Contoh Contoh Kata Kalimat yang Sering
17 Maret 2014 Ratno Nuryadi
Contoh-Contoh Kata/Kalimat yang Sering Digunakan dalam KTI
Internasional
A. Judul
1. A study of [on] …
2. Studies in …
3. Investigation of … / Inquiry into …
4. Analysis of …
5. Observations on [of] …
6. Problems of …
7. Aspects of …
8. … in …
9. On …
10. Etc
B. Introduction, Background
B.1. Selama ini riset … belum banyak dilakukan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Only few attempts [Surprisingly few studies] have so far been made at …
No studies have ever tried to …
… has never been examined.
Little attention has been given to the point.
The study of … has been strangely neglected by critics (scientists, etc.).
So far the study of … has been superficial.
Research on … often fails to grasp …
The problem is still in controversy.
The author (the work) has hitherto been ignored.
B.2. Riset ini pernah dilakukan
1. Numerous attempts have been made by scholars to show (demonstrate) …
2. Over the past few years (decades) a considerable number of studies have
been made on …
3. In the last few years, several articles have been devoted to the study of …
4. … has provoked a great deal of controversy.
5. Over the last few years (decades), … has been the subject of controversy.
6. Much ink has been spent on …
7. … have worked from a slightly different angle.
8. The researches of modern scientist have thrown new light on the subject.
9. … has been recently brought to light by …
10. In a recent paper published in … , … a new analysis (interpretation, etc.) of
…
11. In recent years there has been renewal of interest in …
1
B.3. Riset ini pernah dilakukan, tetapi belum cukup
1. Although … has been an object of study for a long time, there is a little
agreement as to …
2. Although a large number of studies have been made on … , little is known
about …
3. A great deal of effort has been made on … . What seems to be lacking,
however, is …
C. Tema dan Tujuan
C.1. Menulis tema dan tujuan dengan jelas
1. The purpose (aim) of this paper is to …
2. We are concern with … ( We deal with …)
3. Our concern is to consider (examine, etc.) …
4. This paper is intended as an investigation of …
5. It is because I believe that … that I have written this tudy.
6. The point I want to make is that …
7. What I wish to show in this paper is …
8. The present book is written with the aim of ing …
9. Two motives have combined to make me write a paper on …
10.The purpose here is to explore a little further into …
C.2. Menghindari hal yang tidak berhubungan dengan tema
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We are not concerned here with …
A close study of … is not necessary for our purpose.
… , but this is not our present concern.
… , but it is not my present purpose to explore this area.
…, but here I limit the discussion to …
C.3. Sesuai dengan lingkup …
1. … comes within the scope of this paper.
2. The intended the readership is …
3. The target audience is …
D. Kalimat Pembuka
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
First of all, we have to inquire into …
We will begin by considering …
The first question (point, etc.) to be discussed is …
A good place to start is …
As a beginning, we will examine …
Let us start with …
2
7. We will begin with a simple observation.
8. … provides a starting-point.
9. I would like to focus attention on …
E. Menunjukkan masalah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The question is …
The question now arises:
The question then arises about (as to) …
This drives us to the question whether (what, how, etc.) …
… is open to question.
Two points need to be made.
The question which has been touched from time to time but not explored is …
We are confronted by two difficulties. The first is … . The second is …
While there can be no doubt that … , there must be considerable doubt as to
…
10.There remains a second question:
11.The question which we must consider next is …
12.There is a further point which needs to be clarified.
13.One final point should be made about…
14.It remains an unsettled question what (how, whether, etc.) …
15.Having decided … , the only thing left to discuss is …
16.The problem increases when one turns from A to B.
F. Menyatakan fokus dan point masalah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The point about … is …
The core of all the questions is …
This is the central problem of …
Central to this issue is the problem of …
That goes to the very heart ( core) of the problem.
… is, in fact, the key to …
It offers the key to an understanding of …
Here one gets a glimpse of the secret background of …
Pursuing these questions, we almost reach the core of …
G. Melakukan klasifikasi
G.1. Melakukan pembagian kategori
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
There are three kinds of …
They may be divided into three types.
They can be classified into three main groups.
They are grouped into the same class.
… falls into three catagories.
… belongs to the category of …
… should be differentiated into A, B and C.
Here we have three distinct types (meanings, etc.) of …
The compound can be broken down into three parts.
3
G.2. Membagi masalah menjadi poin-poin
1. It will be useful, to begin with, to make a distinction between two kinds of …
2. Three points seem to be helpful in attempting to sketch out …
3. We may consider the subject under the following heads: (1) … ; (2) … ; and
(3) …
4. It seems reasonable to consider … through three types of organization.
5. The question resolves itself into the following two points.
G.3. Di luar kategori
1. … passes clean outside the category of …
2. … can be left outside the category of …
H. Menuliskan Urutan
H.1. Menuliskan urutan dari banyak masalah atau kejadian
1.
2.
3.
4.
First, … . Secondly, … . Thirdly, …
In the first place, … . In the second place, … . Furthermore, …
To begin with ( To start with), … then ( next), … . Finally ( lastly), … .
For one thing, … . What is more, … One final point is …
H.2. Poin penting menguat sesuai urutan
1. The first important point is … . Even more important is … . Most important of
all is …
H.3. Poin penting melemah sesuai urutan
1. The first and foremost, … . Next, … . Only in the final place, ….
I. Kalimat Penambahan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Added to this (these), …
In addition to this (these), …
It should also be added that …
To … we may add, for instance, …
There is one other thing that is important for (in) …
There is one further … that we must not ignore.
The most important addition to be made to what we have said about … is …
We need scarcely add that …
J. Memberikan Contoh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Take … for example.
… , for example, …
Examples of this are … , … , and …
… is a notable (good, typical, etc.) example.
… provides an example.
To take a simple example, …
4
7. Such as / like
8. This is an interesting case where …
9. This is a good illustration of …
10. The following serves as an example:
11. Here, for example, is a passage (a few lines, etc.) from …
12. Three examples will suffice to show …
13. The following are a few random examples:
14. Another example is …
15. Here is another example: …
16. Another example occurs in …
17. … is another illustration of the same point.
18. There are several other examples.
19. As a further example of … , let us consider the following extract (quotation)
from … :
20. Another, less elaborate (less typical), example is …
21. Similar examples will spring to ( come to) mind: …
22. Similar examples are abundant ( numerous).
23. Examples abound.
24. There are many cases where …
25. One can cite many examples which seem to support this.
26. I will take an example to illustrate (show, etc.) …
K. Menyatakan Pengecualian
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
There are a few exceptions to the rule.
… is an exception to the rule that …
With the exception of … / except … / except for … / except that …
This rule has its exceptions in …
…. , although it is subject to some exceptions.
One exception should be made to what has been said about …
… , and … is no exception.
Without exception, …
L. Menyatakan Bukti
1. There is good (sufficient, enough, considerable) evidence to show (prove)
that …
2. There is evidence in plenty to show that …
3. There is further evidence to suggest that …
4. There is evidence in favour of (in support of, to support) …
5. There is evidence against the idea.
6. … serves as evidence of …
7. … gives (produces) evidence for …
8. It would be possible to argue (though the evidence is not compeling) that …
9. It cannot be proved that …, but it seems likely (unlikely) that …
10.There is not much (enough) evidence to decide the matter.
11.Direct evidence for … is, and is likely to remain, exiguous.
12.There is no conclusive proof that …
13.The statement by … that … is not supported by independent evidence.
14.Experiments were perfomed to prove the hypothese.
5
15.… argues from textual evidence that …
16.The authenticity for … is doubtful (remains uncertain).
17.… gives authenticity to …
M. Menyatakan Poin Utama (summary)
1. In short (in brief)
2. To sum up
3. The point is that …
4. Let me summarize the main points that have been made in this chapter.
5. It can be best summarized in the following sentences:
6. We may put the whole question briefly in this way.
7. Such is an outline of …
8. It may be desirable to mention shortly the points of …
9. All of this amounts to saying that …
10.So far, we have seen how (what, that, etc.) …
11.What I have tried to show in this chapter is that …
12.It was observed in this (the preceding) chapter that …
N. Menyatakan Kejelasan Suatu …
1. It follows from what has been said that …
2. This example from … makes it clear that …
3. All these things make it clear that …
4. From this viewpoint one may say that …
5. We can see (recognize) from … what (how, that, etc.) …
6. It is clear (plain) that …
7. From these remarks one general point becomes very clear:
8. A close look at … will reveal that …
9. Reflection on some of these will make clear that …
10.Several observations in the last few paragraphs have shown what (how, that,
etc.)…
11.Viewed in this light, … can be regarded as …
O. Kesimpulan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
It should be concluded, from what has been said above that …
We may, therefore, reasonably conclude that …
It seems reasonable to conclude: …
Thus we see …
We may go on from this to the conclusion that …
We arrive at (come to) the conclusion that …
On these grounds I have come to the conclusion that …
In conclusion, (1) … ; (2) … ; (3) …
These results lead to the conclusion that …
6
Contoh-Contoh Kata/Kalimat yang Sering Digunakan dalam KTI
Internasional
A. Judul
1. A study of [on] …
2. Studies in …
3. Investigation of … / Inquiry into …
4. Analysis of …
5. Observations on [of] …
6. Problems of …
7. Aspects of …
8. … in …
9. On …
10. Etc
B. Introduction, Background
B.1. Selama ini riset … belum banyak dilakukan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Only few attempts [Surprisingly few studies] have so far been made at …
No studies have ever tried to …
… has never been examined.
Little attention has been given to the point.
The study of … has been strangely neglected by critics (scientists, etc.).
So far the study of … has been superficial.
Research on … often fails to grasp …
The problem is still in controversy.
The author (the work) has hitherto been ignored.
B.2. Riset ini pernah dilakukan
1. Numerous attempts have been made by scholars to show (demonstrate) …
2. Over the past few years (decades) a considerable number of studies have
been made on …
3. In the last few years, several articles have been devoted to the study of …
4. … has provoked a great deal of controversy.
5. Over the last few years (decades), … has been the subject of controversy.
6. Much ink has been spent on …
7. … have worked from a slightly different angle.
8. The researches of modern scientist have thrown new light on the subject.
9. … has been recently brought to light by …
10. In a recent paper published in … , … a new analysis (interpretation, etc.) of
…
11. In recent years there has been renewal of interest in …
1
B.3. Riset ini pernah dilakukan, tetapi belum cukup
1. Although … has been an object of study for a long time, there is a little
agreement as to …
2. Although a large number of studies have been made on … , little is known
about …
3. A great deal of effort has been made on … . What seems to be lacking,
however, is …
C. Tema dan Tujuan
C.1. Menulis tema dan tujuan dengan jelas
1. The purpose (aim) of this paper is to …
2. We are concern with … ( We deal with …)
3. Our concern is to consider (examine, etc.) …
4. This paper is intended as an investigation of …
5. It is because I believe that … that I have written this tudy.
6. The point I want to make is that …
7. What I wish to show in this paper is …
8. The present book is written with the aim of ing …
9. Two motives have combined to make me write a paper on …
10.The purpose here is to explore a little further into …
C.2. Menghindari hal yang tidak berhubungan dengan tema
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We are not concerned here with …
A close study of … is not necessary for our purpose.
… , but this is not our present concern.
… , but it is not my present purpose to explore this area.
…, but here I limit the discussion to …
C.3. Sesuai dengan lingkup …
1. … comes within the scope of this paper.
2. The intended the readership is …
3. The target audience is …
D. Kalimat Pembuka
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
First of all, we have to inquire into …
We will begin by considering …
The first question (point, etc.) to be discussed is …
A good place to start is …
As a beginning, we will examine …
Let us start with …
2
7. We will begin with a simple observation.
8. … provides a starting-point.
9. I would like to focus attention on …
E. Menunjukkan masalah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The question is …
The question now arises:
The question then arises about (as to) …
This drives us to the question whether (what, how, etc.) …
… is open to question.
Two points need to be made.
The question which has been touched from time to time but not explored is …
We are confronted by two difficulties. The first is … . The second is …
While there can be no doubt that … , there must be considerable doubt as to
…
10.There remains a second question:
11.The question which we must consider next is …
12.There is a further point which needs to be clarified.
13.One final point should be made about…
14.It remains an unsettled question what (how, whether, etc.) …
15.Having decided … , the only thing left to discuss is …
16.The problem increases when one turns from A to B.
F. Menyatakan fokus dan point masalah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The point about … is …
The core of all the questions is …
This is the central problem of …
Central to this issue is the problem of …
That goes to the very heart ( core) of the problem.
… is, in fact, the key to …
It offers the key to an understanding of …
Here one gets a glimpse of the secret background of …
Pursuing these questions, we almost reach the core of …
G. Melakukan klasifikasi
G.1. Melakukan pembagian kategori
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
There are three kinds of …
They may be divided into three types.
They can be classified into three main groups.
They are grouped into the same class.
… falls into three catagories.
… belongs to the category of …
… should be differentiated into A, B and C.
Here we have three distinct types (meanings, etc.) of …
The compound can be broken down into three parts.
3
G.2. Membagi masalah menjadi poin-poin
1. It will be useful, to begin with, to make a distinction between two kinds of …
2. Three points seem to be helpful in attempting to sketch out …
3. We may consider the subject under the following heads: (1) … ; (2) … ; and
(3) …
4. It seems reasonable to consider … through three types of organization.
5. The question resolves itself into the following two points.
G.3. Di luar kategori
1. … passes clean outside the category of …
2. … can be left outside the category of …
H. Menuliskan Urutan
H.1. Menuliskan urutan dari banyak masalah atau kejadian
1.
2.
3.
4.
First, … . Secondly, … . Thirdly, …
In the first place, … . In the second place, … . Furthermore, …
To begin with ( To start with), … then ( next), … . Finally ( lastly), … .
For one thing, … . What is more, … One final point is …
H.2. Poin penting menguat sesuai urutan
1. The first important point is … . Even more important is … . Most important of
all is …
H.3. Poin penting melemah sesuai urutan
1. The first and foremost, … . Next, … . Only in the final place, ….
I. Kalimat Penambahan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Added to this (these), …
In addition to this (these), …
It should also be added that …
To … we may add, for instance, …
There is one other thing that is important for (in) …
There is one further … that we must not ignore.
The most important addition to be made to what we have said about … is …
We need scarcely add that …
J. Memberikan Contoh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Take … for example.
… , for example, …
Examples of this are … , … , and …
… is a notable (good, typical, etc.) example.
… provides an example.
To take a simple example, …
4
7. Such as / like
8. This is an interesting case where …
9. This is a good illustration of …
10. The following serves as an example:
11. Here, for example, is a passage (a few lines, etc.) from …
12. Three examples will suffice to show …
13. The following are a few random examples:
14. Another example is …
15. Here is another example: …
16. Another example occurs in …
17. … is another illustration of the same point.
18. There are several other examples.
19. As a further example of … , let us consider the following extract (quotation)
from … :
20. Another, less elaborate (less typical), example is …
21. Similar examples will spring to ( come to) mind: …
22. Similar examples are abundant ( numerous).
23. Examples abound.
24. There are many cases where …
25. One can cite many examples which seem to support this.
26. I will take an example to illustrate (show, etc.) …
K. Menyatakan Pengecualian
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
There are a few exceptions to the rule.
… is an exception to the rule that …
With the exception of … / except … / except for … / except that …
This rule has its exceptions in …
…. , although it is subject to some exceptions.
One exception should be made to what has been said about …
… , and … is no exception.
Without exception, …
L. Menyatakan Bukti
1. There is good (sufficient, enough, considerable) evidence to show (prove)
that …
2. There is evidence in plenty to show that …
3. There is further evidence to suggest that …
4. There is evidence in favour of (in support of, to support) …
5. There is evidence against the idea.
6. … serves as evidence of …
7. … gives (produces) evidence for …
8. It would be possible to argue (though the evidence is not compeling) that …
9. It cannot be proved that …, but it seems likely (unlikely) that …
10.There is not much (enough) evidence to decide the matter.
11.Direct evidence for … is, and is likely to remain, exiguous.
12.There is no conclusive proof that …
13.The statement by … that … is not supported by independent evidence.
14.Experiments were perfomed to prove the hypothese.
5
15.… argues from textual evidence that …
16.The authenticity for … is doubtful (remains uncertain).
17.… gives authenticity to …
M. Menyatakan Poin Utama (summary)
1. In short (in brief)
2. To sum up
3. The point is that …
4. Let me summarize the main points that have been made in this chapter.
5. It can be best summarized in the following sentences:
6. We may put the whole question briefly in this way.
7. Such is an outline of …
8. It may be desirable to mention shortly the points of …
9. All of this amounts to saying that …
10.So far, we have seen how (what, that, etc.) …
11.What I have tried to show in this chapter is that …
12.It was observed in this (the preceding) chapter that …
N. Menyatakan Kejelasan Suatu …
1. It follows from what has been said that …
2. This example from … makes it clear that …
3. All these things make it clear that …
4. From this viewpoint one may say that …
5. We can see (recognize) from … what (how, that, etc.) …
6. It is clear (plain) that …
7. From these remarks one general point becomes very clear:
8. A close look at … will reveal that …
9. Reflection on some of these will make clear that …
10.Several observations in the last few paragraphs have shown what (how, that,
etc.)…
11.Viewed in this light, … can be regarded as …
O. Kesimpulan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
It should be concluded, from what has been said above that …
We may, therefore, reasonably conclude that …
It seems reasonable to conclude: …
Thus we see …
We may go on from this to the conclusion that …
We arrive at (come to) the conclusion that …
On these grounds I have come to the conclusion that …
In conclusion, (1) … ; (2) … ; (3) …
These results lead to the conclusion that …
6