the ecosystem
which is needed by fish. So far, there has been no report which is related to the
comparison of coral fish composition in Rubiah Island between the ecosystem of
natural coral reef area and transplantation area. The research was conducted in
August, 2014. The objective of the research was to find out the comparison
between the coral reef covering area and fish composition and to analyze the
influence of coral transplantation area and natural coral reef area in Rubiah
Island. The research used purposive random sampling technique at two stations
(the West
side and the East side of Rubiah Island) with a depth of six
meters.Coral reef monitoring conducted by the line intercept trancect method
while for observation of coral reef fish made by visual census method. The result
of the research showed that the number of fish which had been taken census was
46 species of 17 families with the specification of 44 types in the natural area and
22 types in the transplantation area. It was also found that the percentage of the
life coral covering of the natural area was higher (48.16%) than transplantation
area (9.86%). Mortality index of the transplantation area was 0.74 and the

natural area was 0.38. Fish variety index in the transplantation area was 0.36
and in the natural area was 0.58. Fish domination index in the transplantation
area was 0.6 and in the natural area was 0.29. Coefficient regression reached to
0.829456. The activity of coral transplantation in the territorial waters of Rubiah
Island failed, the coral cover area was in bad category, but there was still strong
influence of the covering area of life corals on the composition of coral fish which
was indicated by the increase in fish variety index, either in coral transplantation
area or in the natural coral reef area in the territorial waters of Rubiah Island.

Keywords: Coral Reef, Fish, Transplantation

Universitas Sumatera Utara