T ING 12009904 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION .................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Aims of the Study .......................................................................................... 4
1.3 Research Questions ....................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................... 4
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 5
1.6 Operational Definition ................................................................................... 5
1.7 Outline of the Thesis ..................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................... 7
2.1 Definition of Syllabus ................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Importance of Syllabus .......................................................................... 8
2.3 Elements of Syllabus ................................................................................... 10
2.4 Principles of Syllabus Design ...................................................................... 11
2.5 Types of Syllabus ........................................................................................ 12
2.6 Text-Based Syllabus .................................................................................... 12
2.6.1 Definition of Text-Based Syllabus ....................................................... 12
2.6.2 Foundation of Text-based Syllabus ...................................................... 13
2.6.3 Developing Text-Based Syllabus.......................................................... 20
2.6.4 Negotiating Text-Based Syllabus in the Research Site ........................ 23
2.6.5 Planning the Lesson in the Research Site ............................................. 27
2.6.6 Resourcing Instructional Materials in Text-Based Program................. 28
2.6.7 Implementing Text-based Syllabus ...................................................... 31
2.6.8 Criticism of Text-Based Syllabus ......................................................... 33
2.6.9 Describing Differences/ Gap between the Plan, the Syllabus and the
Actual Implementation .................................................................................. 34
2.6.10 Assessing Program based on Text-based Syllabus Design ................. 35
2.7 Research Paper ............................................................................................ 36
2.7.1 Research Paper Definitions, Criteria and Generic Structures ............... 39
2.7.2 Characteristics of Generic/ text Structures of Research Paper ............. 41
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
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2.8 Summary of the Discussion of Text-based Syllabus ................................... 45
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 47
3.1 Aims of the Study ........................................................................................ 47
3.2 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 47
3.3 Research Design and Research Method ...................................................... 47
3.4 Research Setting and Participant ................................................................. 48
3.5 Data Collection ............................................................................................ 49
3.5.1 Teaching Program ................................................................................. 50
3.5.2 Interview ............................................................................................... 52
3.5.3 Document Analysis ............................................................................... 54
3.6 Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 55
3.7Summary of the Methodology ...................................................................... 56
CHAPTER IV TEXT-BASED SYLLABUS DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION IN THE RESEARCH SITE ........................................ 57
4.1 Developing Text-Based Syllabus in the Research Site ............................... 57
4.1.1 Conducting Needs Analysis .................................................................. 57
4.1.2 Planning the Course .............................................................................. 67
4.1.3 Planning the Course Evaluation and Referral, Recording and Reporting
....................................................................................................................... 74
4.1.4 Developing Text-based Syllabus in the Research Site ......................... 75
4.2 Summary of Syllabus Development ............................................................ 76
4.3 Negotiating the Text-based Syllabus ........................................................... 77
4.4 Planning the Lesson based on Text-based Syllabus in the Research Site ... 80
4.5 Resourcing the Materials in the Research Site ............................................ 83
4.6 Implementing Text-based Syllabus in the Research Site ............................ 84
4.7 Summary of the text-based syllabus implementation in the research site . 120
4.8 Differences/ gap between the syllabus/ lesson plan and the teaching
implementation ................................................................................................ 123
4.9 Summary of the differences between the lesson plan/ syllabus and its
teaching implementation ................................................................................. 124
4.10 Assessment in the program ...................................................................... 125
4.10.1 Assessment used in the Classroom ................................................... 125
4.10.2 Formative/ ongoing assessment ........................................................ 125
4.10.3 Summative/ Final assessment ........................................................... 135
4.11 Evaluation of the Teaching Program ....................................................... 144
4.11.1 During the course evaluation ............................................................ 145
4.11.2 After the course evaluation ............................................................... 147
4.12 Conclusion of the Chapter ....................................................................... 151
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ........................................................................ 154
5.1 Aims and Research Questions ................................................................... 154
5.2 Conclusion of the Study ............................................................................ 154
5.3 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................ 154
5.4 Recommendations for Further Studies ......................................................... 155
REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 156
APPENDIX 1 PRELIMINARY INTERVIEW ................................................. 167
APPENDIX 2 DIAGNOSTIC WRITING ......................................................... 171
APPENDIX 3 COMPLETE SYLLABUS ......................................................... 172
APPENDIX 4 LEARNING MATERIALS ........................................................ 176
APPENDIX 5 COMPLETE LESSON PLAN ................................................... 206
APPENDIX 6 ONGOING INTERVIEW .......................................................... 221
APPENDIX 7 LEARNER’S WRITTEN WORK .............................................. 232
APPENDIX 8 OBSERVATION RECORDING TRANSCRIPT ...................... 241
APPENDIX 9 EXAMPLE OF PRACTICE USED IN JOINT CONSTRUCTION
............................................................................................................................. 251
APPENDIX 10 INTERVIEW AFTER THE TESTS ......................................... 252
APPENDIX 11 EXAMPLE OF THE TEST AND THE LEARNER ANSWER
............................................................................................................................. 254
APPENDIX 12 EXAMPLE OF ASSESSMENT REPORT .............................. 263
APPENDIX 13 EXAMPLE OF COLLEAGUE’S NOTES .............................. 266
APPENDIX 14 FINAL INTERVIEW ................................................................ 267
APPENDIX 15 CONSENT FORM FOR PERSON PARTICIPATING IN
RESEARCH ........................................................................................................ 269
APPENDIX 16 NOTES ON NEGOTIATION ………………………………................. 270
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 A Planning Grid adapted from (National Curriculum Project
Beginning Reading and Writing Nunan and Burton eds 1989:43 in Feez and
Joyce, 1998) ………………………………………………………………… 24
Table 2.2 The Evaluation of Materials Developed by Teachers Teacher …... 27
Table 2.3 Diagnostic Assessment Checklist for Assessing Learner’s writing
34
Table 2.4 Example of an Abstract involving more than one tense ………….
40
Table 4.1 The Result of Diagnostic Assessment (Research Paper Abstract) ..
56
Table 4.2 Teaching-Learning Timetable ……………………………………
62
Table 4.3 The Needs of the Learner based on the Needs Analysis …………
63
Table 4.4 Topic-based Organization of Text-based Syllabus ………………
69
Table 4.5 Text-based Syllabus Viewed from General Elements ……………
68
Table 4.6 Lesson Plan of Research Paper Abstract …………………………
78
Table 4.7 The Presentation of the Materials after the Modification ………… 100
Table 4.8 An Example of Practice in Text-structure of Abstract ……………
101
Table 4.9 An Example of Model of Results-driven Abstract ………………
102
Table 4.10 Example of Practice on Language Features of Abstract ………...
104
Table 4.11 Model of Text in the Field of Linguistics taken from Al-Kahtani
(2012) (J. King Saud Univ., Vol. 18, Lang. & Transl., pp. 35-57, Riyadh
(A.H. 1426/2005) …………………………………………………………… 106
Table 4.12 An Example of Model of Results-driven Abstract ……………… 107
Table 4.13 An Example of Material presenting Skeletal Phrases …………...
109
Table 4.14 Joint Construction ……………………………………………….
113
Table 4.15 The First Draft of the First Writing ……………………………...
126
Table 4.16 The Final Draft of the First Writing ……………………………..
129
Table 4.17 The First Draft of the Second Writing …………………………... 131
Table 4.18 The Final Draft of the Second Writing ………………………….
133
Table 4.19 The First Test ……………………………………………………. 137
Table 4.20 The Answer to the First Test …………………………………….
138
Table 4.21 The Results-Driven Abstract of the First Final Test …………….
139
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Table 4.22 The Answer of the Second Test …………………………………. 140
Table 4.23 The Results-driven Abstract of the Second Test ………………..
141
Table 4.24 The Answer of the Third Test …………………………………...
142
Table 4.25 The Results-driven Abstract of the Third Test …………………..
143
Table 2.26 The Evaluation of the Learning Materials used in the Study ……
149
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2.1 The Summary of the Syllabus Development in the Research Site
23
Fig. 3.1 Stages of Teaching in Text-based Syllabus ………………………… 48
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DECLARATION .................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Aims of the Study .......................................................................................... 4
1.3 Research Questions ....................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................... 4
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 5
1.6 Operational Definition ................................................................................... 5
1.7 Outline of the Thesis ..................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................... 7
2.1 Definition of Syllabus ................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Importance of Syllabus .......................................................................... 8
2.3 Elements of Syllabus ................................................................................... 10
2.4 Principles of Syllabus Design ...................................................................... 11
2.5 Types of Syllabus ........................................................................................ 12
2.6 Text-Based Syllabus .................................................................................... 12
2.6.1 Definition of Text-Based Syllabus ....................................................... 12
2.6.2 Foundation of Text-based Syllabus ...................................................... 13
2.6.3 Developing Text-Based Syllabus.......................................................... 20
2.6.4 Negotiating Text-Based Syllabus in the Research Site ........................ 23
2.6.5 Planning the Lesson in the Research Site ............................................. 27
2.6.6 Resourcing Instructional Materials in Text-Based Program................. 28
2.6.7 Implementing Text-based Syllabus ...................................................... 31
2.6.8 Criticism of Text-Based Syllabus ......................................................... 33
2.6.9 Describing Differences/ Gap between the Plan, the Syllabus and the
Actual Implementation .................................................................................. 34
2.6.10 Assessing Program based on Text-based Syllabus Design ................. 35
2.7 Research Paper ............................................................................................ 36
2.7.1 Research Paper Definitions, Criteria and Generic Structures ............... 39
2.7.2 Characteristics of Generic/ text Structures of Research Paper ............. 41
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.8 Summary of the Discussion of Text-based Syllabus ................................... 45
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 47
3.1 Aims of the Study ........................................................................................ 47
3.2 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 47
3.3 Research Design and Research Method ...................................................... 47
3.4 Research Setting and Participant ................................................................. 48
3.5 Data Collection ............................................................................................ 49
3.5.1 Teaching Program ................................................................................. 50
3.5.2 Interview ............................................................................................... 52
3.5.3 Document Analysis ............................................................................... 54
3.6 Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 55
3.7Summary of the Methodology ...................................................................... 56
CHAPTER IV TEXT-BASED SYLLABUS DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION IN THE RESEARCH SITE ........................................ 57
4.1 Developing Text-Based Syllabus in the Research Site ............................... 57
4.1.1 Conducting Needs Analysis .................................................................. 57
4.1.2 Planning the Course .............................................................................. 67
4.1.3 Planning the Course Evaluation and Referral, Recording and Reporting
....................................................................................................................... 74
4.1.4 Developing Text-based Syllabus in the Research Site ......................... 75
4.2 Summary of Syllabus Development ............................................................ 76
4.3 Negotiating the Text-based Syllabus ........................................................... 77
4.4 Planning the Lesson based on Text-based Syllabus in the Research Site ... 80
4.5 Resourcing the Materials in the Research Site ............................................ 83
4.6 Implementing Text-based Syllabus in the Research Site ............................ 84
4.7 Summary of the text-based syllabus implementation in the research site . 120
4.8 Differences/ gap between the syllabus/ lesson plan and the teaching
implementation ................................................................................................ 123
4.9 Summary of the differences between the lesson plan/ syllabus and its
teaching implementation ................................................................................. 124
4.10 Assessment in the program ...................................................................... 125
4.10.1 Assessment used in the Classroom ................................................... 125
4.10.2 Formative/ ongoing assessment ........................................................ 125
4.10.3 Summative/ Final assessment ........................................................... 135
4.11 Evaluation of the Teaching Program ....................................................... 144
4.11.1 During the course evaluation ............................................................ 145
4.11.2 After the course evaluation ............................................................... 147
4.12 Conclusion of the Chapter ....................................................................... 151
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ........................................................................ 154
5.1 Aims and Research Questions ................................................................... 154
5.2 Conclusion of the Study ............................................................................ 154
5.3 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................ 154
5.4 Recommendations for Further Studies ......................................................... 155
REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 156
APPENDIX 1 PRELIMINARY INTERVIEW ................................................. 167
APPENDIX 2 DIAGNOSTIC WRITING ......................................................... 171
APPENDIX 3 COMPLETE SYLLABUS ......................................................... 172
APPENDIX 4 LEARNING MATERIALS ........................................................ 176
APPENDIX 5 COMPLETE LESSON PLAN ................................................... 206
APPENDIX 6 ONGOING INTERVIEW .......................................................... 221
APPENDIX 7 LEARNER’S WRITTEN WORK .............................................. 232
APPENDIX 8 OBSERVATION RECORDING TRANSCRIPT ...................... 241
APPENDIX 9 EXAMPLE OF PRACTICE USED IN JOINT CONSTRUCTION
............................................................................................................................. 251
APPENDIX 10 INTERVIEW AFTER THE TESTS ......................................... 252
APPENDIX 11 EXAMPLE OF THE TEST AND THE LEARNER ANSWER
............................................................................................................................. 254
APPENDIX 12 EXAMPLE OF ASSESSMENT REPORT .............................. 263
APPENDIX 13 EXAMPLE OF COLLEAGUE’S NOTES .............................. 266
APPENDIX 14 FINAL INTERVIEW ................................................................ 267
APPENDIX 15 CONSENT FORM FOR PERSON PARTICIPATING IN
RESEARCH ........................................................................................................ 269
APPENDIX 16 NOTES ON NEGOTIATION ………………………………................. 270
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 A Planning Grid adapted from (National Curriculum Project
Beginning Reading and Writing Nunan and Burton eds 1989:43 in Feez and
Joyce, 1998) ………………………………………………………………… 24
Table 2.2 The Evaluation of Materials Developed by Teachers Teacher …... 27
Table 2.3 Diagnostic Assessment Checklist for Assessing Learner’s writing
34
Table 2.4 Example of an Abstract involving more than one tense ………….
40
Table 4.1 The Result of Diagnostic Assessment (Research Paper Abstract) ..
56
Table 4.2 Teaching-Learning Timetable ……………………………………
62
Table 4.3 The Needs of the Learner based on the Needs Analysis …………
63
Table 4.4 Topic-based Organization of Text-based Syllabus ………………
69
Table 4.5 Text-based Syllabus Viewed from General Elements ……………
68
Table 4.6 Lesson Plan of Research Paper Abstract …………………………
78
Table 4.7 The Presentation of the Materials after the Modification ………… 100
Table 4.8 An Example of Practice in Text-structure of Abstract ……………
101
Table 4.9 An Example of Model of Results-driven Abstract ………………
102
Table 4.10 Example of Practice on Language Features of Abstract ………...
104
Table 4.11 Model of Text in the Field of Linguistics taken from Al-Kahtani
(2012) (J. King Saud Univ., Vol. 18, Lang. & Transl., pp. 35-57, Riyadh
(A.H. 1426/2005) …………………………………………………………… 106
Table 4.12 An Example of Model of Results-driven Abstract ……………… 107
Table 4.13 An Example of Material presenting Skeletal Phrases …………...
109
Table 4.14 Joint Construction ……………………………………………….
113
Table 4.15 The First Draft of the First Writing ……………………………...
126
Table 4.16 The Final Draft of the First Writing ……………………………..
129
Table 4.17 The First Draft of the Second Writing …………………………... 131
Table 4.18 The Final Draft of the Second Writing ………………………….
133
Table 4.19 The First Test ……………………………………………………. 137
Table 4.20 The Answer to the First Test …………………………………….
138
Table 4.21 The Results-Driven Abstract of the First Final Test …………….
139
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Table 4.22 The Answer of the Second Test …………………………………. 140
Table 4.23 The Results-driven Abstract of the Second Test ………………..
141
Table 4.24 The Answer of the Third Test …………………………………...
142
Table 4.25 The Results-driven Abstract of the Third Test …………………..
143
Table 2.26 The Evaluation of the Learning Materials used in the Study ……
149
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2.1 The Summary of the Syllabus Development in the Research Site
23
Fig. 3.1 Stages of Teaching in Text-based Syllabus ………………………… 48
Raden Maesaroh , 2014
Text-Based Syllabus Design And Its Implementation In Academic Writing Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu