SEAMEO SEAMOLEC

SEAMEO
Regional Open Learning Centre

2013

Annual
Report

Advisors
Dr. Ir. Gatot Hari Priowirjanto
Ith Vuthy, M.Sc., MA.
Dr. -Ing. Ir. Agus Maryono
Editors
Muhammad Andriansyah, MT.
Novel Meilanie
Abbas Supardi
Layout Designers
Nurul Arifah
Muhammad Andriansyah, MT.
Yusmar Hadi Saputra


Copyright © 2013 PRM SEAMOLEC

Credits

Open and Distance Learning:
Reaching the Unreachable
Making the World into One World of Learning

SEAMEO SEAMOLEC

Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
Regional Open Learning Centre

SEAMEO SEAMOLEC stands for Southeast Asian
Ministers of Education Organization - Regional
Open Learning Centre.
Since its establishment in February 27, 1997,
SEAMOLEC has played signiicant role on
enhaching the ield of open and distance learning
in the region.

Research and Development
Vision
Research and Development holds an important role
To be the center of expertise in Open and Distance

in the Centre. SEAMOLEC is conident that through

Learning

continuous research and development endeavours,
the area of open and distance will be advanced.

Mision
To assist SEAMEO Member Countries in
identiffying educational problems and inding
alternative solutions for sustainable human
resource development through the dissemination

Training and Workshop


and effective use of ODL.
As the centre of open and distance learning in
the region, SEAMOLEC has the responsibility to
educate and promote the implementation of open
and distance learning. SEAMOLEC carries out its
assigned tasks, among others, through training and
workshop programs.
Aside from its core trainings, which deal with the
implementation of ODL, SEAMOLEC also offers
trainings based-on community needs.

SEAMEO MEMBER COUNTRIES

SEAMOLEC has partners to collaborate in achieving
its vision, i.e:

Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,

1.


SEAMEO centres

Timor Leste, and Vietnam.

2.

Directorate General of higher education, MoEC

3.

43 Indonesian Polytechnics/ Universities

4.

105 Indonesian High Schools

5.

Cambodia



Royal University of Phnom Penh



National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia



Cambodia-India Enterpreneurship Dev.
Centre



ASSOCIATE MEMBER COUNTRIES
Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands,

National Technical Training Institute, etc


6.

National Universities of Lao, Lao PDR

7.

Philippines

New Zaeland, and United Kingdom.



Central Luzon State University



Philippines Nikkei Jin Kai, Davao City




Tagum National Trade School, Tagum



Davao City National High School, etc

8.

Indonesian International School Yangon

9.

Open University of Malaysia

10. Indonesian School of Kuala Lumpur
11. Thailand


Bangsai College of Agriculture and




Tai Muang Industrial and Community



Nakhonsrithammarat Vocational College



Surin Technical College

AFFILIATE MEMBERS


Technology
College

International Council for Open and Distance
Education (1999)




University of Tsukuba, Japan (2009)



The British Council (2010)

12. Vietnam


Hanoi Open University



Ho Chi Minh City Open University

13. New Zaeland



University of Wakaito, Hamilton



Messey University, Palmerston North



University of Auckland, Auckland



Victoria University, etc

14. Australia


Young High School, NSW




Quabeyan High School, Canberra



Department of Education and Training,
Darwin

Contents
Enhanced Program Excellence and Relevance

33
Enhanced Quality and Eficiency Management of SEAMOLEC

39
Enhanced Financial Visibility

43
Increase Access to Market SEAMOLEC Programs

47
Strengthened and Increased Linkages with National, Regional and International Institutions

57

Key Result Area

KRA 1
KRA 2
KRA 3
KRA 4
KRA 5

Special Programs

Contents

5

Foreword
t is a great pleasure to present this annual report which

Training division has conducted 128 training/ workshop

provides details of our continued efforts to develop and

activities, 106 trainings/workshops were conducted in

support an open and distance learning (ODL) in Indonesia

Indonesia, while 22 trainings/workshops were conducted in

as well as Southeast Asian countries. In the area of ODL,

the region. We have successfully trained 4.179 participants,

we may utilize the availability of information, communication,

which is 551 participants were from the SEA region (13%).

and technology (ICT) for addressing the pressing demand

Participants are mostly teachers, lecturers, IT technicians,

of knowledge and skills. Through ODL, learning is more

and students. There are 20 trainings titles, e.g. ICT Integration

lexible (in terms of time and place) so that it is capable of

into Teaching and Learning, Seamless,

I

catering to differing needs of different group of learners.
Collaboration Tools in Teaching and Learning, The
During the iscal year of July 2012–June 2013, we have

Utilization of Webinar Technology for Online Seminar

conducted various of research and development, training,

and Learning, ICT-based Curriculum Development, Self-

IT development, staff development, and other programs

learning Materials Development, The Readiness Workshop

to support our vision and mission. All these programs may

of SEAMEO Centres for SEAMEO Collage Program, Android,

lead us to a better centre in ODL.

E-Learning Development, Blog Utilization for Learning,
E-Collaborative Learning, E-Training Content Development,

In Research and Development (R&D), our focus is on

Webinar Technology, SEA EduNet 2.0, Planning of Open

identifying, exploring, developing, adopting, modifying,

and Distance Learning System, Presentation and Video-

utilizing, and evaluating ICT implementation on ODL. During

based Learning Materials Development, Digital Book

this iscal year, SEAMOLEC have accomplished 6 Models

Development, Animation Presentation Development, Self-

of ICT-based in 2012 and 7 Models of ICT-based ODL

Learning Materials Development, and Utilizing Collaborative

in 2013. SEAMOLEC also produced 70 scientiic papers

E-learning Tools.

in 2012 and 85 scientiic papers in 2013 related to the
development of ICT based distance learning materials,

Improvement in internal management is still taking place aiming

development of software/ hardware to support distance

at establishing accountable working system and conducive

education, development of distance learning models,

working environment in SEAMOLEC. Staff development

classroom action research, experimentally research of

is routinely carried out, in house as well as sending staff

distance learning method, and qualitative research in the
implementation of distance education.

to relevant training units. Efforts in improving products

Last but not least, my

and services through innovative means are continuously

sincere thanks to all of you.

encouraged, involving majority of SEAMOLEC managers

As we embark on another

and staffs. Networking efforts as well as marketing of

journey next year, it is most

SEAMOLEC services to various parties are continued

appropriate to take our

and maintained. Our consulting activities also increased

efforts a step higher than

signiicantly and it can be seen through the participation

ever before.

of SEAMOLEC in various activities and the more projects
having been approved (USAID through Nathan Associates

Jakarta, June 2013

Inc., ISTN, PTIK, etc.)
Dr. Gatot Hari Priowirjanto
SEAMOLEC has also carried out several other special activities
namely: The Readiness of SEAMEO College Workshop in
SEA Countries, USAID Grant Program, SEAMOLEC ODL
Course, SEA Twinning & SEA EduNet 2.0, SEA CyberClass,
SEA Students Mobility, School/ University Partnership,
University Collaboration (Scholarship), Fast Track & Debt
Swap German Programs, Multi Collaborations in Vocational
Education between GIZ-MOEC Indonesia.
All of these accomplishments were a relection of joint
efforts of all SEAMOLEC staff and partners, and of course,
supported by The Ministry of National Education of The
Republic of Indonesia, SEAMEO Members & Secretariat
which always guides and supports us. May I take this
opportunity to congratulate and thank them for their signiicant
contribution to the development of SEAMOLEC.

Director

Research and Development
Training/ Workshop
Staff Development
ICT Development

KRA-1

KRA-1

Enhanced Program
Excellence and
Relevance

KRA-1

6

Report on Research and Development
The Research and Development (R&D) programs
are organized by R&D Division. SEAMOLEC has to
accommodate Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC)
Strategic Planning, since funded by the Government
of Indonesia through the MoEC. The Strategic Plan
states that SEAMOLEC should develop 6 Models of
ICT-based Open Distance Learning (ODL) in 2012 and
7 Models of ICT-based ODL in 2013. These models
are developed by SEAMOLEC staff.

State Electronic Polytechnic of Surabaya, Surabaya
Institute of Technology, Sanata Darma University, and
Indonesia Open University.

SEAMOLEC was also facilitating 70 scientiic papers
in 2012 and 85 scientiic papers in 2013 related
to the development of ICT based distance learning
materials, development of software/hardware to support
distance education, development of distance learning
models, classroom action research, experimentally
research of distance learning method, and qualitative
research in the implementation of distance education.
Those papers were developed by the lecturers from
partner universities as well as from the students that
earned scholarships from SEAMOLEC to upgrade their
degree from Diploma 3 to Diploma 4, S1 (Bachelor’s
Degree), and S2 (Master’s Degree) at Malang State
University, Bandung Institute of Technology, Sanata
Darma University Yogyakarta, etc.
In addition to invent the ICT-based ODL innovation, R&D
Division facilitated the R&D activities of SEAMOLEC
staff, such as development of BigBlueButton as the
platform in synchronous learning (web conferencing),
development of MOODLE for Android platform, and
development of EDMODO as the tool for e-collaborative
learning.

The activities in this timeframe are as follows:
a. Reviewing proposals using the instrument of the
guidelines
b. Selecting the acceptable proposals based on the
instrument
c. 69 proposals were accepted.
d. Proposals were developed in 6 months by 2 or 3
researchers from Bandung Institute of Technology,
Sanata Darma University, State Electronics
Polytechnics of Surabaya, State Institute of Surabaya,
Malang State University, Yogyakarta State University,
and Sampoerna School of Education.
e. Proposal themes:
• Research and Development of IT based ODL
Learning Materials
• Research and Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System
• Development of ODL Models
• Classroom action research
• Qualitative research about the inluence of IT
based learning materials in the performance
of students especially in Mathematics and
English.

Stages of R&D in 2012 began with developing guidelines
for submitting proposal, evaluating proposal, guidelines
for report writing, evaluating report and guidelines of
writing scientiic paper. Development of guidelines and
instruments were facilitated by Malang State University,

The R&D Division successfully collected 69 scientiic
papers consist of 8 scientiic papers on classroom
action research, 1 experimentally research, 2 qualitative
researches on the implementation of distance education,
16 scientiic papers of development of ICT based

June 2012 – June 2013
The proposals submission were open for two months.
Around 71 proposals were submitted and 69 proposals
were accepted after reviewed.

2013 Annual Report

distance learning materials, 28 scientiic papers on
development of distance learning system, and 14
scientiic papers of development on software/ chardware
to support distance learning. The complete list as
shown in Appendix 1 (List of Scientiic Papers).
In the ield of Models Development, SEAMOLEC was
successfully facilitated 6 Models, i.e.:
1. Model of Preparation of ICT-based ODL Program
for Institutions.
The objective is to design the preparation of
distance learning model, developing the learning
materials for the institution who intend to conduct
the distance learning program, piloting the model
to the institution, evaluating, and revising the
model. The approach used in this model is
using ADDIE and innovation diffusion. One of
the components of this model is training online
with the purpose to provide competencies of
educators, so they could apply the principles
of distance learning on their course that will
be conducted through Learning Management
System (LMS), embedding with the video lecture
as well as provide the competencies to design the
management of distance learning program.
2.

Model of Virtual Museum Learning Institute
(VMLI).
VMLI is a web-based application of virtual
museum for the national heritage of Southeast
Asian countries. An open courseware as well as
the SEAMEO interactive web-based television.
Currently the progress of its development focuses
on the collecting data of SEAMEO Centres. The
information are collected from the oficial 17
Centres while the prototype in 3D buildings of
SEAMOLEC, RECFON, and QITEP in Languages
were already developed.

3.

Evaluation of SEA EduNet as Model of ICT-based
ODL without Internet (Multicast).
This model is as an alternative or complementary
technologies in order to overcome the limitations
of internet. Digital video broadcasting (DVB-S)

technology via satellite is able to answer the
weakness of internet. Nevertheless, Internet
and DVB-S could run jointly and utilized in
accordance with the relevant requirements.
Eventhough DVB-S’s service only run in one
direction (downstream only), multicast mechanism
of the DVB-S is able to deploy large-capacity
data to all corners of the region, both in remote,
border, or outer areas. DVB-S is applied to
a closed network as a medium to distribute
educational contents and materials to people
who live in areas that are not covered by internet
services. The piloting programs of SEA EduNet
were performed in West Nusa Tenggara, Border
of Kinabalu, and Cambodia.
4.

Model of ICT-based ODL in Continuing Vocational
Education: Development and Tryout of the
Evaluation Instrument.

5.

Model of Hybrid Course for Science, Math and
Language Teachers.
The idea of this model is utilizing LMS to deliver
the training program, so that participants will
experience the distance training system. It is
expected that participants would be aware of what
is required to participate in distance learning or
web-based courses while face-to-face workshops
aimed at strengthening online program. The overall
duration of an online course is approximately
one month. Each module will be given one to
two weeks to allow participants to read course
materials, relect the content, and contribute
to discussion forums, synthesis, and perform
tasks/ assignment. Should be more in-depth
knowledge and skills desired, the participants
of this online course will attend the 3 day faceto-face workshop, which provide more in-depth
knowledge on a particular method of teaching
using ICT tools. Thus, an online course will not
only expand the initiative to learn, but also will
create widespread interest in their future classroom
using ICT tools. The model was conducted in

7

KRA-1

8

Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and
Vietnam by the grant from USAID.
6.

Model of ICT based France Language Learning
for Android platform.
SEAMOLEC has already developed the free online
course on France Language Learning for level A1,
A2, and B1 available at pjjpr.seamolec.org. Along
with the growth of technology, this model is also
developing applications to learn French in the
Android platform. It is expected that anyone can
learn French starting with 100 sentences provided
in the A1-A2 level. This free application available
to download at Google Play and SEAMOLEC
appstore at seamarket.seamolec.org.

Activities in model development also generate 6 models
of scientiic papers. All papers on ICT-based ODL
System are published in SEAMOLEC Journal.
R&D activities in 2013 began by conducting workshops.
The results are the guidelines for participants to write
a proposal and instruments for reviewers to evaluate
proposals and papers. The target in 2013 is 85 scientiic
papers. At June 2013 there will be selected 86 proposals
funded by SEAMOLEC. The selected proposals should
perform some research in the next 3-6 months.
In 2013 SEAMOLEC also developed a prototype for
an online journal. At least 80 scientiic papers will be
uploaded to this site. Collection of scientiic papers by
2011-2012. At the end of 2013 is expected SEAMOLEC
online journal launched with the latest collection of
scientiic papers. Online journals schemes as shown
in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The scheme of SEAMOLEC
Online Journal

In terms of model, there will be 7 Digital-Age Teaching
Learning Models as follows:
1. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Europe
2. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Mid-Eastern Countries
3. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Asia
4. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Thailand
5. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Philippines
6. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Malaysia
7. E-Collaborative Learning Model for Indonesian
Schools (SILN) in Myanmar
Model Designing Stage
The concept of e-collaborative learning is involving
local school and the overseas Indonesian schools.
Brainstorming of teachers will be done in a hybrid
mode where they have to attend online events a
month before doing face to face workshops in each
country. During one month online activities they will be

2013 Annual Report

facilitated by tutor from SEAMOLEC
through EDMODO, an online social
learning network. Grouping will be
based on region or country.
The teachers have to follow some
of the activities that represent how
to design a collaborative classroom
activities using Edmodo as a tool
by the concept of WebQuest
method, lipped classroom, and
encourage 21st century skills in all
classroom activities. They should
work closely with their colleagues
who are neighbors around the school.
One month online activities would
represent how collaborative class
conducted so that teachers could
feel the atmosphere.
To get more in-depth knowledge and skills desired,
the participants of online course will attend future
4 days face-to-face workshop, which will provide
more in-depth knowledge on a particular method of
teaching using ICT tools. Once they got the concept,
they will design their own virtual classroom along with
their peers. The students from both schools will be
involved in all activities.

Figure 2. The Concept of the Model

Figure 3. Edmodo structured as delivery system
Model Development Stage
A medium to conduct one month online activities with
teachers and could provide e-collaborative activities
between teachers-students is really needed. Based
on our cogitation, Edmodo, a social learning network
is decided to be as a delivery system tool that can
be accessed easily and free. SEAMOLEC explore
its features that will be used to represent how to
do collaborative activities in their virtual classroom.
Edmodo structured as delivery system is described
in Figure 3.

The next step is build the concept how the hybrid/
blended learning methodology could applied in this
model. The emphasis of the concept is to make
the teawchers aware the differences when replacing
a portion of face-to-face activities with web-based
learning activities as well as applying the concept
of conducting lipped classroom in their classroom
activities by considering the delivery system used.

9

KRA-1

10

Figure 4. The concept of blended/hybrid learning methodology used in the model
Another step is to provide alternative tools that can be utilized as authoring tools when teachers have to produce
learning materials for their virtual class. The concept how to apply these tools is described in Figure 5.

Figure 5. The concept how to apply the authoring tools
SEAMOLEC is responsible in developing, implementing, and evaluating the online course. The online program
will help participants understand the principles of integrating ICT into the learning process, gain/ improve ICT
skills, and develop ICT-based learning materials. Furthermore, they will gain the concept of how to foster 21st
century skills especially the 4C’s skills creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication applied in the
learning process. The online program will be in English in order to enable teachers from the region to interact and
share best practices in the area, which will also help further strengthen networks between education institutions
in ASEAN and other regions. The prototype of the online activities is describe in Figure 6.

2013 Annual Report

Figure 6. The online activities environment
The implementation of these activities, start from one month online course to the face-to-face workshop in
respective countries will be started on July 2013.

Lesson Learned
The dificulty in writing scientiic papers
The same problem on 2011 occurred; mostly the
students in universities have dificulty in writing
acceptable scientiic papers. R&D division has
conducted workshop and provided guidelines. The
papers also reviewed by partner Universities. However,
the papers still need extensive modiication by the
reviewers. Since all of the papers are in Indonesian
language, it will be dificult for non Indonesian speaking
people to beneit from the papers.
Similarities of the literatures used
SEAMOLEC provide facilities to the students to write
scientiic papers, and most of the papers are on
the development of e-learning program. There are
found many similarities of the literature used in the
writing. The software development papers show the
dificulties that students encounter in writing scientiic
papers although workshops have been provided by
SEAMOLEC.

The lesson learned from 2012 of R&D activities, has
motivated R&D division to plan carefully and involved
resource persons outside SEAMOLEC from early
2013. Through this way R&D has time to modify
or overcome problems long before the due date of
any programs.
Recommendations
For a betterment of the scientiic papers result, it
is need more intensively conduct the workshop on
scientiic writing especially for students in university.
SEAMOLEC also have to conduct the workshop in
the form of online or blended course cooperate with
the expertise from some universities.
As a part of scientiic papers dissemination in regional
level, SEAMOLEC have to make papers in bilingual
language (Bahasa Indonesia and English) and also
accessible online in our e-journal platform.

11

KRA-1

No
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9

10

11

12
13
14

12

Title
(in English & Bahasa Indonesia)
Pengintegrasian Teknologi dengan
Pembelajaran Kooperatif Untuk
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika
Pengaruh Penggunaan Microsoft
Mathematics Terhadap Hasil
Belajar Siswa SMA Kelas 10 Pada
Pelajaran Matematika Materi Sistem
Persamaan Linear
Pengaruh Game Edukasi Aritmetika
Berbasis TIK Tipe Petualangan
terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika di
SDIT Insan Mandiri
Improving English Competence Of
Open University Students Through
Lecfenco (Lectora For English
Competence)
The Effectiveness Of Openclass
For Extensive Reading And Writing
Class In Muhammadiyah University
Yogyakarta
Klasiikasi Tingkat Kognisi Siswa
SMA Pada Materi Perbandingan
Trigonometri Menggunakan Game
Trigonometri Berbasis Metode LVQ
Kelebihan Dan Kekurangan Latihan
Ujian Bersama (LUB) SeaCyberClass
SEAMOLEC Sebagai Sarana
Meningkatkan Prestasi Siswa SMK
Dalam Ujian Nasional (UN)
Peran Guru Meningkatkan Prestasi
Siswa Dalam Ujian Nasional (UN)
Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK)
Pendukung Colaborative Learning
Antara Sekolah Desa Dan Kota
Berbasis Sketch Map
Evaluasi Program SEAMOLEC:
Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap
Program Program PJJ SEAMOLEC
di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Perkuliahan
Hybrid Learning: Martikulasi
“Kompetensi Dasar Pendidikan
Jarak Jauh (PJJ)” bagi Mahasiswa
D4 ITB Batch-6
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar
PJJ:Animasi Rangkaian Listrik
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PJJ:
Buck Converter Dan Boost Coverter
Bahan Ajar PJJ Berbasis
Macromedia Flash: Penerapan
Smart Relay Untuk Pengoperasian
Motor Listrik Hemat Energi

Institution/ University

Research Theme

STKIP Kebangkitan Nasional

Class Action Research in ODL

STKIP Kebangkitan Nasional

Class Action Research in ODL

STKIP Kebangkitan Nasional

Class Action Research in ODL

Universitas Sanata Dharma

Class Action Research in ODL

Universitas Sanata Dharma

Class Action Research in ODL

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
November

Class Action Research in ODL

SEAMOLEC

Class Action Research in ODL

SEAMOLEC

Class Action Research in ODL

Universitas Negeri Malang

Research Experimentation

Qualitative Research on the
Implementation of ODL

SEAMOLEC

Universitas Negeri Malang
Universitas Negeri Malang
Universitas Negeri Malang

Qualitative Research on the
Implementation of ODL
Development of ODL Instructional
Materials
Development of ODL Instructional
Materials
Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

2013 Annual Report

No

15

16

17

18

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

27

28
29
30

Title
(in English & Bahasa Indonesia)
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Pola
Dasar Busana Wanita Menggunakan
Media Powerpoint Pada Matakuliah
Konstruksi Pola Dan Pecah Model
Jurusan Teknologi Industri
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PJJ:
Aplikasi Zelio Soft Perancangan
Kendali Alat Industri Dan Rumah
Tangga
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar
Berbasis Flash: Energi Saving
Menggunakan Zelio
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar
Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Sistem
Informasi Untuk Menciptakan
Perangkat Lunak Yang Terstandar
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PJJ
Berbasis Flash Aplikasi Inverter
Untuk Kendali Motor Listrik
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar
Keamanan Pangan Di Industri Jasa
Boga
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar
PJJ Berbasis Learning Cycle 5e:
Membuat Presentasi
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Animasi
3D Pada Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis
Game Pada Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
Pengembangan Modul Ajar Pratikum
Instalasi Tenaga Listrik Online Untuk
Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PJJ
Instalasi Listrik: Pemasangan Dan
Keamanan Instalasi
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PJJ
Berbasis Puzzle Game: Sejarah
Kelas VII SMP
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar CD
Tutorial Menggunakan Animasi 2
Dimensi
Pengembangan Mobile Web
Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Materi
Trigonometri SMA Bilingual
Pengembangan Sumber Belajar
TOEFL Structure Dengan
Menggunakan Metode Mind Map
Pengembangan E-Module
Online Pemrograman Web Pada
Pendidikan Jarak Jauh

Institution/ University

Research Theme

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang
Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials
Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL Instructional
Materials

Akademi Manajemen Informatika
Development of ODL Instructional
dan Komputer Dian Cipta Cendikia
Materials
(DCC) Bandar Lampung
Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL System

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No
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

41

42

43

44

45

46

14

Title
(in English & Bahasa Indonesia)
Pengembangan E-Modul Online
Elektronika Analog Pada Pendidikan
Jarak Jauh
Pembelajaran Interaktif Sisitem
Informasi Geograis Berbasis Web
Sistem Otentikasi Terpusat Dengan
Menggunakan CAS Pada Aplikasi
Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Sistem Ujian Online Terpusat Untuk
Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Pembelajaran Interaktif Desain Web
Dengan Pemograman Visual
Pembelajaran Interaktif E-Commerce
Dengan Pemograman Visual
Pembelajaran Interaktif Java Dengan
Pemograman Visual
Designing a Set of English Materials
for The Vocational Students Novice
Level Using Moodle
Designing Moodle Based Intensive
Reading Materials at University Level
Designing A Moodle Learning Model
For Nursing Students of Poltekkes
Surakarta
Designing Listening Supplementary
Materials For Vocational High
School Students Using Note-Taking
Technique Through Schoology
Pengembangan Mobile Game
“Brainchemist” Sebagai Media
Pembelajaran Kimia Sma/Ma
Pada Materi Kelarutan, Hasil Kali
Kelarutan,Dan Koloid
Pengembangan Mobile Game
“Brainchemist” Sebagai Media
Pembelajaran Kimia Sma/Ma
Pada Materi Asam Basa, Larutan
Penyangga, Dan Hidrolisis Garam
Pengembangan Mobile Game
“Brainchemist” Sebagai Media
Pembelajaran Kimia SMA/MA
Pada Materi Teori Atom Mekanika
Kuantum, Ikatan Kimia, Dan
Termokimia
Pengembangan Mobile Game
“Brainchemist” Sebagai Media
Pembelajaran Kimia SMA/MA
Pada Materi Laju Reaksi dan
Kesetimbangan Kimia
AdaptiveSkill pada Pembelajaran
Dimensi Tiga Berbasis Game
Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy

Institution/ University

Research Theme

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of ODL System

Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya

Development of ODL System

Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya

Development of ODL System

Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya

Development of ODL System
Development of ODL System
Development of ODL System
Development of ODL System

Universitas Sanata Dharma

Development of ODL System

Universitas Sanata Dharma

Development of ODL System

Universitas Sanata Dharma

Development of ODL System

Universitas Sanata Dharma

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Development of ODL System

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
November

Development of ODL System

2013 Annual Report

No
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

59
60
61

62
63

64

Title
(in English & Bahasa Indonesia)
Pengembangan Tangible User
Interface: Kecapi Electronic base on
Micro Controller
E-Learning E-Front sebagai Alternatif
Sistem Pembelajaran Tatap Muka
Sistem Konseling Tugas Akhir
Mahasiswa ITB Batch 6 Berbasis
Framework, CI dan jQuery
English Debate Using BBB Web
Conference For Vocational High
School Student
Sistem Informasi Sejarah Indonesia
(Peristiwa dan Tokoh Nasional) untuk
Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Web 3D
Sistem Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Berbasis Moodle di Android dengan
Pendeteksi Lokasi Peserta Ajar
Pengembangan Web Pembelajaran
Jarak Jauh Open and Distance
Learning (ODL) SEAMOLEC
Integrasi Android dengan Elearning
Moodle
Pemanfaatan Edmodo Sebagai
Media Kolaborasi dalam
Pembelajaran
Pengembangan Aplikasi Online
Inrteractive Whiteboard Pada
Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
Document Clustering pada
Multilingual Information Retrieval
Sistem Kontrol
Aplikasi Pembelajaran Multimedia
Interaktif Untuk Pendidikan Jarak
Jauh
Pengembangan Modul Kompetensi
Dasar Menggunakan Metode Dasar
Memasak Untuk Siswa Kelas X Jasa
Boga
Pengembangan Aplikasi Sistem
Pengakolasian Jadwal Kuliah PJJ
Aplikasi Modiied Improved Particle
Swarm Optimization (MPSO) Untuk
Skenario Dinamik Pada Game
Matematika
Layanan Integrasi LMS dan IPTV
Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran
Jarak Jauh
Sistem Komponen Dinamis Objek
Game Berbasis Expert System pada
Game Edukasi
Perancangan Aplikasi Tourist
Guide Berbasis Augmented Reality
Menggunakan Device Windows
Phone 7

Institution/ University

Research Theme

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of ODL System

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Universitas Negeri Malang

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Politeknik Elektronika Negeri
Surabaya

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
November

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
November

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
November

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

SEAMOLEC

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

15

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No

16

Title
(in English & Bahasa Indonesia)

Institution/ University

Research Theme

65

Pemanfaatan Big Blue Button dalam
SEAMOLEC
Synchronous Learning

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

66

Desain dan Implementasi Jejaring
Sosial Pada Virtual Museum Of
Indonesia

SEAMOLEC

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

67

Desain Dan Implementasi Virtual
Exhibition Serta Simulasi dan
Permainan Pada Virtual Museum Of
Indonesia

SEAMOLEC

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

68

Frekuensi Berlatih Soal Latihan Ujian
Bersama (Lub)
Matematika, Bahasa Indonesia, Dan
Bahasa Inggris
SEAMOLEC
Sebagai Faktordominan Dalam
Keberhasilan Siswa Sma
Menghadapi Ujian Nasional

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

69

Frekuensi Berlatih Soal Latihan Ujian
Bersama (Lub)
Matematika, Bahasa Indonesia, Dan
Bahasa Inggris
SEAMOLEC
Sebagai Faktordominan Dalam
Keberhasilan Siswa Smk
Menghadapi Ujian Nasional

Development of Software/
Hardware for ODL System

Website for Research Paper Writing Announcement 2013 (in Bahasa Indonesia), http://www.seamolec.org/hibahpenelitian.php

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18

Training/ Workshop

S

EAMOLEC is currently developing an
e-collaborative learning network as the learning
model of digital age, called SEA Edunet 2.0
and SEA Twin. The program is focus on (1) e-learning
development based-on social media networking and
learning by using Edmodo platform, (2) digital book
development, and (3) e-collaborative learning among
schools/universities.

Different training courses are designed both face to
face and online courses (http://odl.seamolec.org):

SEAMOLEC Training division has been designing
SEAEduNet 2.0 application courses for schools
and universities. The training courses were made
to help teachers/lecturers to improve their skills in
applying information and communication technology
(ICT) into their classrooms. By having the skills in
applying the SEA EduNet 2.0 application into learning
process, then teachers will be able to conduct the
e-collaborative learning with other schools in Indonesia
and region.










Planning of open and distance learning
system.
E-Learning development using LMS (Moodle
Platform).
Game-based learning materials development
using RPG.
Video and streaming-based learning materials
using SEAMOLEC Multi Studio (SMS). The
development of semi online examination practices
using SEACyberClass (SCC).
Online conference system development using
BigBlueButton.
The development of ICT applications for teaching
and learning: Android, Java Programming, Cisco
and others.

The participants of SEAMOLEC training courses are teachers/lecturers in Indonesia and other SEA countries. During
the period of 2011/2012, series of trainings/workshops had been carried out by SEAMOLEC as follows:
National Trainings/ Workshops

No

Date

Program

Venue

Participants

Year – 2012
1

26 - 30 July

ICT Integration into Teaching and

UGM Yogyakarta

25

2

31 July - 3 August

Seamless

Santika Hotel Tangerang, Banten

17

3

7 - 9 August

Collaboration Tools in Teaching and Santika Hotel Malang, East Java

35

Learning

Learning
4

18 - 20 September

Hotel Aston Tropicana, Bandung

25

5

10 – 22 October

Surabaya, East Java

22

STIMIK IKMI Cirebon, Central Java

19

The Utilization of Webinar
6

8 - 11 October

Technology for Online Seminar and
Learning

2013 Annual Report

7

8 - 11 October

Del Polytechnic, North Sumatera

11

8

8 - 11 October

AMIK DCC Lampung

20

9

8 - 11 October

AMIK Wahana Mandiri Tangerang, Banten

17

10

8 - 11 October

Phiksi Polytechnic Serang, Banten

29

11

8 - 11 October

POLINES Semarang, Central Java

13

12

8 - 11 October

HB Polytechnic Tegal, Central Java

20

13

8 - 11 October

Tirtayasa University Serang, Banten

25

14

8 - 11 October

UNP Padang, West Sumatera

18

15

8 - 11 October

Padang Polytechnic, West Java

11

16

8 - 11 October

PENS Surabaya, East Java

21

17

8 - 11 October

PPNS Surabaya, East Java

20

18

8 - 11 October

POLINEMA, Malang, East Java

11

19

8 - 11 October

POLTEKOM Malang, East Java

12

20

8 - 11 October

UNIBRAW, Malang, East Java

10

21

8 - 11 October

UM Malang, East Java

13

22

8 - 11 October

Kediri Polytechnic, East Java

14

23

8 - 11 October

Jember Polytechnic, East Java

18

24

8 - 11 October

TEDC Bandung, West Java

25

25

8 - 11 October

ITB Bandung, East Java

11

26

8 - 11 October

UNPAD Bandung, East Java

21

27

8 - 11 October

Bandung Manufacture Polytechnic, West Java

23

28

8 - 11 October

Post Polytechnic Bandung, East Java

9

29

8 - 11 October

IPB Bogor, East Java

6

30

8 - 11 October

Indramayu Polytechnic, West Java

15

31

8 - 11 October

STP Sahid Jakarta

23

32

8 - 11 October

Trisakti University Jakarta

11

33

8 - 11 October

UGM Yogyakarta

15

34

8 - 11 October

Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta

12

35

8 - 11 October

UNS Solo, Cantral Java

14

36

8 - 11 October

UNSOED Purwokerto, Central Java

5

37

8 - 11 October

ALKATEL Purwokerto, Central Java

15

38

8 - 11 October

Jambi Polytechnic

9

39

8 - 11 October

Aceh Polytechnic

10

40

8 - 11 October

AKPAR Muhammmadiyah, Aceh

12

41

8 - 11 October

Lhokseumawe Polytechnic, Aceh

15

42

8 - 11 October

AMIKOM Matarm, NTB

24

43

8 - 11 October

STMIK Bumigora Mataram, NTB

44

8 - 11 October

Gorontalo Polytechnic

45

8 - 11 October

UNTAN Pontianak, West Kalimantan

46

8 - 11 October

UNLAM Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan

12

47

8 - 11 October

STMIK 10 Nov Jayapura, Papua

12

48

8 - 11 October

Khairun University ternate, North Maluku

14

30

19

KRA-1

20

49

8 - 11 October

Padamara Polytechnic, North Maluku

11

50

8 - 11 October

STMIK Subang, West Java

16

51

22 - 24 October

SEAMOLEC

36

ICT Workshop on Synergy of
Teacher Training Centre

52

18 - 25 October

National Competition Workshop on POLTEKOM Malang, East Java

12

53

31 October – 3

ICT-based Curriculum Development Park Hotel Jakarta

30

54

8 - 9 November

Self-learning Materials Development Aceh

46

55

10 - 15 September

Java Education Network Indonesia
November
The Readiness Workshop of
SEAMEO Centres for SEAMEO

SEAMEO QITEP in Language, Jakarta

26

Collage Program and Android
Training
56

10 - 15 September

SEAMEO RECFON, Jakarta

21

57

10 - 15 September

SEAMEO QITEP in Mathematics, Yogyakarta

28

58

10 - 15 September

SEAMEO QITEP in Science Bandung, West

24

59

10 - 15 September

SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor, East Java

23

60

12 - 16 November

Malang, East Java

30

Jakarta

119

Semarang, Central Java

60

Malang, East Java

48

Java
ICT Integration into Teaching &
Learning (USAid Project)
61

12 - 14 November

62

19 - 21 November

63

19 - 21 November

64

19 - 21 November

65

29 November - 1

ICT workshop of Myanmar and
Indonesian Teachers

E-Learning Development

December

Solo, Central Java

52

Sriwijaya Polytechnic Palembang, South

16

Sumatera

66

28 November

SEAMOLEC, Jakarta

23

67

29 November

Blog Utilization for Learning

SEAMOLEC, Jakarta

23

68

30 November

SEAMOLEC, Jakarta

25

69

1 December

SEAMOLEC, Jakarta

20

70

15 - 18 October

71

5 – 8 December

72

10 - 12 December

E-Learning Development
E-Collaborative Learning of

Kupang, NTT

30

SEAMOLEC

20

SEAMOLEC

42

SEAMOLEC and Universities
73

12-14 Okt 2-12

Webinar Technology

SMKN 6 Yogyakarta

20

74

26 - 27 December

SEA Edunet 2.0

Bumi Asih Hotel Bandung, East Java

60

75

27 - 28 December

Paragon Hotel Solo, Central Java

25

76

27 - 28 December

Saphir Hotel Yogyakarta

39

77

27 - 28 December

Amos Hotel Jakarta

57

78

27 - 28 December

Pandanaran Hotel Semarang, Central Java

36

79

27 - 28 December

Asrama Haji Narmada Mataram, NTB

129

2013 Annual Report

80

27 - 28 December

SMKN 4 Malang, East Java

104

81

27 - 28 December

SMKN PGRI Kediri, East Java

47

82

27 - 28 December

SMKN1 Buduran Sidoarjo, East Java

31

83

27 - 28 December

SMKN1 Mundu Cirebon, Central Java

48

84

27 - 28 December

SMKN1 Blitar, Central Java

34

85

27 - 28 December

ITB Bandung

28

86

27 - 28 December

SMKN2 Cilaku Cianjur, West Java

49

87

27 - 28 December

SMKN1 Majalengka, West Java

221

2013
88

SEA EduNet 2.0

SEAMOLEC

10

89

Planning of Open and Distance

ISTN Jakarta

30

ISTN Jakarta

30

Learning System
90

Presentation and Video-based
Learning Materials Development

91

Digital Book Development

ISTN Jakarta

30

92

E-Learning Development using

ISTN Jakarta

120

STIK - PTIK Jakarta

30

STIK - PTIK Jakarta

30

Digital Book Development

STIK - PTIK Jakarta

30

Video-based Learning and Digital

SEAMOLEC

10

STIK - PTIK Jakarta

120

Malang, East java

50

Moodle Platform
93

Planning of Open and Distance
Learning System

94

Presentation and Video-based
Learning Materials Development

95
96

Book
97

E-Learning Development using
Moodle Platform

98

SEA EduNet 2.0

99

Bondowoso, East java

50

100

Garut, West Java

50

101

Tasikmalaya District, East Java

50

102

Tasikmalaya City, East Java

50

103

UKSW Salatiga, Central Java

30

104

Multistrada Cikarang, Wst java

30

105

SEA EduNet 2.0 (Batch-1)

BPLT Palembang, South Sumatera

200

106

SEA EduNet 2.0 (Batch-2)

BPLT Palembang, South Sumatera

200

21

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22

Regional Trainings/ Workshops

No

Date

Program

Venue

Participants

Year 2012
1

30 June – 6 July

Animation Presentation Development

Manila, Philippines

2
3

9 – 13 July

Self-Learning Materials Development

NPIC Cambodia

10 - 15 September

The Readiness Workshop of SEAMEO SEAMEO CHAT Myanmar

70
12
35

Centres for SEAMEO Collage Program
and Android Training
4

10 – 14 September

The Readiness Workshop of SEAMEO SEAMEO Secretariat, Thailand

10

Centres for SEAMEO Collage Program
5

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO RIHED, Thailand

2

6

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO SPAFA, Thailand

5

7

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO TROPMED, Thailand

3

8

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO TROPMED Network,

2

Thailand
9

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO INNOTECH,

10

Philippines
10

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO SEARCA, Philippines

20

11

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO TROPMED

10

12

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO VOCTECH, Brunei

13

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO RETRAC, Vietnam

10

14

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO TROPMED, Malaysia

10

15

10 – 14 September

SEAMEO RECSAM, Malaysia

10

16

10 – 14 September

National Polytechnic Institute

10

17

10 – 14 September

National University of Lao PDR

18

5 - 9 November

19

Philippines
15

Darussalam

of Cambodia
7

(NUOL)
ICT Integration into Teaching &

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

30

5 - 9 November

Vientianned, Laoo PDR

30

20

5 - 9 November

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

30

21

12 - 16 November

Bangkok, Thailand

30

22

6 – 8 March

Learning (USAid Projedct)

2013
Utilizing Collaborative E-learning Tools: Nakonrajchasima, Thailand
Indonesia -Thailand

190

2013 Annual Report

The summary of training programs:
1. There were 128 training programs
2. The total number of participants were 4179
3. There were 20 training titles:
a. ICT Integration into Teaching and
Learning
b. Seamless
c. Collaboration Tools in Teaching and
Learning
d. The Utilization of Webinar Technology for
Online Seminar and Learning
e. ICT-based Curriculum Development
f. Self-learning Materials Development
g. The Readiness Workshop of SEAMEO
Centres for SEAMEO Collage Program
h. Android
i. E-Learning Development
j. Blog Utilization for Learning

k.
l.
m.
n.
o.

E-Collaborative Learning
E-Training Content Development
Webinar Technology
SEA EduNet 2.0
Planning of Open and Distance Learning
System
p. Presentation and Video-based Learning
Materials Development
q. Digital Book Development
r. Animation Presentation Development
s. Self-Learning Materials Development
t. Utilizing Collaborative E-learning Tools
From the total of 128 training/ workshop activities, 106
trainings/ workshops were conducted in Indonesia,
while 22 trainings/ workshops were conducted in the
region. Out of the 4179 participants, 551 participants
were from the SEA region (13%).

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24

Staf Development

T

he staff development programs which could
meet the needs and keeps the Centre growing
and changing for the better, is a hard work.
But, the beneits to be gained will far outweigh the
effort.

new skills, exposing them to unfamiliar ideas, giving
them the chance to practice and get feedback on
particular techniques or styles of working with people,
or simply encouraging them to discuss their work
with one another.

Staff development program is directly related to the
skills, knowledge, and strategies necessary to do a
particular job. It can include teaching staff members

In short, staff development program for all staff increases
organizational effectiveness and keeps it increasing,
rather than allowing the Centre to stagnate.

The programs participated by SEAMOLEC staffs in the year under review July 2012 to June 2013 were as
follows:
SEAMOLEC’S STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 2012/ 2013

No.

Name of
Training/ Workshop/ Seminar

Time

Venue

Participant

1

Workshop Web Conference using Big
Blue Button

28-31 August 2012

SEAMOLEC

All SEAMOLEC’s
staff

2

English Conversation Course

23 October 2012 –
31 January 2013

SEAMOLEC

15 SEAMOLEC’s
staff

3

Treasury Training

18 November – 1
December 2012

Bogor

Umy Kurniaty,
Nurhajati

4

International Symposium on Open and
Distance Learning (ISODEL)

4-7 December 2012

Bali

Timbul Pardede

5

E-Learning Using Social Media
(EDMODO) Training

11 January 2013

SEAMOLEC

All SEAMOLEC’s
staff

6

Electronic Book Development Training

14 January 2013

SEAMOLEC

All SEAMOLEC’s
staff

7

Article Writing Training batch 1

1 February 2013

SEAMOLEC

All SEAMOLEC’s
staff

8

Article Writing Training batch 2

8 February 2013

SEAMOLEC

All SEAMOLEC’s
staff

2013 Annual Report

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Development

T

his iscal year, SEAMOLEC focuses on utilizing Edmodo as online collaborative learning platform and
integrating it with the utilization of BigBluButton as web conference platform to conduct synchronous
learning and discussion. Edmodo was chosen as platform to conduct collaborative learning because
it is easy to be used by teachers, students, and also parents. At present, Edmodo is used by more than 500
teachers in Indonesia and more than 100 teachers in Southeast Asia, while BigBlueButton is usually used to
provide synchronous discussions/ meetings during preparation phase of collaborative learning.

SEAMOLEC also continuing the development of Southeast Asia Open Educational Resources (SEA-OER) platform.
This platform are convinced able to enhance sharing resources within educators, teachers, and also students
in Southeast Asian countries to support ASEAN Community 2015.
1.

Online Collaborative Learning Platform by Edmodo
Edmodo is a social learning network and secure micro blogging platform where teachers and students
could interact and collaborate online. It has an interface similar to Facebook and it is much more secure
since it is a closed network. Both teachers and students could share notes, links, iles, and resources.
In addition, teachers have the ability to post alerts, assignments, quizzes, grades, reminders, conduct a
poll, and share events, while students have the ability to participate in online discussions on the message
board, submit homework, view grades, and communicate with their teachers. With Edmodo transmission
is fast and it saves paper.

Figure 1. Edmodo Framework
As shown above, Edmodo was developed on the principles of classroom management and group-based
social media. The main features of Edmodo are active learning support on communication as though online
social media, online learning materials, and online evaluation.

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26

Figure 2. Edmodo Main Interface
Edmodo interface is similar to Facebook, so that it makes comfortable for those irst time users who
usually have some experience in using Facebook as the biggest social media. Creating or joining a cyber
class is easy by clicking “create” or “join” link. Each cyber class is a close group. It has a group code as
password to join certain cyber class.
To support student-centered learning, SEAMOLEC makes a big effort to conduct training for teachers and
students on the utilization of Edmodo. Collaborative-based learning is one scenario that is possibly used
with this media. This scenario could be implemented by students in a class, between classes, and also
between schools. At present Edmodo is also used as a collaborative-based learning media to provide
online learning between Asian countries, namely the Indonesia - Th