Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

  P A A A A A A P

  The 16 _{AAAP th} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of _Congress Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change Food Security Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Proceedings , Policy

  Full Papers , Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

  Proceedings Full Papers th

  The 16 AAAP Congress

  ! " # $" % & '&

   !!

  " "# $% &% & $'#%(" % " "

• # () $ & ' &
• && * ,
• & ! - , * - ' . & * . * / * . 0& * + (1$(2 3 - 41(2. 5 .

  6

  7 4849 , && 7 4( : 4;.< *

• = > ' & * 0 && ? ' * &
• & ' & * @ - ? *

  A3 ;<8$)14$82<9$8<$<

• ( ! - 4 + B & *
• 2 * / 9 0&

  # &

   Scope of AAAP: AAAP is established to devote for the efficient animal production in the Asian-Australasian region through national, regional, international cooperation and academic conferences.

   Brief History of AAAP: AAAP was founded in 1980 with 8 charter members representing 8 countries-those are Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines and Thailand. Then, the society representing Taiwan joined AAAP in 1982 followed by Bangladesh in 1987, Papua New Guinea in 1990, India and Vietnam in 1992, Mongolia, Nepal and Pakistan in 1994, Iran in 2002, Sri Lanka and China in 2006 , thereafter currently 19 members.

   Major Activities of AAAP: Biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress, Publications of the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences and proceedings of the AAAP congress and symposia and Acknowledgement awards for the contribution of AAAP scientists.

   Organization of AAAP:

  ∙ President: Recommended by the national society hosting the next biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress and approved by Council meeting and serve 2 years. ∙ Two Vice Presidents: One represents the present host society and the other represents next host society of the very next AAAP Animal Science Congress. ∙ Secretary General: All managerial works for AAAP with 6 years term by approval by the council ∙ Council Members: AAAP president, vice presidents, secretary general and each presidents or representative of each member society are members of the council. The council decides congress venue and many important agenda of AAAP  Office of AAAP: Decided by the council to have the permanent office of AAAP in Korea.

  Currently # 909 Korea Sci &Tech Center Seoul 135-703, Korea  Official Journal of AAAP: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. ISSN 1011-2367. http://www.ajas.info ) is published monthly with its main office in Korea  Current 19 Member Societies of AAAP:

  

ASAP(Australia), BAHA(Bangladesh), CAASVM(China), IAAP(India), ISAS(Indonesia),

  

IAAS(Iran), JSAS(Japan), KSAST(Korea), MSAP(Malaysia), MLSBA(Mongolia),

NASA(Nepal), NZSAP(New Zealand), PAHA(Pakistan), PNGSA(Papua New Guinea),

PSAS(Philippines), SLAAP(Sri Lanka), CSAS(Taiwan), AHAT(Thailand), AHAV(Vietnam).

   Previous Venues of AAAP Animal Science Congress and AAAP Presidents

  I 1980 Malaysia S. Jalaludin

  II 1982 Philippines

  V. G. Arganosa

  III 1985 Korea In Kyu Han

  IV 1987 New Zealand

  A. R. Sykes V 1990 Taiwan T. P. Yeh

  VI 1992 Thailand

  C. Chantalakhana

  VII 1994 Indonesia

  E. Soetirto

  VIII 1996 Japan T. Morichi

  IX 2000 Australia J. Ternouth X 2002 India P. N. Bhat

  XI 2004 Malaysia Z. A. Jelan

  XII 2006 Korea

  I. K. Paik

  XIII 2008 Vietnam N.V. Thien

  XIV 2010 Taiwan L.C. Hsia

  XV 2012 Thailand C.Kittayachaweng XVI 2014 Indonesia Yudi.Guntara.Noor

  _{10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II} th

  Code Title Page

   1365

  

   1369

  

   1373

  

  

  

  

   POSTER PRESENTATION Code Title Page Genetic and Reproduction

  Large Ruminant

   1383

  

  

  

   1387

  

   1390

  

   1394

  

   1398

  

  _{Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Code Title Page

   1402

  

   1406

  

   1410

  

   1415

  

   1419

  

   1423

  

  t 1427

  

   1431

  

   1435

  

  

  

   1444

  

  _{10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II} th

  Code Title Page

   1447

  

   1451

  

   1455

  

   1458

  

   1461

  

   1465

  

   1469

  

  

  

   1475

  

  

  

   1483

  

   1486

  

  _{Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Code Title Page

   1491

  

   1495

  

   1498

  

   1501

  

   1504

  

  

   1512

  

  

  

   1520

  

   1523

   Small Ruminant

   1527

  

  _{10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II} th

  Code Title Page

   1531

  

   1535

  

   1538

  

   1541

  

   1544

  

   1548

  

   1552

  

   1555

  

   1558

   Poultry

   1562

  

   1566

  

  

  _{Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Code Title Page

   1572

  

   1577

  

   1580

  

   1584

  Kunhareang

   1588

  

   1592

   Others

   1596

  

   1600

   Kim

   1604

  

   1608

  

  

  

  _{10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II} th

  Code Title Page

   1612

  

   1616

  

  

  

   1624

  

   1628

  

   1632

  

   1636

  

   1639

  

  

  

  

  

  _{Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Code Title Page

   1651

  

   1654

  

  Nutrition, Feed Science, and Technology Large Ruminant

  

  

   1662

  

   1666

  

   1670

  

   1674

  

   1678

   1681

  

  

  

  _{Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Code Title Page

   2660

  

   2664

  

   2668

  

   2672

  

   2676

   Others

   2679

  

   2682

  

   2684

  

  

   Forage Agrostology Large Ruminant

   2691

  

  _{10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II} th

  Code Title Page

   2695

  

   2699

  

   2703

  

   2707

  

   2710

  

   2714

  

   2717

  

   2721

  

  

  

   2725

   2729

  

   2734

  

  

  

  _{Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change} Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

  Code Title Page

   2738

  

   2742

  

Small Ruminants

   2746

  

  Others 2750

  

  

   2752

  

   2755

  

   2759

  

  3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK $$$3 $QLPDO 6FLHQFH &RQJUHVV 9RO ,,

  1RYHPEHU *DGMDK 0DGD 8QLYHUVLW\ <RJ\DNDUWD ,QGRQHVLD

Effect of Different Tannin Caliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) on In Vitro

Digestibility in the Different Defoliation

  

Abqoriyah, R. Utomo and B. Suwignyo

  Animal Husbandry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Corresponding email:

  ABSTRACT

  The aimed of this research was to determine different fiber and tannin Caliandra calothyrsus on in vitro digestibility in different defoliation. Calliandra calothyrsus is leguminosae family and used as feed animal. Utilization Calliandra calothyrsus for ruminant can be limited by tannin anti nutrient. The research had been held in 48 weeks. The treatment given was F1 (cutting every 6 weeks, with 8 cutting interval), F2 (cutting every 8 weeks, with 6 cutting interval), F3 (cutting every 12 weeks, with 4 cutting interval), and F4 (cutting every 16 weeks, with 3 cutting interval). Caliandra calothyrsus was cut at edible portion (part of plant, where get eaten by animal like young stem and leaf). This research was conducted during June 2012 – June 2013 at Kaligesing area, Animal department, Purworejo, Central Java. This research used randomized complete block design. Blocking was given at slope soil. Parameters measured were tannin, fiber, and in vitro digestibility. The result showed that the highest tannin was at F4 (8.08%) and different (P<0.05) with F2 (5.89%) and F1 (3.10%). The highest neutral detergent fiber was at F4 (62.39%) and different (P<0.05) with F1, F2, and F3. The highest acid detergent fiber was at F4 (51.65%) and different (P<0.05) with F1, F2, and F3. The highest dry matter in vitro digestibility was at F4 (32.77%) and different (P<0.05) with F1 (24.76%) and F2 (26.79%). It could be concluded that tannin increase with enhancement defoliation at the same age but the different tannin not influence in vitro digestibility.

  Key Words:

  Calliandra calothyrsus, Defoliation, Tannin, In Vitro Digestibility

  INTRODUCTION

  Quality grass in tropical area is low nutrient content. Leguminosae is forage which can increase nutrient quality and protein. Calliandra calothyrsus is leguminosae family and

  Calliandra calothyrsus as a source of crude protein where potential to be used as feed animal.

contain 20 to 25%. Paterson et al. (1999) reported that the first cutting age for Calliandra

calothyrsus is 9 to 12 month, and the next can harvest 4 to 6 times every year depend on soil

condition. Utilization Calliandra calothyrsus for ruminant is potential inhibited by tannin anti

nutrient, where they depend on different cutting ages and interval.

  As a feed for animal, tannin has negative and positive effect to ruminant depend on tannin content consumed by livestock. Tannin can protect protein from microbial degradation in the rumen (Waghorn, 2008) so can increase nutrient protein for absorb in intestine (McSweeney

  

et al., 2001). Tannin in the feed can effect to defaunation. Tannin-protein complex can effect

  to decrease protozoa, where are a part of metanogen. Therefore, based on characteristic of protozoa, that it can decrease degradability. Tannin is secondary metabolism in plant. Secondary metabolism important for plant, because it as defense to against from insect (Hangerman, 2002). Heldt and Piechulla (2011) said that some plants protect themselves by producing toxic proteins like prusic acid, volatile mustard oil, and amino acid (canavanine). Based on the reason, this research aimed to determine different fiber and tannin Caliandra calothyrsus on in vitro digestibility at different defoliation.

  6XVWDLQDEOH /LYHVWRFN 3URGXFWLRQ LQ WKH 3HUVSHFWLYH RI )RRG 6HFXULW\ 3ROLF\ *HQHWLF 5HVRXUFHV DQG &OLPDWH &KDQJH

MATERIALS AND METHODS

  The material used in this research is Caliandra calothyrsus where is planted since 2008 at Kaligesing area, Animal department, Purworejo, Central Java with the distance one meter.

  

Calliandra calothyrsus was get cut all in the same day before treated. Calliandra calothyrsus

could not fertilizer and drainase on the research.

  The research had been held in 48 weeks (June 2012 – June 2013). The treatment given was F1 (cutting every 6 weeks, with 8 cutting interval), F2 (cutting every 8 weeks, with 6 cutting interval), F3 (cutting every 12 weeks, with 4 cutting interval), and F4 (cutting every 16 weeks, with 3 cutting interval). Caliandra calothyrsus was cut at edible portion (part of plant, where eaten by animal like young stem and leaf). Every plant will be harvested in edible portion based on treatment and will put 40% from all harvest to analyze tannin with the Folin Denis Spectrophotometer modification by Daryatmo (2010), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)

  

and acid detergent fiber (ADF) by Van Soest (1994), and in vitro Tilley and Terry

digestibility modification by Utomo (2010). The result was analyzed from the last of the

  harvest for every treatment with used randomized complete block design. Blocking was given at soil slope.

  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chemical Composition Table 1. Chemical composition of Caliandra calothyrsus in the different defoliation

  Chemical composition Treatment dry matter organic matter NDF ADF _{ab a a} P1 (8 harvest times)

  27.16 ± 1.72 _{ab a b} 94.42 ± 0.70 50.90 ± 2.99 33.30 ± 2.79 P2 (6 harvest times) 29.22 ± 2.11 _{a b ab} 93.64 ± 0.85 53.30 ± 0.64 37.58 ± 0.32 P3 (4 harvest times)

  26.45 ± 0.12 _{b c c} 93.06 ± 0.79 57.11 ± 1.57 36.39 ± 2.28 _a,b,c P4 (3 harvest times) 30.09 ± 0.96 94.04 ± 0.07 62.39 ± 1.76 51.65 ± 0.66 _ns different superscript at the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05). non significant Picture 1.

  Chart average dry matter at different defoliation on 48 weeks

  The result reserch showed that all treatment give effect significant (P<0.05) at dry matter Caliandra calothyrsus. This curve can used as indication rest periode should give, so acumulation dry matter production can optimum for livestock. Forage quality depend on cutting age. Dry matter content have fluctuation at interval defoliation on picture 1. Average dry matter content with the increase of age lower than the next defoliation, but almost the end research was increased dry matter content. The result estimate that different season. At the beginning (June until October) and the end (April until June) harvest was done at the dry season, but in the middle (November until March) was on rainy season.

  The result showed that all treatment give effect significant (P<0.05) at NDF and ADF content. This showed that the older age Caliandra calothyrsus had NDF and ADF content would increase. Gardner et al. (1991) said that the older of cutting age would have perfect

  3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK $$$3 $QLPDO 6FLHQFH &RQJUHVV 9RO ,,

  1RYHPEHU *DGMDK 0DGD 8QLYHUVLW\ <RJ\DNDUWD ,QGRQHVLD

  photosynthesis so will increased the result like carbohydrate. Carbohydrate would spread in the another cell as food reseve in kloroplas and the cell wall for make component like selulose and lignin. The low of NDF and ADF content is good for livestock, because it can indicated that low crude fiber, while in ruminant need crude fiber to help ingestion and source energy. The opposite of high crude fiber content will make low digestibility, for this reason need optimum NDF and ADF content as feed livestock.

  Tannin Content Table 2. Tannin content in the different defoliation

  Content tannin (%) Treatment _a F1 (8 harvest times) 3.10 ± 0.55 _b

  F2 (6 harvest times) 5.89 ± 0.72 _bc F3 (4 harvest times) 7.05 ± 0.82 _{c a,b,c} F4 (3 harvest times) 8.08 ± 0.29 different superscript at the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

  Picture

2. Chart average tannin content at different defoliation on 48 weeks

  In this research, the result showed that all treatment give effect significant (P<0.05) at tannin content of Caliandra calothyrsus. In this research estimate that harvests would tried to protect themselves with production secondary metabolies like tannin. So, from the curve showed that the increase frequence defoliation tannin content would increase.

  In Vitro Digestibility

In vitro digestibility in this reasearch had two phase, the first like happen in rumen and the

  second like happen in abomasum. Sample used in this step was from the end every harvest based on tretment.

  Table 3 . Average dry matter digestibility in the different defoliation dry matter digestibility (%) Treatment rumen post rumen total _{a a} F1 (8 harvest times)

  24.76 ± 0.89 4.29 ± 221 _{a b} 29.06 ± 1.89 F2 (6 harvest times) 26.79 ± 2.39 5.19 ± 2.92 31,98 ± 0.53 _{ab b} F3 (4 harvest times)

  28.70 ± 2.04 _{b b} 2.82 ± 1.39 31.52 ± 2.00 _a,b,c F4 (3 harvest times) 32.77 ± 3.46 1.87 ± 0.78 32.97 ± 1.21 different superscript at the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

  In this research, the result showed that all treatment give effect significant (P<0.05) at dry matter digestibility in the rumen, but in the post rumen and total give effect non significant (Table 3). The low tannin can increase rumen fermentation and synthesis microbial protein (Makkar et al., 2007). In this research who have low crude protein and high tannin would have higher dry matter in vitro digestibility in rumen than in post rumen. This supported by Wiryawan et al. (1999) reported that different source protein and tannin significant at dry matter digestibility.

  Different frequence defoliation would give effect at fraction fiber. Average NDF and ADF content at different defoliation would increase at older age harvest with a little frequence. Average digestibility would increase at older age but give effect not significant at dry matter total digestibility. This reason was estimate that some fraction fiber is cell well component who can absorbed.

  REFERENCES Gardner, F.P., R.B. Pearce, and R.J. Mitchell. 1991. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya.

  Terjemahan. UI Press. Jakarta. Hangerman, A.E. 2002. Tannin chemistry In: Tannin Handbook. Miami University, Oxford. Heldt, H.W. and B. Piechulla. 2011. Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press of Elsevier. San Diego.

  Makkar, H.P.S., P. Siddhuraju, and K. Becker. 2007. Plant Secondary Metabolism. Human Press. New Jersey. McSweeney C.S., B. Palmer, D.M. McNeill, and D.O. Krause. 2001. Microbial interactions with tanins:nutritional consequence for ruminants. J. Anim. Feed. Sci. and Technol. 91:

  83 - 93. Paterson, R.T., E. Kiruiro, and H.K. Arimi. 1999. Caliandra calothyrsusas a supplement for milk production in the Kenya Highlands. Tropical Animal Health and Production 31:

  115 - 126. Utomo, R. 2010. Modifikasi metode penetapan kecernaan in vitro bahan kering atau bahan organik. Buletin Sintesis Yayasan Dharma Agrika. Semarang. 5 : 1 - 11.

  Van Soest, P.J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of The Ruminant. Second Ed., Published by Cornell University Pers. Itacha and London. Waghorn, G. 2008. Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tanins for sustainable sheep and goat production - progress and cahallenges. J. Anim. Feed. Sci.

  147 : 116 -139. Wiryawan, K.G., E. Wina, and R. Ernawati. 1999. Pemanfaatan tanin kaliandra (calliandra calothyrsus) sebagai agen pelindung beberapa sumber protein pakan (in vitro).

  Proseding Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Bidang Ilmu Hayat. Balai Penelitian Ternak.

  6XVWDLQDEOH /LYHVWRFN 3URGXFWLRQ LQ WKH 3HUVSHFWLYH RI )RRG 6HFXULW\ 3ROLF\ *HQHWLF 5HVRXUFHV DQG &OLPDWH &KDQJH