- Fakultas Hukum (5) INCOTERMS

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INCOTERMS
Masitoh Indriani
Departemen Hukum Internasional
FH Universitas Airlangga
masitoh@fh.unair.ac.id

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Contents
1

Definisi

2

Sejarah dan Perkembangan

3

Jenis-jenis Incoterms

4

Tugas?

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Definisi INCOTERMS
v INCOTERMS à International
Commercial Terms
v Incoterms à terminologi pengiriman
barang ekspor impor yang
diformulasikan secara khusus oleh ICC
(Int’l Chamber of Commerce)
v TujuannyaàMenghomogenkan
kosakata dalam Perdagangan
Internasional à Meminimalisasi
perselisihan hukum

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Please consider à
CISG Chapter II (obligation of the seller)

Article 30 – 44
Article 30 à “the seller must deliver the
goods, hand over any documents relating
to them and transfer the property in the
goods, as required by the contract and this
Convention”

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Inti dari pengaturan INCOTERMSà
Transfer of
v the tasks and responsibilities of buyer
and seller
v the allocation of delivery costs
v the risks associated with the transportation

and delivery of goods.

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INCOTERMS do:
v Membagi tugas, resiko dan biaya2 yang timbul
diantara exportir-importir
v Mengurangi potensi sengketa diantara exportirimportir
v INCOTERMS perlu ditentukan dalam kontrak
penjualan
v Diluar lingkup INCOTERMS, harus dibahas
secara detail hal- hal lain didalam kontrak
penjualan
v VAT ditentukan para pihak

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INCOTERM don’t:
v Merepresentasikan judul dari perjanjian
eksportir-importir

v Tidak membahas keseluruah kewajiban
eksportir-importir didalam perjanjian/kontrak
v Tidak berlaku secara otomatis à harus secara
jelas disebutkan didalam perjanjian
v Tidak membahas tentang pembayaran yang
timbul akibat sengketa antara eksportir-importir

Sejarah & perkembangan
INCOTERMS

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International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC)
INCOTERMS
1936

INCOTERMS
2000
8 x perubahan:

INCOTERMS 2010
Enter into force on 1 January 2011

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v Harus dianggap sebagai ‘Rules’ diantara
para pihak (exportir-importir)
v Telah diterjemahkan dalam berbagai
bahasa

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v Seller = Shipper = Exporter
v Buyer = Consignee = Importer

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Jenis-jenis INCOTERMS:

v INCOTERMS 2000
v INCOTERMS 2010

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INCOTERMS 2000

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INCOTERMS 2000
v 13 jenis/istilah
v Klasifikasi:
- Based on Type of Transportation
- Based on Letters

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Berdasarkan Moda Transportasi
1.  Transportasi Darat
- DAF (Delivered at Frontier)

2.  Transportasi Air
- FAS (Free Alongside Ship)
- FOB (Free on Board)
- CFR (Cost and Freight)
- CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)

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- DES (Delivered Ex Ship)
- DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)
3. Moda Transportasi jenis apapun:
- EXW (Ex-Work)
- FCA (Free Carrier)
- CPT (Carriage Paid To)
- CIP (Carriage &Insurance Paid To)
- DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
- DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

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Contoh:
penggunaan INCOTERMS 2000:
v FCA Jakarta INCOTERMS 2000
v FOB Liverpool INCOTERMS 2000
v DDU Frankfurt Schmidt GmbH Warehouse
4 INCOTERMS 2000

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INCOTERMS 2010

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INCOTERMS 2010
v 2 terms baru -> DAT dan DAP
DAT replaces DEQ
DAP replaces DAF – DES – DDU
v  2 kategori ->
1.  Rules for any Mode of Transport
2.  Rules for Sea and Inland Waterway

Transportation only

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INCOTERMS 2010
Any Mode

Waters Only

EXW

FAS

FCA

FOB

CPT

CFR

CIP

CIF

DAP
DAT
DDP

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EX WORKS
v Abbreviation: EXW
v Transport mode: all
v Minimum requirements for the seller
v Seller’s cost and risk end when seller places the
goods at the disposal of the buyer at sellers
premises or another named place
v Loading is buyer’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage is buyer’s responsibility

v Main-carriage is buyer’s responsibility

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Notes:
v Pre-Carriage – The movement that
happens BEFORE the container is loaded
on the ship
v (main) Carriage - The movement that
happens while the container is ON
BOARD the shipà Bill of Lading
v On-Carriage – The movement that
happens AFTER the container is
discharged from the ship

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FREE CARRIER…NAMED PLACE (usually the
seller’s Premises or a buyer appointed
carrier terminal on the seller’s side)
v Abbreviation: FCA
v Transport Mode: All
v Loading: truck, train, barge at Seller’s facility is
seller’s responsibility
v Pre- carriage is seller’s responsibility
v Seller’s cost & risk end when goods are
delivered to Buyer’s Carrier at the sellers
premises or another named place

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FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP… NAMED PORT OF
SHIPMENT
v Abbreviation: FAS
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train , barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is
seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Seller’s cost and risk end when goods are placed
alongside the vessel nominated by the buyer at the
named port of shipment
v Suggestion: In case of containers delivered at a
terminal, the FCA rule is more appropriate

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FREE ON BOARD… NAMED PORT OF SHIPMENT
v Abbreviation: FOB
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train, barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is the
Seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Vessel loading: Seller’s responsibility
v Seller’s cost and risk end when the goods are delivered
on board the vessel nominated by the buyer
v Suggestion: For containerized shipments, consider FCA
showing the carrier’s terminal at the port as the
designated place

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COST AND FREIGHT… NAMED PORT OF
DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CFR
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train, barge, etc. at Seller’s
facility is the Seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Vessel loading: Seller’s responsibility
v Main carriage: Seller’s responsibility (however,
Seller is not responsible for condition of goods
while they are in main carriage transit)

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v Seller’s risks for loss and damage end
when the goods are on board the vessel
v The Seller must contract and pay the
costs and freight necessary to bring the
goods to the named port of destination
v Suggestions: for containerized shipments,
consider CPT showing the destination port
or an inland location on the buyer’s side

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COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT…NAMED PORT OF
DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CIF
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train, barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is the
Seller’s responsibility
v Pre carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Vessel loading: Seller’s responsibility
v The seller’s risks of damage or loss end when goods are
on board the vessel
v The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight
necessary to bring the goods to the named port of
destination

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v Insurance: Seller must effect an insurance
policy on behalf of the buyer
v Main carriage: the contract of main
carriage and payment are the seller’s
responsibility
v Suggestion: for containerized shipments,
consider CIP showing the destination port
or an inland location on the buyer’s side.

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CARRIAGE PAID TO… NAMED PLACE OF
DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CPT
v Transport mode: All
v Loading: Seller’s responsibility
v Pre carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Main carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Seller’s risk ends when goods are delivered to
the carrier or another person nominated by the
seller at an agreed place

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v Suggestions: Ideal for containerized
shipments
v The Seller must contract for the costs of
carriage necessary to bring the goods to
the named place of destination

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CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO…
NAMED PLACE OF DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CIP
v Transport Mode: All
v Loading: truck, train, barge at Seller’s facility is
Seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Insurance: Seller must provide buyer with
insurance policy

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v Seller’s risk ends when goods are
delivered to the carrier or another person
nominated by the seller at an agreed place
v The seller must contract for the costs of
carriage necessary to bring the goods at
the named place of destination

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DELIVERED AT TERMINAL (terminal on Buyer’s side)
v Abbreviation: DAT
v Transport mode: all
v Seller’s risks end once goods are unloaded from the
arriving means of transport and placed at the disposal of
the buyer at a named terminal at port or place of
destination
v The Seller must contract for the costs of carriage to the
named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination
v Suggestion: when using this term it is recommended to
specify as clearly as possible the terminal at the agreed
port or place of destination, as the risks to that point are
for the account of the Seller

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DELIVERED AT PLACE ( on Buyer’s side)
v Abbreviation: DAP
v Transport mode: all
v The seller’s risks end when goods are placed at the
disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of
transport ready for unloading
v The Seller bears the costs for the carriage of the
goods to the named place of destination or the
agreed place
v Suggestion: when using this term, make clear which
party is responsible for unloading and any type of
on-carriage

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DELIVER DUTY PAID… NAMED PLACE (on Buyer’s
side)
v Abbreviation: DDP
v Transport mode: All
v The Seller bears
a. all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to
the place of destination and
b. has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export
but also for import,
c. has to pay any duty for both export and import and
d. Has to carry out all customs formalities
v The seller will also need to bear the VAT !

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v Tugas??

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