DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Dan Fraksifraksinya Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus Multiresisten Dan Streptococcus Pyogenes Serta Profil Kltnya.
29
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdullah, C. & Retnoningrum, D.S., 2003 cit Madani, M., 2010, Perbandingan
Aktivitas dan Mekanisme Penghambatan Antibakteri Ekstrak Air dengan
Etil Asetat Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) terhadap Bakteri
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, dan Streptococcus
pyogenes, Skripsi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas
Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta
http:// www.neogen.com/
Acumedia,
2011, Manitol Salt Agar (7143),
Acumedia/ pdf / pdfinfo/ 7143.pdf (diakses tanggal 26 Desember 2013)
Ahameethunisa, A.R. & Hopper, W., 2010, Antibacterial Activity of
Artemisianilagirica Leaf Extracts Against Clinical and Phytopathogenic
Bacteria, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-6
Ahmad, B. & Ali, J., 2013, Physiochemical, Minerals, Phytochemical Contents,
Antimicrobial Activities Evaluation and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) Analysis of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Leaves Extracts, African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 (7), 375-388
Alcaras et al 2000 cit Cushnie, T.P.T, & Lamb, A.I., 2005, Antimicrobial Activity
of Flavonoids, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agent, 26, 343-356
Ansel, H.C., 1989, Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi, Edisi IV, Universitas
Indonesia, Jakarta 606-608
Backer, C.A. and van den Brink, R.C.B., 1965, Flora of Java: Spermatophytes
only Volume III, N.V.P. Noordhoff-Groningen-The Netherlands.
Chong, K. H., Zuraini, Z., Sasidharan, S., Devib Kalnisha, P. V., Yoga Latha, L.
& Ramanathand, S., 2008. Antimicrobial Activity of Elaeis guineensis
Leaf, Pharmacologyonline, 3, 379-386
Chusri, S., Villaneuva, I., Voravuthikunchai, S. P.,Davies, J., 2009, Enhancing
Antibiotic Activity : A Strategy to control Acinetobacter Infection, Jurnal
of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 64 (6), 1203-1211
CLS, 2013, MIO (Motility, Indol, Ornithine Decarboxylase), Clinical Laboratory
Science Program, Universitas of Nebraska Medical Center
Cowan, M. M., 1999, Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents,
Microbiology Review, 12 (4), 564-582.
Clinical
Dalimunthe, A., 2009, Interaksi Obat pada Anti Mikroba, Departemen
Farmakologi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan
30
Duraipandiyan, V., Ayyanar, M. & Ignacimuthu., S., 2006, Antimicrobial activity
of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu,
India, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-7
Farnsworth, N. R., 1966, Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55 (3)
Fidanoski, N & Fidanoski B., 2007, Staphylococcus Vs Streptococcus A
Comprehensive Analysis Comparison and Contras, Article, Port Credit,
Canada
Gibson, J. M., 1996, Mikrobiologi dan Patologi Modern untuk Perawat, Cetakan
Pertama, Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta
Gritter et al, 1991 cit Yuliastuti, D. & Sulistyani, N., 2013, Aktivitas Antibakteri
Ekstrak Etil Asetat Batang Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore)
Steen.) Terhadap Salmonella typhi serta Skrining Fitokimia, Skripsi,
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta
Hanafi, N. D., 2004, Perlakuan Silase dan Amoniasi Daun Kelapa Sawit sebagai
Bahan Baku Pakan Domba Silage, Fakultas Pertanian, Program Studi
Produksi Ternak, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Hayati, E. K. & Halimah, N., 2010, Phytochemical Test and Brine Shrimp
Letality Test Against Artemia Salina Leach of Anting-Anting (Acalypha
indica Linn.) Plant Extract, Maulana Malik Islamic State University of
Malang, 1 (2), 52-103
Hart, Tony., 2004, Microterrors, Buffalo, New York, Firefly Books Ltd
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L., Adelberg, E. A., 2005, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran,
diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Salemba Medika
Lorian, V., 1980, Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, Jilid I, 1-179, 510-515,
Jakarta, Universitas Indonesia Press
Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V. & Suyono, 2005, Skrining Fitokimia dan Analisis
Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Komponen Kimia Buah Labu Siam (Sechium
edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam Ekstrak Etanol, Biofarmasi, 3 (1), 26-31
Maryati, Fauzia, R. S, & Rahayu, T., 2007, Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak
Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocinum basilicum L.) Terhadap Staphylococus
aureus dan Eschericia coli, Jurnal Penelitian Sains dan Teknologi, 8 (1),
30-38
31
Nyananyo, B. L., Mensah, S. I., & Achama, 2010, C. Phytochemical
Investigations of Some Tropical Plants from The Niger Delta Area of
Nigeria, Scientia Africana, 9 (1), 173-177
Otsuka, H., 2006, Purification by Solvent Extraction Using Partition Coefficient,
In: Sarker, S., Latief, Z., & Gray, A., eds2, 269-270, Natural Product
Isolation, Humana Press, New Jersey.
O'Leary, William, 1989, Practical Handbook of Microbiology, CRC Press Inc,
Boca Raton
Parekh, J. & Chanda, S., 2007, Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on twelve
species of Indian medicinal plants, African Journal of Biomedical
Research, 10, 175 – 181
Rahayu, 2010 cit Pratiwi, D., Wahdaningsih, S. & Isnidar, 2013, Uji Aktivitas
Antioksidan Daun Bawang Mekah (Eleutherine americana Merr.) dengan
Metode DPPH, Trad Med Jurnal, 18(1), 9-16
Reiner, K., 2013, Catalase Test Protocol, American Society for Microbiology
Robie, R. M., 2011, Faktor Resiko Kolonisasi Staphylococcus aureus Pada Atlet
Sepak Bola di Semarang, Artikel ilmiah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas
Diponegoro
Robinson, 1995 cit Nuria, M. C., Faizatun, A., & Sumantri, 2009, Uji Aktivitas
Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas L) Terhadap
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli dan Salmonella typhy, Laporan penelitian,
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang, 5 (2), 26-37
Salle, A. J., 1961, Fundamental Principle of Bacteriology, 5th Edition, 719, 738,
New York, Mc Graw Hill Company Inc
Sasidharan, S., Nilawatyi, R., Xavier, R., Latha, LY., & Amala, R., 2010,Wound
Healing Potential of Elaeis guinensis. Jacq Leaves in a Infected Albina Rat
Model, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15, 3186-3199
Setiabudy, R., Pengantar Antimikroba dalam Farmakologi dan Terapi, 585 Edisi
V, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Schinor, E. C., Salvador, M. J., Ito, I. Y., Dias, D. A., 2007, Evaluation of the
Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts and Isolated Constituens from
Chresta scapigera, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38, 145-149
Septiana, R, 2011, Identifikasi dan Uji aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Teraktif Daun
Sirih Merah, Skripsi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
32
Spring,
2009,
Microbiology
20
Biochemical
Unkow,
(Online),
http://www.lamission.edu/lifesciences/steven/biochemicalunknownguideli
nes.pdf, (diakses tanggal 4 september 2012)
Stahl, E., 1985, Analisis Obat Secara Kromatografi dan Mikroskopis,
diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. Dan Soediro, I., 6-7, ITB, Bandung
Starr, M. P, 1981, The Prokaryotes 2nd, New York, Springer-Verlag Berlin
Hedelberg
Suryaningsih, A.E., Mulyani, S., & Retnaningtyas, E., 2010, Aktivitas Antibakteri
Senyawa Aktif Daun Senggani (Melastoma candidum D.Don) Terhadap
Bacillus licheniformis, Jurusan Biologi dan Kimia Universitas Sebelas
Maret
Tjitrosoepomo, G., 2010, Taksonomi Tumbuhan, 459-461, Yogyakarta, Gadjah
Mada University Press
Tsada, A., 2009, Resistensi antibiotik, S1 Gizi STIKES Husada Borneo,
Banjarbaru
Wagner, H., Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analisys: A Thin Layer Chromatography
Atlas, Second Ed., 350, New York, Springer
Wagner, 1984 cit Sari, Y. D., Djannah, S. N. & Nurani H. L., 2010, Uji Aktivitas
Antibakteri Infusa Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) secara In Vitro
terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli serta Profil KLTnya,
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta
Westh, H., Zinn, C.S., Rosdahl, V. T., Group S.S., 2004, An International
Multicenter Study of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from 15 Hospitals in 14 Countries,
Microbial Drugs Resistant, 10 (2), 1-8
Vijayarathna, S., Zakaria, Z., Chen, Y., Latha, L. Y., Kanwar, J. R., Sasidharan,
S., 2012, The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Elaeis guineensis,characterization,
in Vitro and in Vivo Studies, Molecules, 17, 4860-4877
Zain, U., 2005, Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat dalam Upaya Pemeliharaan
Kesehatan, Makalah, Divisi Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi, Bagian Ilmu
Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdullah, C. & Retnoningrum, D.S., 2003 cit Madani, M., 2010, Perbandingan
Aktivitas dan Mekanisme Penghambatan Antibakteri Ekstrak Air dengan
Etil Asetat Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) terhadap Bakteri
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, dan Streptococcus
pyogenes, Skripsi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas
Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta
http:// www.neogen.com/
Acumedia,
2011, Manitol Salt Agar (7143),
Acumedia/ pdf / pdfinfo/ 7143.pdf (diakses tanggal 26 Desember 2013)
Ahameethunisa, A.R. & Hopper, W., 2010, Antibacterial Activity of
Artemisianilagirica Leaf Extracts Against Clinical and Phytopathogenic
Bacteria, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-6
Ahmad, B. & Ali, J., 2013, Physiochemical, Minerals, Phytochemical Contents,
Antimicrobial Activities Evaluation and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) Analysis of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Leaves Extracts, African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 (7), 375-388
Alcaras et al 2000 cit Cushnie, T.P.T, & Lamb, A.I., 2005, Antimicrobial Activity
of Flavonoids, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agent, 26, 343-356
Ansel, H.C., 1989, Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi, Edisi IV, Universitas
Indonesia, Jakarta 606-608
Backer, C.A. and van den Brink, R.C.B., 1965, Flora of Java: Spermatophytes
only Volume III, N.V.P. Noordhoff-Groningen-The Netherlands.
Chong, K. H., Zuraini, Z., Sasidharan, S., Devib Kalnisha, P. V., Yoga Latha, L.
& Ramanathand, S., 2008. Antimicrobial Activity of Elaeis guineensis
Leaf, Pharmacologyonline, 3, 379-386
Chusri, S., Villaneuva, I., Voravuthikunchai, S. P.,Davies, J., 2009, Enhancing
Antibiotic Activity : A Strategy to control Acinetobacter Infection, Jurnal
of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 64 (6), 1203-1211
CLS, 2013, MIO (Motility, Indol, Ornithine Decarboxylase), Clinical Laboratory
Science Program, Universitas of Nebraska Medical Center
Cowan, M. M., 1999, Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents,
Microbiology Review, 12 (4), 564-582.
Clinical
Dalimunthe, A., 2009, Interaksi Obat pada Anti Mikroba, Departemen
Farmakologi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan
30
Duraipandiyan, V., Ayyanar, M. & Ignacimuthu., S., 2006, Antimicrobial activity
of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu,
India, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-7
Farnsworth, N. R., 1966, Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55 (3)
Fidanoski, N & Fidanoski B., 2007, Staphylococcus Vs Streptococcus A
Comprehensive Analysis Comparison and Contras, Article, Port Credit,
Canada
Gibson, J. M., 1996, Mikrobiologi dan Patologi Modern untuk Perawat, Cetakan
Pertama, Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta
Gritter et al, 1991 cit Yuliastuti, D. & Sulistyani, N., 2013, Aktivitas Antibakteri
Ekstrak Etil Asetat Batang Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore)
Steen.) Terhadap Salmonella typhi serta Skrining Fitokimia, Skripsi,
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta
Hanafi, N. D., 2004, Perlakuan Silase dan Amoniasi Daun Kelapa Sawit sebagai
Bahan Baku Pakan Domba Silage, Fakultas Pertanian, Program Studi
Produksi Ternak, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Hayati, E. K. & Halimah, N., 2010, Phytochemical Test and Brine Shrimp
Letality Test Against Artemia Salina Leach of Anting-Anting (Acalypha
indica Linn.) Plant Extract, Maulana Malik Islamic State University of
Malang, 1 (2), 52-103
Hart, Tony., 2004, Microterrors, Buffalo, New York, Firefly Books Ltd
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L., Adelberg, E. A., 2005, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran,
diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Salemba Medika
Lorian, V., 1980, Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, Jilid I, 1-179, 510-515,
Jakarta, Universitas Indonesia Press
Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V. & Suyono, 2005, Skrining Fitokimia dan Analisis
Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Komponen Kimia Buah Labu Siam (Sechium
edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam Ekstrak Etanol, Biofarmasi, 3 (1), 26-31
Maryati, Fauzia, R. S, & Rahayu, T., 2007, Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak
Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocinum basilicum L.) Terhadap Staphylococus
aureus dan Eschericia coli, Jurnal Penelitian Sains dan Teknologi, 8 (1),
30-38
31
Nyananyo, B. L., Mensah, S. I., & Achama, 2010, C. Phytochemical
Investigations of Some Tropical Plants from The Niger Delta Area of
Nigeria, Scientia Africana, 9 (1), 173-177
Otsuka, H., 2006, Purification by Solvent Extraction Using Partition Coefficient,
In: Sarker, S., Latief, Z., & Gray, A., eds2, 269-270, Natural Product
Isolation, Humana Press, New Jersey.
O'Leary, William, 1989, Practical Handbook of Microbiology, CRC Press Inc,
Boca Raton
Parekh, J. & Chanda, S., 2007, Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on twelve
species of Indian medicinal plants, African Journal of Biomedical
Research, 10, 175 – 181
Rahayu, 2010 cit Pratiwi, D., Wahdaningsih, S. & Isnidar, 2013, Uji Aktivitas
Antioksidan Daun Bawang Mekah (Eleutherine americana Merr.) dengan
Metode DPPH, Trad Med Jurnal, 18(1), 9-16
Reiner, K., 2013, Catalase Test Protocol, American Society for Microbiology
Robie, R. M., 2011, Faktor Resiko Kolonisasi Staphylococcus aureus Pada Atlet
Sepak Bola di Semarang, Artikel ilmiah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas
Diponegoro
Robinson, 1995 cit Nuria, M. C., Faizatun, A., & Sumantri, 2009, Uji Aktivitas
Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas L) Terhadap
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli dan Salmonella typhy, Laporan penelitian,
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang, 5 (2), 26-37
Salle, A. J., 1961, Fundamental Principle of Bacteriology, 5th Edition, 719, 738,
New York, Mc Graw Hill Company Inc
Sasidharan, S., Nilawatyi, R., Xavier, R., Latha, LY., & Amala, R., 2010,Wound
Healing Potential of Elaeis guinensis. Jacq Leaves in a Infected Albina Rat
Model, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15, 3186-3199
Setiabudy, R., Pengantar Antimikroba dalam Farmakologi dan Terapi, 585 Edisi
V, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Schinor, E. C., Salvador, M. J., Ito, I. Y., Dias, D. A., 2007, Evaluation of the
Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts and Isolated Constituens from
Chresta scapigera, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38, 145-149
Septiana, R, 2011, Identifikasi dan Uji aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Teraktif Daun
Sirih Merah, Skripsi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
32
Spring,
2009,
Microbiology
20
Biochemical
Unkow,
(Online),
http://www.lamission.edu/lifesciences/steven/biochemicalunknownguideli
nes.pdf, (diakses tanggal 4 september 2012)
Stahl, E., 1985, Analisis Obat Secara Kromatografi dan Mikroskopis,
diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. Dan Soediro, I., 6-7, ITB, Bandung
Starr, M. P, 1981, The Prokaryotes 2nd, New York, Springer-Verlag Berlin
Hedelberg
Suryaningsih, A.E., Mulyani, S., & Retnaningtyas, E., 2010, Aktivitas Antibakteri
Senyawa Aktif Daun Senggani (Melastoma candidum D.Don) Terhadap
Bacillus licheniformis, Jurusan Biologi dan Kimia Universitas Sebelas
Maret
Tjitrosoepomo, G., 2010, Taksonomi Tumbuhan, 459-461, Yogyakarta, Gadjah
Mada University Press
Tsada, A., 2009, Resistensi antibiotik, S1 Gizi STIKES Husada Borneo,
Banjarbaru
Wagner, H., Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analisys: A Thin Layer Chromatography
Atlas, Second Ed., 350, New York, Springer
Wagner, 1984 cit Sari, Y. D., Djannah, S. N. & Nurani H. L., 2010, Uji Aktivitas
Antibakteri Infusa Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) secara In Vitro
terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli serta Profil KLTnya,
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta
Westh, H., Zinn, C.S., Rosdahl, V. T., Group S.S., 2004, An International
Multicenter Study of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from 15 Hospitals in 14 Countries,
Microbial Drugs Resistant, 10 (2), 1-8
Vijayarathna, S., Zakaria, Z., Chen, Y., Latha, L. Y., Kanwar, J. R., Sasidharan,
S., 2012, The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Elaeis guineensis,characterization,
in Vitro and in Vivo Studies, Molecules, 17, 4860-4877
Zain, U., 2005, Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat dalam Upaya Pemeliharaan
Kesehatan, Makalah, Divisi Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi, Bagian Ilmu
Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara