GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CONVERSATIONAL STYLE IN APA KABAR INDONESIA TALK SHOW NEWS PROGRAM ON TVONE.

(1)

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CONVERSATIONAL STYLE IN

“APA KABAR INDONESIA TALK SHOW NEWS

PROGRAM ON TVONE”

A Thesis

Submitted to Post-Graduate School English Applied Linguistic Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

YULIA WARDA

Registration Number: 8106111042

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

(2)

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CONVERSATIONAL STYLE IN

“APA KABAR INDONESIA TALK SHOW NEWS

PROGRAM ON TVONE”

A Thesis

Submitted to Post-Graduate School English Applied Linguistic Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

YULIA WARDA

Registration Number: 8106111042

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

(3)

(4)

(5)

ABSTRACT

Warda, yulia. Gender Differences in Conversational Style in “ApaKabar Indonesia Talk Show News on Tvone”.Thesis.English Applied Linguistics Study Program.Post Graduate School.State University of Medan 2013.

The aim of this study is to describe the features of conversational style and different ways of communication between male and female presenters in “ApaKabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on Tvone”. The subjects of this study were five presenters, with two male presenters and three female presenters as the participant. The data are gathered by download the video tape from you tube, these data (utterances of male and female presenters) had been transcribed into written text. It is done to identify, categorize and analyze the utterances of male and female presenters (data) into the features of conversational style and different ways of communication between male and female presenters in the talk show news. In data analysis it is found that 1) male presenters are dominantly used amount of talk, interruption, and conversation support than female presenters do in the talk show news. 2) male presenters are able to commubicate by female-like strategies in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on Tvone”, and vice versa female presenters are able to communicate by male-like strategies in the talk show news. 3) male and female presenters used style differently, because they have different characteristics in social life.

(6)

ABSTRAK

Wardayulia, Gender Differences in Conversational Style in “ApaKabar Indonesia Talk Show News on Tvone”( perbedaan gender dan gaya percakapan dalam program talk show beritaApakabar Indonesia di Tvone ). Tesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Negeri Medan 2013.

Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmenjelaskan

cirri-cirigayapercakapandancaraberkomunikasi yang berbedaantara presenter laki-lakidanperempuandalam program talk show beritaApaKabar Indonesia di Tvone. Subjek yang ditelitidalampenelitianini, terdiridari 5 presenter yaitu 2 presenter laki-lakidan 3 presenter perempuansebagaipartisipan. Data yang diperolehdenganmendown load video tape dari you tube dan data tersebuttelah di transkripdalambentuktulisan. Hal ini di lakukanuntukmengidentifikasi, mengkategorikansertamenganalisa data (ujaran presenter laki-lakidanperempuan) kedalam cirri-cirigayapercakapandancaraberkomunikasi yang berbedaantara presenter laki-lakimaupunperempuan di talk show beritatersebut. Padaanalisis data ditemukanbahwa 1) presenter laki-lakilebihdominanbanyakberbicara, interupsidanmengekspresikanpercakapan yang mensuportdaripada presenter perempuan yang terdapat di talk show berita, 2) dalam phenomena talk show news Apa Kabar Indonesia di temukan bahwa presenter laki-laki juga berkomunikasi sama seperti presenter perempuan, begitu juga sebaliknya presenter perempuan berkomunikasi sama seperti presenter laki-laki. 3) presenter laki-laki dan perempuan menggunakan gaya percakapan yang berbeda karena mereka memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dalam kehidupan sosial.

(7)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all I would like to extend writer’s endless gratitude to Allah SWT who has given me strength to finish this thesis as one the requirements to gather the degree of Magister Humaniora.

The writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to Prof. AmrinSaragih, Ph.D, her first adviser, for the valuable time spent in giving the suggestions, comments, and criticism to qualify the content of this thesis. She also would like to express her deep and sincere gratitude for Prof. T, Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph,D her second adviser who has spent her time for giving support, advise and idea to complete this thesis.

She also extends most sincere gratitude to the broad examiners Prof. Dr.Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed, and Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd. for their constructive comments, suggestions and valuable time for the improvement of this thesis.

The writer also would like to express her sincere gratitude to Dr. Sri MindaMurni, M.Si as the secretary to English Applied Linguistics Program, for her assistance regarding the administrative procedures and all lecturers who have taught her valuable knowledge and attitude.

She would like also to extend most sincere gratitude to her beloved parents Abdul manaf and Sumayani for giving support, care, prayers, love and advice. Their patience, support, care, prayers, love and advice have been spirit to complete this thesis. Her appreciation is also dedicated to her younger sister Khodijah Sari. And thank to her best friends Intan, Ida, Ami, Efrini

(8)

PanjaitanM.hum, ruri , putri, sister evi and ika and for all my friends at LTBI A2 who had given her supports and suggestions for completing this thesis.

Finally, the writer is aware of this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, she had been high appreciation for all constructive critics for its improvement.

Medan, 10 maret 2013

(9)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...i

ABSTRAK ...ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...iii

CONTENTS ...v

LIST OF ABBREVIATION……….viii

LIST OF TABLES ...ix

LIST OF MATRICES ...x

LIST OF FIGURE ...xi

LIST OF APPENDICES ...xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1The Background of the Study ...1

1.2The Problems of the Study ...6

1.3The Objectives of the Study ...6

1.4 The Scopes of the Study ...7

1.5The Significances of the Study ...8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Gender in Interaction...9

2.2 The Characteristics of Male and Female language ...10

2.2.1 Six Differences of Men and Women in Communication ...11

2.2.2 Growing up Male and Female ...15

2.3 Conversational Style ...17

(10)

2.3.2 Difference in Conversational Style ...21

2.4 Talk Show ...22

2.4.1 Apakabar Indonesia Talk Show News ...23

2.4.2 BukanEmpat Mata Talk Show ...24

2.4.3 TVONE ...26

2.5 Conceptual Framework ...27

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design...30

3.2 Data and Data Source ...30

3.3 Techniques of Data Collection ...30

3.4 Techniques of Data Analysis ...31

3.5 Trustworthiness ...33

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Data Analysis ...36

4.1.1 The Features of Conversational Style Used by Male and female Presenters ...38

4.1.1.1 Amount of Talk Feature ...40

4.1.1.2 Interruption Feature ...52

4.1.1.3 Conversation Support feature ...59

(11)

4.1.1.5 Compliment Feature ...65

4.2 The Different Ways of Male and Female Presenteres in AKI on TVONE ...67

4.3 Reasons of Male and Female Presenters Use Style Differently ...86

4.4 Findings ...92

4.5 Discussions ...94

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ...98

5.2 Suggestions ...99

(12)

(13)

LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 1 ... 11

Table 2 ... 12

Table 3 ... 16

Table 4 ... 19

(14)

LIST OF FIGURE

Page Figure 1 ... 29

(15)

LIST OF MATRICES

Pages

Matrix 1.1 ... 38

Matrix 1.2 ... 39

Matrix 1.3 ... 68

Matrix 1.4 ... 71

Matrix 1.5 ... 73

Matrix 1.6 ... 76

Matrix 1.7 ... 80

Matrix 1.8 ... 83

(16)

LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages Appendix I ... 103 Appendix II... 110 Appendix III ... 125

(17)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MP : male presenter FP : female presenter D : doni

AS :asifrifki GN : grace natali PA : paramitaandini IR : indirahmawati

(18)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1The Background of the Study

Conversation is due to make the interaction, whereas speaker and listener are able to encode and decode the messages in conversation it self, while there are three models of interaction: first is transmitter, it means that the person sends his/her message in communication, second is receiver it means that the person being communicated with, and the third is noise, it is the set of factors which can interfere the communication between transmitter and receiver.

The previous researcher, Katharine from Michigan University, discussed gender differences in conversation style, she found that women’s share of conversation about work and money, and it is similar to men do. But the finding which was given by her was not complete. It is because she only focused on the conversation topic not in some way or style in due the conversation.

In addition, Jennifer from Victoria University, she stated that men’s humor revolves more often than women’s around work in same sex. In her research, she took in same sex, she didn’t compare in mix sex to identify the men’s and women’s humor.

Language used by male and female presenters in “Coffee Break on Tvone”, it can be seen that male and female presenters used conversation support in their style of conversation, for instance:

(19)

AJ (male presenter): 24 hari, ada seminggu lah buat jalan-jalan ya kan.. AJ (male presenter) : ya pemirsa anda pernah terbuai dengan kisah percintaan di mesir sana, waktu itu dengan ayat-ayat cinta. Nah ini juga dengan salah satu cerita dengan latar belakang mesir dan pemain yang cakep dan cantik.

AJ (male presenter) : anda telah terpilih sebagai peran Azam di film “ketika cinta bertasbih” pasti anda sangat senang dan bangga ya mendapatkan peran ini.

From the utterances above, male presenter (Andi jarot) is dominantly expressed conversation support than female presenter does in due to the interaction. He expressed conversation support to gather more information about the topic of “Ketika Cinta Bertasbih” and he effort for more dominant in taking the floor of conversation, in order to he can maintain the topic of discussion in the talk show news effort.

Female presenter expressed conversation support in “coffee break”, for instance:

Female Presenter : pasti bersyukurnya bukan main ya..terpilih dari

6.548 orang ya…

Female Presenter : ya aduh menyenangkan sekali ya..

Relating to the utterances above, female presenter uttered conversation support, because they are interested in her statement’s interviewee, and she effort to make closeness and warm feeling to her interviewee in the talk show.

(20)

Based on the utterances of male and female presenters above, it can be concluded that male presenter is dominantly used conversation support than female presenter does in the phenomena of talk show “Coffee Break”, but they have different goal when uttered conversation support, while male presenter expressed it to be more dominant in taking the floor of conversation and they want to gather much more information from their interviewee, whereas female presenter has expressed conversation support to be interested in her partner of conversation, in order to she effort to make warm feeling and closeness to her interviewee.

Pamela found that women are more dominantly used conversation support than men. Based on the phenomena of “Coffee Break” it is found that male presenter is dominantly uttered conversation support than female presenter does. Certainly it is contrasted with Fishman view’s which is stated that women are dominantly used conversation support than men speakers do.

Nevertheless, researcher conducts gender, whereas gender is describing male and female do, it is determined how do male and female express their language use in due to interaction. Theoretically, male and female have different way in communication (Tannen: 1992), she says that male tends to use his logic to tell something, whereas female tends to use her emotion and feeling in conversation. Tannen adds six differences of communication between men and women, such as; status versus support, independence versus intimacy, advice versus understanding, information versus feeling, order versus proposal and conflict versus compromise. According to Swann (2000:225) based on empirical studies of gender and talk have documented a specific features of conversational styles, namely; amount of

(21)

talk, tentativeness, conversational support, interruption, and compliments. These features are shown the different styles of male and female speakers in conversation.

Based on Tannen’s book about you just don’t understand while she observes men and women in doing conversation. She finds that males’ conversation is the way to negotiate your status in the group and keep people from pushing you around; you use talk to preserve your independence, whereas female’s conversation to negotiate closeness and intimacy; talk is the essence of intimacy so being best friends. It is concluded that male and female exactly have different cultural background.

Six differences of communication between male and female speakers can be seen based on the conversation of talk show “coffee break” on TV ONE. For instance:

Male presenter: untuk menuju destinasi dunia, Jabar mempunyai prinsip sapta pesona,,, apa itu sapta pesona pak?

Female presenter: nah…untuk menyegarkan ini pak…ada ketemu kemacetan..bagaimana caranya bisa mengurai kemacetan yang ada di Bandung setiap sabtu minggu hadir pak?

These dialogues male presenter is expressed proposal, because he did not directly go to the point of discussion when he ask for information about “sapta pesona” to his interviewee, whereas female presenter is uttered conflict in her way of communication, because she interrupted her interviewee for asking how is the way to face the problem of traffic jam in west java.

(22)

The data above are concluded that male presenter used proposal in his way of communication, while female presenter used conflict in her way of communication. In order to male didn’t only communicate by male-like strategies, but also male presenter was able to communicate by female-like strategies and vice versa female didn’t only communicate by female-like strategies, but also female presenter was able to communicate by male-like strategies. It is contrast with Tannen which is stated male speakers to be status, independence, conflict, order, information, and advice, while female speakers to be intimacy, support, proposal, feeling, understanding and compromise. But based on the phenomena in the talk show coffee break found that male presenter is uttered proposal by female-like strategies and female is uttered conflict by male-like strategies.

Based on the phenomenon of language use in talk show, it is believed that male presenter is able to communicate by female-like strategies and female presenter also is able to communicate by male-like strategies. That is my reason to choose gender differences and conversation style in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on TVone”, is there any differences of conversation style between male and female presenters or just the same of their conversation style between them in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on TVone”.

Relating to the fact, the researcher puts the emphasis of this research 1. The features of conversational style are used by male and female presenters in talk show news, 2. The different ways of communication between male and female presenters in talk show news, 3. The reasons of male and female presenters use the style of conversation differently in talk show news.

(23)

1.2 The Problems of the Study

Based on the background, the problems are formulated as the following. 1. What are the features of conversational styles are used by male and female

presenters in talk show news?

2. How are different ways of communication between male and female presenters realized in talk show news?

3. Why do male and female presenters use styles differently in the talk show news?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

Based on the problems of the study, the objectives of the research are.

1. to find out the features of conversational styles are used by male and female presenters in conversation of talk show news

2. to find out the different ways of communication between male and female presenters in conversation of talk show news

3. to describe why males and females presenters use the styles differently in conversation of talk show news.

(24)

1.4The Scopes of the Study

The conversational style is the basic tools with which people communication anything what is said in some way, that way is style. It can be stated that male and female have own style in conversation. In this study, writer is focused on the features of conversational style according to Swann (2000:225) are used by male and female presenters in “Apa kabar Indonesia talk show news program on TV ONE; it is any differences or just the same. The features of conversational style are amount of talk, tentativeness, interruption, conversational support and compliment. On the other hand, according to Tannen (1992) there are six differences of communication between men and women, such as status versus support, independence versus intimacy, advice versus understanding, information versus feeling, orders versus proposals, and conflict versus compromise.

(25)

1.5 The Significances of the Study

Findings of this study are expected to be useful for theoretically, practically and academically in some respects.

1. Theoretically, findings of this study will be expected to enrich the theories of sociolinguistics such as; Gender differences in due to conversation, especially for students who want to observe males’ and females’ styles in conversation, as we know that male and female have different styles in speaking.

2. Practically, findings are expected to be useful for other researchers who are interested in analyzing males’ and females’ characteristics in speech. In order to, other researchers are able to find that male speakers are able to communicate by female-like strategies and vice versa female speakers are able to communicate by male-like strategies.

3. Academically, findings can be helpful way for developing and increasing the world science especially in education of sociolinguistic in English Applied Linguistic Program. Moreover, it is the specific contribution to the language itself.

(26)

(27)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1. Conclusions

This study was concerned on gender differences in conversational style used by male and female presenters in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News

Program on TVONE”. It was aimed at describing the male and female presenters’

utterances used by the features of conversational style and six differences of communication between male and female speakers in the talk show news, and also describing the reason of male and female presenters used style differently. Based on data analysis, the conclusions are stated as follows:

1. The features of conversational style were used by male presenters are different with female presenters, based on the matrix of the features of conversational style used by male presenters are higher in using amount of talk, interruption and conversation support features than female presenters do in the talk show news.

2. The different ways of communication between male and female presenters

in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on Tvone” were

expended that male presenters are able to communicate by female-like strategies, and vice versa female speakers are able to communicate by male-like strategies in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on TVone”.

(28)

3. Male and female presenters used style differently in the talk show news, it was because male and female presenters have different characteristics in social life, and these characteristics have affected them to be having different style in doing interaction in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on TVone”.

5.2. Suggestions

It is suggested to those who concerned with gender differences and conversational style in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News on TVONE”.

1. It is suggested to the lecturer in teaching sociolinguistic, whereas this study can be conducted and elaborated in research field.

2. It is suggested for other researchers, who want to elaborate the study about gender differences and conversational style in other field.

3. It is suggested for students who want to study about sociolinguistic branch above all in mastering the characteristics of male and female speakers in making the interaction.

4. It is suggested for readers to develop the theory of gender differences and conversation style in due to the interaction in other field, such as; in debate program, daily conversation and entertainment program.

(29)

(30)

REFERENCES

Fishman, p. 1983. Interaction: The work women do. Language, Gender and Society. In Swann 2000, pp.227

George, Yule. 2006. The Study of Language (3rd Ed.). Cambridge University Press

Goodwin, Marjorie Harness. 1980. Directive-responses Speech Sequences in Girls’ and Boys’ task activities. In Eckert 2003, pp. 141

Lee, David. 1992. Competing Discourse Perspective and Ideology in Language. Longman: London and New York

Lakoff, Robin. 1975. Language and Women Place. In Swann 2000, pp. 227

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Maltz, D. and Borker, R. 1982. A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication. In Mary 2003, pp.122

Miles, M., Huberman, A.M. 1984.Qualitative Data Analysis. Beverly Hills: California Sage Publication. In Sibarani 2011, pp. 155

Penelope, Eckert, Mc Connel-Ginel Sally. 2003. Language and Gender. Cambridge University Press

Swann, Joan, Mestrhie, Rajend. 2000. Introduction to Sociolinguistic (2nd Ed.). Edinburg University Press

Thompson, Neil. 2003. Communication and Language: A handbook of Theory and Practice. New York: Palgrave Macmillan

Tannen, Deborah. 2005. Conversational Styles: Analyzing Talk among Friend (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press

---. 1990. You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men Conversation. New York: William Morrow

---. 1992. You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men Conversation. New York: Virgo Press

---. 1993. Gender and conversational Interaction. Oxford University Press

Talbot, Mary, Atkinson, Karen. 2003. Language and Power in the Modern World. Edinburgh University Press

Wray, Alison, Trott, Kate. 1998. Projects in Linguistics A Practical Guide to Researching Language. Oxford University Press.

(31)

The list of access on internet

Azedah, Nemati. 2007. Gender Differences in the Use of Linguistic Forms in the Speech of Men and Women: A Comperative Study of Persian and English. Journal Central Institute of Indian Languages. India

Amir, Zaini.Gender differences in the language use of Malaysian teen bloggers: GEMA online TM journal of language studies, Vol 12, January 2012 Barbara, B. Moran. 1992. Gender Differences in Leadership. Journal Library

Trends, Vol. 40, No.3, University of Illinois

http://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bistream/handle/2142/7791/librarytrends v40i3h-opt.pdf retrieved on 28 July 2012

Janet, H., & Miriam M. 1999. The Community of Practice: Theories and Methodologies in Language and Gender Research. Journal Language in society, Vol.28: United of America

Jacqueline, Stratford. 1998. Women and Men in Conversation: a Consideration of therapists’ interruptions in therapeutic discourse. Journal of Family Therapy. Oxford http://interruptions.net/literature/Stratford-JFT98.pdf

retrieved on 28 July 2012

Heather, Bortfeld. 2001. Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age, Relationship, Topic, Role and Gender. Journal Language and Speech.

State University of New York

http://Psychology.psy.sunysb.edu/sbrennan-/papers/boretal.pdfretrieved on 28 July 2012

Katherine, Bishoping. 1993. Gender Differences in Conversation Topics. University of Michigan. Journal Sex Roles, Vol. 28, No. 1-2

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45599/1/11199-2004-article-BF00289744.pdfretrieved on 28 July 2012

Lakoff, R. 1975. Language and Women’s Place. Journal Language in Society, Vol.2, No.1 (http//www.Jstor.org/Stable/4166707) retrieved on 5 May 2012

Niko, Besnier. 2007. Language and Gender Research at the Intersection of the Global and the Local. G & L Journal Vol. 1.1 67-78. The Netherlands http//pacific.socsci.uva.nl/besiner/pub/Language and Gender Research Globalization.pdf retrieved on 28 July 2012

West, C. and Zimmerman, D., 1985. Gender, Language and Discourse.Vol.4, 2009. Types of Talk Shows http://www.ehow.com/list retrieved on 23 April 2012

Alexandra. 2006. Gender, Conversational Style, Schemas and Policy.

http://www.seg.mit.edu/research/download,php?manuscript203

(32)

Bajner, Maria. Power in Conversation. University of Press

http://pte.academia.edu/MariaBajner/Papers/409558/Power in

Conversation retrieved on 5 May 2012

Levine. 2007. In F Morgan Elizabeth. In Interpreters, Conversational Style and Gender at Work. http://doug.stringham.net/uwasi/3350/3350-morgan-gender.pdf retrieved on 5 May 2012

L. Shitemi, Naomi. 2009. Language and Gender. Moi University: Kenya

http://international.iupui.edu/kenya/resources/Language-and-Gender.pdf retrieved on 5 May 2012

Moore, A. 2003.Language and

Gender.www.teachit.co.uk/armoore/lang.gender.htmretrieved on 28 July 2012

Patton, M.Q. 2002.Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. London: Sage

http://ils.unc.edu/ayanz/content-analysis.pdf retrieved on 5 May 2012 Tannen, Deborah. 1981. New York Jewish Conversational Style. International

journal of the sociology of language. Retrieved on 5 may (wwwg.georgetown.edu/faculty/Tanned/NYconversationalstyle.pdf) ---. 1982. Ethnic Style in Male-Female Conversation. Cambridge

University Press retrieved on 5 may 2012

http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/tannend/TANNEN%20ARTICL ES/PDFs%20of%20Tannen%20Articles/1983/Ethnic%20style%20in% 20Male-Female%20Conversation.pdf

---.1995.The Power of Talk. Harvard collage. Retrieved on 5 may 2012

(http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/tannend/pdfs/the_power_of_talk .pdf)

Kilroy , Donahue & Hubermas. The Genre of Talk Show. Retrieved on 5 may 2012 (http://justtv.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/talk-shows.pdf)

(1)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1. Conclusions

This study was concerned on gender differences in conversational style used by male and female presenters in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on TVONE”. It was aimed at describing the male and female presenters’ utterances used by the features of conversational style and six differences of communication between male and female speakers in the talk show news, and also describing the reason of male and female presenters used style differently. Based on data analysis, the conclusions are stated as follows:

2. The different ways of communication between male and female presenters in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on Tvone” were expended that male presenters are able to communicate by female-like strategies, and vice versa female speakers are able to communicate by male-like strategies in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News Program on TVone”.

(2)

5.2. Suggestions

It is suggested to those who concerned with gender differences and conversational style in “Apa Kabar Indonesia Talk Show News on TVONE”.

1. It is suggested to the lecturer in teaching sociolinguistic, whereas this study can be conducted and elaborated in research field.

2. It is suggested for other researchers, who want to elaborate the study about gender differences and conversational style in other field.

3. It is suggested for students who want to study about sociolinguistic branch above all in mastering the characteristics of male and female speakers in making the interaction.

(3)

(4)

REFERENCES

Fishman, p. 1983. Interaction: The work women do. Language, Gender and Society. In Swann 2000, pp.227

George, Yule. 2006. The Study of Language (3rd Ed.). Cambridge University Press

Goodwin, Marjorie Harness. 1980. Directive-responses Speech Sequences in

Girls’ and Boys’ task activities. In Eckert 2003, pp. 141