JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’ JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’ KNOWING (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’
KNOWING (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
A 320 060 138
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
APPROVAL
JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’
KNOWING (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEACH PAPER
by
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
A 320 060 138
Approved to be Examined
by Consultant Team
Consultant I
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum)
Consultant II
(Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum.)
ACCEPTANCE
JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’
KNOWING (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
A 320 060 138
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair Person)
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum.
(Member I)
3.
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum
(Member II)
DEAN
DRS H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 574
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is
no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
am concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except
the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with statement above, I
will fully be responsible.
Surakarta, 17 February 2011
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
MOTTO
“When there is a will there will be a way”
“God gives us problem and solution”
“Princess is not always princess, princess sometime is servant for
herself and her desire.”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Do anything get something”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Someone who wastes money for anything unimportant, actually it does
not know how to save money.”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“The real bank in teenager’s life is canteen.”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Now the richer is the winner”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Doing after thinking is the best thing”
(Sarwono)
“Life can make us down and weak, but we have to choose whether wake
or stay on weak”
(Mr. Han ‘Jackie Chan’ in ‘Karate Kid’ Movie)
“Yesterday is history, today is story, tomorrow is mystery”
(The Head Master in ‘Kung Fu Panda’ Movie)
“Smiling makes you younger, giving makes you richer, and praying
makes you stronger”
(INDOSAT)
DEDICATION
Hearted dedicated to:
Allah SWT, The have of everything
Prophet Muhammad SAW, my inspiration
My beloved Father ‘Wismanto’ who is rest in peace in the heaven
My beloved Mother ‘Riyanti Lilik Ningtyasih’
My beloved Grandmother ‘Mbah Bayan Marni Sastro Tenoyo’
My beloved Husband ‘Sarwono’
My beloved Brother ‘Anggit Suko Pandu’
My beloved cousin ‘Alvian Indraningrum’, Artha Mahendra’, ‘Rozan
Naura Fatsa.T’, ‘Rozan Aruna Fatsa T’
My beloved big family in Indronatan, Rejoso, and Sari Mulyo
All of my best friends, Ika Ria, Icha, Dyah and Rini Inderiyani
All my friends in English Department ’06 especially C class
All users
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin, Glory to Allah SWT, the Lord of universe
that has blessed the writer with fabulous miracle and strength so that the writer
can finish this paper entitled “JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX
PROYAS’ KNOWING (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
The writer is fully aware this work cannot be separated from other
people’s help and guidance. Therefore, in this opportunity, the writer would like
to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The first consultant, Mrs. Dewi Candraningrum, Dr. Phil as the first consultant
who always gives permission, guidance, information, and correction during
the arrangement of this research paper.
2. The second consultant, Mr. Titis Setyabudi, S.S as the second consultant who
willingness to helps the writer to create and improve a better structure in doing
research paper in order to be more interesting to be read.
3. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. Mr. Titis Setyabudi, S.S the head of English Department.
5. Mrs. Dwi Haryanti as the writer’s parent in campus.
6. All the lecturers of English Department who have taught the writer during her
study in this university.
7. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta’s librarian which have been visited
by the writer to get required data.
8. The writer’s beloved mother ‘RIYANTI LILIK NINGTYASIH’ who always
prays for the best for her only daughter and her only son. The writer’s beloved
father ‘WISMANTO’ who always become the writer’s inspiration. The writer
will always pray for him. For writer’s parent who the writer will never be able
to pay for the entire thing that they give to the writer. Thank for your attention,
love, support and sacrifice. The writer loves you very much.
9. The writer’s beloved husband ‘SARWONO’ who always motivates the writer
to finish this research. Thank you for your patient, your love, your attention
and your support. The writer loves you so much.
10. The writer’s beloved grandmother ‘MBAH BAYAN MARNI SASTRO
TENOYO’ who gives the writer the way how to survive in this life.
11. The writer’s beloved uncle and aunt ‘DOSO JOKO SAPTONO’ and
‘NADHIFA HERNING LISTYORINI’ who always give the writer motivation
and spirit.
12. The writer’s beloved brother ‘ANGGIT SUKO PANDU (PANDA)’ who
always helps the writer to repair computer to make the writer easy to write and
finish this research paper. Thanks very much.
13. The writer’s beloved cousin Fera Aryani, Putri Nindya Hastuti, Bagus Ananto,
Sadha Mahardika, Erlinta Yudhantoro, Robby Agus Nugroho, Taufiq Bukhori,
Tantri Rahayu, Dinar Bayu Aji, Salsabila Qoirunnisa, Alvian Indraningrum,
Arta Mahendra, Afifah Istiqomah, Fairuz Zahidah, Rozan Naura Fatsa Tenoyo
and Rozan Aruna Fatsa Tenoyo.
14. The writer’s beloved friends Ika Ria Puspita Niasari, Ika Rima
Solikhaningrum, Dyah Kusumaningrum, Kartika Dewi, Ni’mah Khairi,
Oktona Williani, Sri Minarti, Rini Inderiyani, Septi, Utami, Amirul Huda.
Thanks for togetherness and happiness.
15. All of English Department students 2006 Teguh Setiawan, Atut Mahardika,
Sarindra Dewi, Nanang Setiawan, Andra Armika, ,
16. All of KSU Mandiri members, Mbak Rini Jasmine Tea, Dek Deasy Ginger
Tea, Darmadi Kopa Kopi, Eddy Orange Shake, Mbak Ais Juicy and Mbak
Susi Cilok.
17. All of the writer’s students in English Solution Mita, Ninda, Anna, Agus,
Yoga, Rifky, Isnaini, Endah, Safira, Ayuk, Arum and Alfi. Thanks for coming
on time.
18. All of the writer’s students in Global Education Center Mega, Ficki, Melin,
Amel, Anna, Stefano, Riska, Dyah, Galih, Fahreni, Cahyo, Jatu, Habibah,
Laela, Ayuk, Yopika, Irfan, Setyawan, Yudha, Erni, Arsetho, Afif, Siska,
Ardhan, Arvian, Fina, Dicky.
19. The entire writer’s teaching friends Mrs. Wahyu Sekar Asih, Ms. Lia, Ms.
Redy Setyaningsih, Mr. Freddy Komarudin, Ms. Dian, Ms. Ika, Ms. Siti, Ms
Kartika, Ms. Ni’mah, Mrs. Nuning and Mr. Pradana Ibrahim.
For all the writer can present nothing but the deepest thank and the writer
hopes Allah SWT will bless all of you. The writer is really aware this research
paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer hopes it can evoke some
criticism for improvement. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for those
who want to analyze Alex Proyas’ Knowing and can increase the reader’s
knowledge related to literary works.
Surakarta, 17 February 2011
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH..........................................................................
i
APPROVAL ....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY...................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
x
LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................ xiii
SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ...............................................................
1
B. Literature Review ..........................................................................
9
C. Problem Statement ........................................................................
9
D. Objective of the Study ...................................................................
9
E. Benefit of the Study ......................................................................
9
F. Research Method ...........................................................................
10
G. Research Paper Organization ........................................................
11
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................
13
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ..............................................................
13
B. Structure of Personality .................................................................
14
1. Id .............................................................................................
14
2. Ego ..........................................................................................
16
3. Superego ..................................................................................
19
C. Notion of Anxiety ..........................................................................
21
1. Realistic Anxiety......................................................................
22
2. Neurotic Anxiety .....................................................................
22
3. Moral Anxiety ..........................................................................
22
D. Ego Defense Mechanism .............................................................
23
1. Repression ……………………………………………………
23
2. Projection ................................................................................
23
3. Displacement ...........................................................................
24
4. Rationalization ........................................................................
24
5. Reaction Formation .................................................................
24
6. Regression ...............................................................................
25
7. Sublimation .............................................................................
25
8. Denial ......................................................................................
26
9. Undoing ...................................................................................
26
10. Isolation ...................................................................................
26
11. Fixation ...................................................................................
26
E. Structural Element of the Movie ..................................................
27
1. Narrative Element ...................................................................
27
2. Technical Element ...................................................................
35
F. Theoretical Application .................................................................
43
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE .....................
45
A. Structural Elements of the Movie .................................................
45
1. Narrative Elements ..................................................................
45
a. Character and Characterization .........................................
45
b. Plot .....................................................................................
58
c. Point of View .....................................................................
64
d. Theme ................................................................................
65
e. Cast ....................................................................................
66
2. Technical Elements .................................................................
70
a. Mise-en-scene ....................................................................
71
b. Cinematography ................................................................
80
c. Editing ...............................................................................
82
d. Sound ................................................................................
84
B. Discussion .....................................................................................
85
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS .......................................
88
A. Structure of John’s Personality .....................................................
88
B. Anxieties ........................................................................................
98
C. Discussion ..................................................................................... 104
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 106
A. Conclusion .................................................................................... 106
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................... 110
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1 ...........................................................................................................
46
Figure 2 ...........................................................................................................
48
Figure 3 ...........................................................................................................
50
Figure 4 ...........................................................................................................
51
Figure 5 ...........................................................................................................
53
Figure 6 ...........................................................................................................
54
Figure 7 ...........................................................................................................
55
Figure 8 ...........................................................................................................
56
Figure 9 ...........................................................................................................
57
Figure 10 .........................................................................................................
72
Figure 11 .........................................................................................................
72
Figure 12 .........................................................................................................
73
Figure 13 .........................................................................................................
73
Figure 14 .........................................................................................................
73
Figure 15 .........................................................................................................
76
Figure 16 .........................................................................................................
76
Figure 17 .........................................................................................................
77
Figure 18 .........................................................................................................
77
Figure 19 .........................................................................................................
77
Figure 20 .........................................................................................................
78
Figure 21 .........................................................................................................
78
Figure 22 .........................................................................................................
79
Figure 23 .........................................................................................................
79
Figure 24 .........................................................................................................
79
Figure 25 .........................................................................................................
83
Figure 26 .........................................................................................................
83
Figure 27 .........................................................................................................
84
Figure 28 .........................................................................................................
84
Figure 29 ..........................................................................................................
89
Figure 30 .........................................................................................................
89
Figure 31 .........................................................................................................
90
Figure 32 .........................................................................................................
90
Figure 33 .........................................................................................................
91
Figure 34 .........................................................................................................
93
Figure 35 .........................................................................................................
93
Figure 36 .........................................................................................................
94
Figure 37 .........................................................................................................
95
Figure 38 .........................................................................................................
96
Figure 39 .........................................................................................................
96
Figure 40 .........................................................................................................
97
Figure 41 .........................................................................................................
98
Figure 42 .........................................................................................................
99
Figure 43 ......................................................................................................... 100
Figure 44 ......................................................................................................... 100
Figure 45 ......................................................................................................... 101
Figure 46 ......................................................................................................... 102
Figure 47 ......................................................................................................... 103
SUMMARY
A.D. TIRTANINGRUM. A 320 060 138. JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN
ALEX PROYAS’ KNOWING (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEACH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
2011.
The major problem of this study is how the anxiety is reflected in the
major character’s personality. The aim of this study is to analyze Alex Proyas’
Knowing based on the structural elements and the development of personality of
the major character based on Psychoanalytic Approach. This study focuses on the
major character, namely John Koestler.
The benefit of this study is to give additional information which can be
used by the other literature researchers who are interested in analyzing this movie.
This study uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data source. The
primary data source is the manuscript of the movie itself, while the secondary data
are taken from some information needed. The method of data collection is
qualitative method.
Based on the analysis, the outcome of this study shows that the problem of
major character encounters causes the conflict of his mental condition. Then, it
develops to become anxiety and influences him to do some ways to escape from
it. Then his ways are not effective to overcome the problem because finally he and
his family have to die in the end of the day.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dewi Candraningrum , Dr. Phil.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum
Dean
School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Drs. H Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK 547
KNOWING (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
A 320 060 138
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
APPROVAL
JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’
KNOWING (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEACH PAPER
by
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
A 320 060 138
Approved to be Examined
by Consultant Team
Consultant I
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum)
Consultant II
(Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum.)
ACCEPTANCE
JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX PROYAS’
KNOWING (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
A 320 060 138
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair Person)
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum.
(Member I)
3.
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum
(Member II)
DEAN
DRS H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 574
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is
no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
am concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except
the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with statement above, I
will fully be responsible.
Surakarta, 17 February 2011
A.D.TIRTANINGRUM
MOTTO
“When there is a will there will be a way”
“God gives us problem and solution”
“Princess is not always princess, princess sometime is servant for
herself and her desire.”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Do anything get something”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Someone who wastes money for anything unimportant, actually it does
not know how to save money.”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“The real bank in teenager’s life is canteen.”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Now the richer is the winner”
(A.D.Tirtaningrum)
“Doing after thinking is the best thing”
(Sarwono)
“Life can make us down and weak, but we have to choose whether wake
or stay on weak”
(Mr. Han ‘Jackie Chan’ in ‘Karate Kid’ Movie)
“Yesterday is history, today is story, tomorrow is mystery”
(The Head Master in ‘Kung Fu Panda’ Movie)
“Smiling makes you younger, giving makes you richer, and praying
makes you stronger”
(INDOSAT)
DEDICATION
Hearted dedicated to:
Allah SWT, The have of everything
Prophet Muhammad SAW, my inspiration
My beloved Father ‘Wismanto’ who is rest in peace in the heaven
My beloved Mother ‘Riyanti Lilik Ningtyasih’
My beloved Grandmother ‘Mbah Bayan Marni Sastro Tenoyo’
My beloved Husband ‘Sarwono’
My beloved Brother ‘Anggit Suko Pandu’
My beloved cousin ‘Alvian Indraningrum’, Artha Mahendra’, ‘Rozan
Naura Fatsa.T’, ‘Rozan Aruna Fatsa T’
My beloved big family in Indronatan, Rejoso, and Sari Mulyo
All of my best friends, Ika Ria, Icha, Dyah and Rini Inderiyani
All my friends in English Department ’06 especially C class
All users
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin, Glory to Allah SWT, the Lord of universe
that has blessed the writer with fabulous miracle and strength so that the writer
can finish this paper entitled “JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN ALEX
PROYAS’ KNOWING (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
The writer is fully aware this work cannot be separated from other
people’s help and guidance. Therefore, in this opportunity, the writer would like
to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The first consultant, Mrs. Dewi Candraningrum, Dr. Phil as the first consultant
who always gives permission, guidance, information, and correction during
the arrangement of this research paper.
2. The second consultant, Mr. Titis Setyabudi, S.S as the second consultant who
willingness to helps the writer to create and improve a better structure in doing
research paper in order to be more interesting to be read.
3. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. Mr. Titis Setyabudi, S.S the head of English Department.
5. Mrs. Dwi Haryanti as the writer’s parent in campus.
6. All the lecturers of English Department who have taught the writer during her
study in this university.
7. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta’s librarian which have been visited
by the writer to get required data.
8. The writer’s beloved mother ‘RIYANTI LILIK NINGTYASIH’ who always
prays for the best for her only daughter and her only son. The writer’s beloved
father ‘WISMANTO’ who always become the writer’s inspiration. The writer
will always pray for him. For writer’s parent who the writer will never be able
to pay for the entire thing that they give to the writer. Thank for your attention,
love, support and sacrifice. The writer loves you very much.
9. The writer’s beloved husband ‘SARWONO’ who always motivates the writer
to finish this research. Thank you for your patient, your love, your attention
and your support. The writer loves you so much.
10. The writer’s beloved grandmother ‘MBAH BAYAN MARNI SASTRO
TENOYO’ who gives the writer the way how to survive in this life.
11. The writer’s beloved uncle and aunt ‘DOSO JOKO SAPTONO’ and
‘NADHIFA HERNING LISTYORINI’ who always give the writer motivation
and spirit.
12. The writer’s beloved brother ‘ANGGIT SUKO PANDU (PANDA)’ who
always helps the writer to repair computer to make the writer easy to write and
finish this research paper. Thanks very much.
13. The writer’s beloved cousin Fera Aryani, Putri Nindya Hastuti, Bagus Ananto,
Sadha Mahardika, Erlinta Yudhantoro, Robby Agus Nugroho, Taufiq Bukhori,
Tantri Rahayu, Dinar Bayu Aji, Salsabila Qoirunnisa, Alvian Indraningrum,
Arta Mahendra, Afifah Istiqomah, Fairuz Zahidah, Rozan Naura Fatsa Tenoyo
and Rozan Aruna Fatsa Tenoyo.
14. The writer’s beloved friends Ika Ria Puspita Niasari, Ika Rima
Solikhaningrum, Dyah Kusumaningrum, Kartika Dewi, Ni’mah Khairi,
Oktona Williani, Sri Minarti, Rini Inderiyani, Septi, Utami, Amirul Huda.
Thanks for togetherness and happiness.
15. All of English Department students 2006 Teguh Setiawan, Atut Mahardika,
Sarindra Dewi, Nanang Setiawan, Andra Armika, ,
16. All of KSU Mandiri members, Mbak Rini Jasmine Tea, Dek Deasy Ginger
Tea, Darmadi Kopa Kopi, Eddy Orange Shake, Mbak Ais Juicy and Mbak
Susi Cilok.
17. All of the writer’s students in English Solution Mita, Ninda, Anna, Agus,
Yoga, Rifky, Isnaini, Endah, Safira, Ayuk, Arum and Alfi. Thanks for coming
on time.
18. All of the writer’s students in Global Education Center Mega, Ficki, Melin,
Amel, Anna, Stefano, Riska, Dyah, Galih, Fahreni, Cahyo, Jatu, Habibah,
Laela, Ayuk, Yopika, Irfan, Setyawan, Yudha, Erni, Arsetho, Afif, Siska,
Ardhan, Arvian, Fina, Dicky.
19. The entire writer’s teaching friends Mrs. Wahyu Sekar Asih, Ms. Lia, Ms.
Redy Setyaningsih, Mr. Freddy Komarudin, Ms. Dian, Ms. Ika, Ms. Siti, Ms
Kartika, Ms. Ni’mah, Mrs. Nuning and Mr. Pradana Ibrahim.
For all the writer can present nothing but the deepest thank and the writer
hopes Allah SWT will bless all of you. The writer is really aware this research
paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer hopes it can evoke some
criticism for improvement. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for those
who want to analyze Alex Proyas’ Knowing and can increase the reader’s
knowledge related to literary works.
Surakarta, 17 February 2011
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH..........................................................................
i
APPROVAL ....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY...................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
x
LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................ xiii
SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ...............................................................
1
B. Literature Review ..........................................................................
9
C. Problem Statement ........................................................................
9
D. Objective of the Study ...................................................................
9
E. Benefit of the Study ......................................................................
9
F. Research Method ...........................................................................
10
G. Research Paper Organization ........................................................
11
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................
13
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ..............................................................
13
B. Structure of Personality .................................................................
14
1. Id .............................................................................................
14
2. Ego ..........................................................................................
16
3. Superego ..................................................................................
19
C. Notion of Anxiety ..........................................................................
21
1. Realistic Anxiety......................................................................
22
2. Neurotic Anxiety .....................................................................
22
3. Moral Anxiety ..........................................................................
22
D. Ego Defense Mechanism .............................................................
23
1. Repression ……………………………………………………
23
2. Projection ................................................................................
23
3. Displacement ...........................................................................
24
4. Rationalization ........................................................................
24
5. Reaction Formation .................................................................
24
6. Regression ...............................................................................
25
7. Sublimation .............................................................................
25
8. Denial ......................................................................................
26
9. Undoing ...................................................................................
26
10. Isolation ...................................................................................
26
11. Fixation ...................................................................................
26
E. Structural Element of the Movie ..................................................
27
1. Narrative Element ...................................................................
27
2. Technical Element ...................................................................
35
F. Theoretical Application .................................................................
43
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE .....................
45
A. Structural Elements of the Movie .................................................
45
1. Narrative Elements ..................................................................
45
a. Character and Characterization .........................................
45
b. Plot .....................................................................................
58
c. Point of View .....................................................................
64
d. Theme ................................................................................
65
e. Cast ....................................................................................
66
2. Technical Elements .................................................................
70
a. Mise-en-scene ....................................................................
71
b. Cinematography ................................................................
80
c. Editing ...............................................................................
82
d. Sound ................................................................................
84
B. Discussion .....................................................................................
85
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS .......................................
88
A. Structure of John’s Personality .....................................................
88
B. Anxieties ........................................................................................
98
C. Discussion ..................................................................................... 104
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 106
A. Conclusion .................................................................................... 106
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................... 110
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1 ...........................................................................................................
46
Figure 2 ...........................................................................................................
48
Figure 3 ...........................................................................................................
50
Figure 4 ...........................................................................................................
51
Figure 5 ...........................................................................................................
53
Figure 6 ...........................................................................................................
54
Figure 7 ...........................................................................................................
55
Figure 8 ...........................................................................................................
56
Figure 9 ...........................................................................................................
57
Figure 10 .........................................................................................................
72
Figure 11 .........................................................................................................
72
Figure 12 .........................................................................................................
73
Figure 13 .........................................................................................................
73
Figure 14 .........................................................................................................
73
Figure 15 .........................................................................................................
76
Figure 16 .........................................................................................................
76
Figure 17 .........................................................................................................
77
Figure 18 .........................................................................................................
77
Figure 19 .........................................................................................................
77
Figure 20 .........................................................................................................
78
Figure 21 .........................................................................................................
78
Figure 22 .........................................................................................................
79
Figure 23 .........................................................................................................
79
Figure 24 .........................................................................................................
79
Figure 25 .........................................................................................................
83
Figure 26 .........................................................................................................
83
Figure 27 .........................................................................................................
84
Figure 28 .........................................................................................................
84
Figure 29 ..........................................................................................................
89
Figure 30 .........................................................................................................
89
Figure 31 .........................................................................................................
90
Figure 32 .........................................................................................................
90
Figure 33 .........................................................................................................
91
Figure 34 .........................................................................................................
93
Figure 35 .........................................................................................................
93
Figure 36 .........................................................................................................
94
Figure 37 .........................................................................................................
95
Figure 38 .........................................................................................................
96
Figure 39 .........................................................................................................
96
Figure 40 .........................................................................................................
97
Figure 41 .........................................................................................................
98
Figure 42 .........................................................................................................
99
Figure 43 ......................................................................................................... 100
Figure 44 ......................................................................................................... 100
Figure 45 ......................................................................................................... 101
Figure 46 ......................................................................................................... 102
Figure 47 ......................................................................................................... 103
SUMMARY
A.D. TIRTANINGRUM. A 320 060 138. JOHN KOESTLER’S ANXIETY IN
ALEX PROYAS’ KNOWING (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEACH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
2011.
The major problem of this study is how the anxiety is reflected in the
major character’s personality. The aim of this study is to analyze Alex Proyas’
Knowing based on the structural elements and the development of personality of
the major character based on Psychoanalytic Approach. This study focuses on the
major character, namely John Koestler.
The benefit of this study is to give additional information which can be
used by the other literature researchers who are interested in analyzing this movie.
This study uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data source. The
primary data source is the manuscript of the movie itself, while the secondary data
are taken from some information needed. The method of data collection is
qualitative method.
Based on the analysis, the outcome of this study shows that the problem of
major character encounters causes the conflict of his mental condition. Then, it
develops to become anxiety and influences him to do some ways to escape from
it. Then his ways are not effective to overcome the problem because finally he and
his family have to die in the end of the day.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dewi Candraningrum , Dr. Phil.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum
Dean
School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Drs. H Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK 547