T PKKh 1201110 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................................iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................x
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..............................................................................................................xii
DAFTARGAMBAR ..............................................................................................................xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................................1
B. Fokus dan Pertanyaan Penelitian ..............................................................................6
C. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ..............................................................................7
1. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................7
2. Kegunaan Penelitian ...........................................................................................8
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..............................................................................................9
A. Deskripsi Teori ..........................................................................................................9
1. Konsep Dasar Intervensi Dini .......................................................................9
2. Orangtua dan Intervensi Dini .........................................................................12
3. Konsep Ketunarunguan .................................................................................14
a. Pengertian Tunarungu ..............................................................................14
b. Perkembangan Bicara dan Bahasa anak Tunarungu ...............................15
c. Pemerolehan Bahasa anak Tunarungu .....................................................17
d. Bicara dan Bahasa Sebagai Dampak Ketunarunguan ..............................22
4. Konsep Usia Dini ..........................................................................................24
5. Konsep Berkaitan Dengan Program ..............................................................26
6. Program Pelatihan Orangtua .........................................................................27
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
7. Penelitian Yang Relevan ...............................................................................30
8. Kerangka Berpikir .........................................................................................31
9. Hipotesis Penelitian ......................................................................................31
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .....................................................................................33
A. Pendekatan Penelitian ..............................................................................................33
B. Desain Penelitian ......................................................................................................33
C. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................................36
1. Prosedur Tahap 1 .................................................................................................36
a. Lokasi Penelitian ...........................................................................................36
b. Informan penelitian .......................................................................................36
c. Proses Penelitian Tahap 1 ..............................................................................39
d. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................40
e. Teknik Analisis Data......................................................................................42
2. Prosedur Tahap 2 .................................................................................................43
a. Prosedur Pelaksanaan Tahap 2 ......................................................................46
1. Menentukan Baseline ...............................................................................46
2. Menentukan Intervensi ............................................................................46
b. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................47
c. Teknik Pengolahan Data ................................................................................48
D. Penjelasakan Istilah ...................................................................................................49
1. Definisi Konsep Variabel ....................................................................................49
a. Variabel Bebas ...............................................................................................49
b. Variabel Terikat..............................................................................................50
2. Definisi Operasional Variabel .............................................................................52
a. Variabel Bebas ..............................................................................................52
b. Variabel Terikat ............................................................................................55
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................57
A. Deskripsi Kondisi Objektif .......................................................................................57
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Kemampuan Bicara dan Bahasa Anak Tunarungu ..............................................57
2. Pengembangan Kemampuan Bicara dan Bahasa oleh Orangtua .........................59
a. Deskripsi orangtua .........................................................................................60
3. Upaya Yang Dilakukan Orangtua Dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan Bicara Dan
Bahasa Anak .......................................................................................................63
a. Pemahaman tentang kemampuan bicara dan bahasa ......... .....................66
b. Sikap dan perlakuan orangtua ..................... .................................. ..........69
4. Pengembangan Kemampuan Bicara dan Bahasa di Sekolah .........................74
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................................76
1. Rumusan Program Pelatihan Orangtua ......................................................... 88
2. Rumusan Materi Program Pelatihan Orangtua Untuk Intervensi Dini Anak
Tunarungu ...................................................................................................... 90
3. Pelaksanaan Program Pelatihan ...................................................................... 94
4. Pelatihan Teori ................................................................................................ 94
a. PelatihanPraktekIntervensi.......................................................................... 94
b. Refleksi ....................................................................................................... 95
c. Evaluasi dan Tindak Lanjut ........................................................................ 95
5. Hasil Program Pelatihan Orangtua.................................................................... 96
a. Kemampuan Orangtua Dalam Pemahaman Ketunarunguan....................... 96
1) Hasil baseline 1 (A1) ......................................................................... 96
2) Hasil intervensi (B) ............................................................................ 99
3) Hasil baseline 2 (A2) ........................................................................ 100
4) Perolehan data kemampuan orangtua ............................................. 101
a) Analisis Data .............................................................................. 102
(1)
Analisis dalam kondisi ..................................................... 103
(2)
Panjang kondisi ................................................................ 103
(3)
Estimasi kecenderungan arah ........................................... 103
(4)
Kecenderungan Stabilitas ................................................. 105
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
(5)
Jejak Data ......................................................................... 109
(6)
Level stabilitas dan rentang .............................................. 109
(7)
Perubahan level ................................................................. 109
b) Analisis antar kondisi ................................................................. 112
(1)
Jumlah variabel yang diubah .......................................... 112
(2)
Perubahan kecenderungan dan efeknya ........................ 112
(3)
Perubahan kecenderungan stabilitas ............................... 113
(4)
Perubahan level ................................................................... 114
(5)
Presentasi data overlap .....................................................
114
b. Kemampuan Orangtua Dalam Pengembangan Kemampuan Bicara dan bahasa
..................................................................................................................
118
1) Hasil baseline 1 (A1) .........................................................................
118
2) Hasil intervensi (B) ............................................................................ 119
3) Hasil baseline 2 (A2) .........................................................................
121
4) Perolehan data subjek ......................................................................... 122
a) Analisis Data................................................................................ 123
(1)
Analisis dalam kondisi .....................................................
123
(2)
Panjang kondisi ...............................................................
123
(3)
Estimasi kecenderungan arah ..........................................
123
(4)
Kecenderungan Stabilitas .................................................. 125
(5)
Jejak Data .......................................................................... 129
(6)
Level stabilitas dan rentang ............................................... 130
(7)
Perubahan level ................................................................. 130
b) Analisis antar kondisi ................................................................... 132
(1)
Jumlah variabel yang diubah ...........................................
(2)
Perubahan kecenderungan dan efeknya.........................
(3)
Perubahan kecenderungan stabilitas .................................
(4)
Perubahan level ................................................................... 134
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
133
133
134
(5)
Presentasi data overlap ........................................................ 135
C. Pengujian Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 141
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ................................................................. 143
A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................... 143
B. Rekomendasi .................................................................................................................. 147
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................................. 148
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................... 153
RIWAYATHIDUP ................................................................................................................... 154
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................................iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................x
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..............................................................................................................xii
DAFTARGAMBAR ..............................................................................................................xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................................1
B. Fokus dan Pertanyaan Penelitian ..............................................................................6
C. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ..............................................................................7
1. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................7
2. Kegunaan Penelitian ...........................................................................................8
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..............................................................................................9
A. Deskripsi Teori ..........................................................................................................9
1. Konsep Dasar Intervensi Dini .......................................................................9
2. Orangtua dan Intervensi Dini .........................................................................12
3. Konsep Ketunarunguan .................................................................................14
a. Pengertian Tunarungu ..............................................................................14
b. Perkembangan Bicara dan Bahasa anak Tunarungu ...............................15
c. Pemerolehan Bahasa anak Tunarungu .....................................................17
d. Bicara dan Bahasa Sebagai Dampak Ketunarunguan ..............................22
4. Konsep Usia Dini ..........................................................................................24
5. Konsep Berkaitan Dengan Program ..............................................................26
6. Program Pelatihan Orangtua .........................................................................27
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
7. Penelitian Yang Relevan ...............................................................................30
8. Kerangka Berpikir .........................................................................................31
9. Hipotesis Penelitian ......................................................................................31
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .....................................................................................33
A. Pendekatan Penelitian ..............................................................................................33
B. Desain Penelitian ......................................................................................................33
C. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................................36
1. Prosedur Tahap 1 .................................................................................................36
a. Lokasi Penelitian ...........................................................................................36
b. Informan penelitian .......................................................................................36
c. Proses Penelitian Tahap 1 ..............................................................................39
d. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................40
e. Teknik Analisis Data......................................................................................42
2. Prosedur Tahap 2 .................................................................................................43
a. Prosedur Pelaksanaan Tahap 2 ......................................................................46
1. Menentukan Baseline ...............................................................................46
2. Menentukan Intervensi ............................................................................46
b. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................47
c. Teknik Pengolahan Data ................................................................................48
D. Penjelasakan Istilah ...................................................................................................49
1. Definisi Konsep Variabel ....................................................................................49
a. Variabel Bebas ...............................................................................................49
b. Variabel Terikat..............................................................................................50
2. Definisi Operasional Variabel .............................................................................52
a. Variabel Bebas ..............................................................................................52
b. Variabel Terikat ............................................................................................55
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................57
A. Deskripsi Kondisi Objektif .......................................................................................57
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Kemampuan Bicara dan Bahasa Anak Tunarungu ..............................................57
2. Pengembangan Kemampuan Bicara dan Bahasa oleh Orangtua .........................59
a. Deskripsi orangtua .........................................................................................60
3. Upaya Yang Dilakukan Orangtua Dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan Bicara Dan
Bahasa Anak .......................................................................................................63
a. Pemahaman tentang kemampuan bicara dan bahasa ......... .....................66
b. Sikap dan perlakuan orangtua ..................... .................................. ..........69
4. Pengembangan Kemampuan Bicara dan Bahasa di Sekolah .........................74
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................................76
1. Rumusan Program Pelatihan Orangtua ......................................................... 88
2. Rumusan Materi Program Pelatihan Orangtua Untuk Intervensi Dini Anak
Tunarungu ...................................................................................................... 90
3. Pelaksanaan Program Pelatihan ...................................................................... 94
4. Pelatihan Teori ................................................................................................ 94
a. PelatihanPraktekIntervensi.......................................................................... 94
b. Refleksi ....................................................................................................... 95
c. Evaluasi dan Tindak Lanjut ........................................................................ 95
5. Hasil Program Pelatihan Orangtua.................................................................... 96
a. Kemampuan Orangtua Dalam Pemahaman Ketunarunguan....................... 96
1) Hasil baseline 1 (A1) ......................................................................... 96
2) Hasil intervensi (B) ............................................................................ 99
3) Hasil baseline 2 (A2) ........................................................................ 100
4) Perolehan data kemampuan orangtua ............................................. 101
a) Analisis Data .............................................................................. 102
(1)
Analisis dalam kondisi ..................................................... 103
(2)
Panjang kondisi ................................................................ 103
(3)
Estimasi kecenderungan arah ........................................... 103
(4)
Kecenderungan Stabilitas ................................................. 105
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
(5)
Jejak Data ......................................................................... 109
(6)
Level stabilitas dan rentang .............................................. 109
(7)
Perubahan level ................................................................. 109
b) Analisis antar kondisi ................................................................. 112
(1)
Jumlah variabel yang diubah .......................................... 112
(2)
Perubahan kecenderungan dan efeknya ........................ 112
(3)
Perubahan kecenderungan stabilitas ............................... 113
(4)
Perubahan level ................................................................... 114
(5)
Presentasi data overlap .....................................................
114
b. Kemampuan Orangtua Dalam Pengembangan Kemampuan Bicara dan bahasa
..................................................................................................................
118
1) Hasil baseline 1 (A1) .........................................................................
118
2) Hasil intervensi (B) ............................................................................ 119
3) Hasil baseline 2 (A2) .........................................................................
121
4) Perolehan data subjek ......................................................................... 122
a) Analisis Data................................................................................ 123
(1)
Analisis dalam kondisi .....................................................
123
(2)
Panjang kondisi ...............................................................
123
(3)
Estimasi kecenderungan arah ..........................................
123
(4)
Kecenderungan Stabilitas .................................................. 125
(5)
Jejak Data .......................................................................... 129
(6)
Level stabilitas dan rentang ............................................... 130
(7)
Perubahan level ................................................................. 130
b) Analisis antar kondisi ................................................................... 132
(1)
Jumlah variabel yang diubah ...........................................
(2)
Perubahan kecenderungan dan efeknya.........................
(3)
Perubahan kecenderungan stabilitas .................................
(4)
Perubahan level ................................................................... 134
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
133
133
134
(5)
Presentasi data overlap ........................................................ 135
C. Pengujian Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 141
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ................................................................. 143
A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................... 143
B. Rekomendasi .................................................................................................................. 147
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................................. 148
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................... 153
RIWAYATHIDUP ................................................................................................................... 154
Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan 2014
Program intervensi dini bagi orangtua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bicara & bahasa untuk anak
tunarungu
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu