Ekuitas saham modal perseroan revisi
Ekuitas
Ekuitas :: Saham
Saham
Chapter
15
Intermediate Accounting
12th Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Chapter
15-1
Ekuitas
Ekuitas Pemegang
Pemegang Saham
Saham
Bentuk
Perseroan
Modal
Perseroan
Bentuk
Perseroan
Modal Saham
atau Sistem
Saham
Berbagai
kepentingan
kepemilikan
Penerbitan
Saham
Reakuisisi
Saham
Chapter
15-2
Saham
Preferen
Karakteristik
Saham
Preferen
Akuntansi
dan
Pelaporan
Saham
Preferen
Kebijakan
Dividen
Kondisi
Keuangan
dan
Pembagian
Dividen
Jenis-jenis
Dividen
Stock split
(Pemecahan
Saham)
Pengungkapa
n Laba
Ditahan
Penyajian dan
Analisis
Presentation
Analysis
The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization
Tiga Jenis Utama Organisasi Bisnis :
Perusahaan
Perseoranga
n
Chapter
15-3
Persekutuan
Perseroan
The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization
Modal Saham atau Sistem Saham
Hak-hak pemegang saham :
1. Untuk membagi laba dan rugi secara
proporsional.
2. Untuk ikut serta dalam manajemen secara
proporsional (hak untuk memilih direktur).
3. Untuk membagi aset perusahaan secara
proporsional jika terjadi likuidasi.
4. Untuk ikut serta secara proporsional dalam
Chapter
15-4
setiap penerbitan saham baru dari kelompok
yang sama —disebut sebagai hak istimewa atau
preemptive right.
The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization
Berbagai Kepentingan Kepemilikan
Saham biasa mewakili hak kepemilikan dasar.
Risiko terbatas jika terjadi kerugian.
Menerima manfaat jika perusahaan sukses.
Tidak dijamin akan menerima dividen atau
pembagian aktiva bila perusahaan dilikuidasi.
Saham preferen atau Preferred stock
berdasarkan pada kontrak, dimana pemegang
saham ini tidak memiliki hak suara, namun dijamin
akan menerima dividen dan prioritas untuk
Chapter
15-5
mengklaim laba.
Modal
Modal Perseroan
Perseroan
Saham
Sahambiasa
biasa
Modal
Modal
Kontribusi
Kontribusi
Account
Account
Saham
Sahampreferen
preferen
Tambahan
Tambahan
Modal
ModalDisetor
Disetor
Account
Account
Account
Account
Dua sumber
utama
ekuitas
Laba
Labaditahan
ditahan
Account
Account
Less:
Less:
Treasury
TreasuryStock
Stock
Account
Account
Chapter
15-6
Assets –
Liabilities
= Equity
Penerbitan
Penerbitan Saham
Saham
Saham di otorisasi – Saham
ditawarkan untuk dijual – Saham
diterbitkan
Masalah akuntansi :
1. Saham dengan nilai pari.
2. Saham tanpa nilai pari.
3. Saham yang dijual atas dasar
Chapter
15-7
pesanan.
4. Saham yang digabungkan dengan
sekuritas lain.
5. Saham yang diterbitkan dalam
transaksi non-kas.
6. Biaya penerbitan saham.
Saham
Saham Dengan
Dengan Nilai
Nilai Pari
Pari
Akun yang harus dicatat:
Saham Preferen atau Saham Biasa.
Tambahan Modal Disetor : Agio atau Disagio
Saham
Chapter
15-8
Contoh
Contoh Kasus
Kasus
Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar
saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham
pada harga $4,100. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat
adalah:
Kas
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Agio
Saham Biasa 1,100
Chapter
15-9
4,100
Contoh
Contoh Kasus
Kasus
Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar
saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham
pada harga $2,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat
adalah:
Kas
Disagio Saham Biasa
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Chapter
15-10
2,000
1,000
Saham
Saham Tanpa
Tanpa Nilai
Nilai Pari
Pari
Alasan penerbitan Saham Tanpa Nilai Pari
(No-Par Stock) :
Menghindari kewajiban kontinjen.
Adanya kerancuan dalam hubungan
antara nilai pari dan nilai pasar wajar.
Beberapa negara yang mengijinkan penerbitan
saham tanpa nilai pari mensyaratkan adanya
nilai tetapan (stated value) .
Chapter
15-11
Contoh
Contoh ::
Shinobi Corporation menerbitkan 600 lembar saham
biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan harga $10,200. Buat
ayat jurnal yang harus dicatat apabila (a) saham
tanpa stated value, dan (b) saham memiliki nilai
tetapan sebesar $2 per lembar.
Ayat jurnal:
a
.
Kas
Saham Biasa
b
.
Kas
10,200
Saham Biasa (600 x $2) 1,200
Tambahan Modal disetor 9,000
Chapter
15-12
10,200
10,200
Saham
Saham Dijual
Dijual Atas
Atas Dasar
Dasar Pesanan
Pesanan
Akun yang harus dicatat :
1. Pesanan Saham Biasa atau Preferen,
dan
2. Piutang Pesanan Saham Biasa/Preferen
Chapter
15-13
Contoh
Contoh ::
Landmark Corp. menawarkan saham atas
dasar pesanan pada masyarakat yang
memberikan hak untuk membeli 10 lembar
saham (nilai pari $5) pada harga $20 per
lembar saham. 50 org menerima tawaran
tersebut dan menyetujui membayar 50%
uang muka serta 50% sisanya pada akhir
bulan
ke-enam.
Buat jurnal untuk mencatat pada saat :
1. Pemesanan saham diterima
2. Pelunasan (enam bulan kemudian).
Chapter
15-14
Pada saat Pemesanan Saham:
Piutang Pesanan
$10,000
Pesanan Saham Biasa
$ 2,500
Tambahan Modal Disetor yang Melebihi Nilai Pari
$ 7,500
(untuk mencatat penerimaan pesanan 500 lbr saham)
Kas
$ 5,000
Piutang Pesanan
$ 5,000
(untuk mencatat penerimaan angsuran pertama)
Pada saat Pelunasan:
Kas
$ 5,000
Piutang Pesanan
$ 5,000
(untuk mencatat pelunasan pesanan saham)
Pesanan Saham Biasa
$ 2,500
Saham Biasa
Chapter
15-15
$ 2,500
Saham
Saham Yang
Yang Diterbitkan
Diterbitkan dengan
dengan Sekuritas
Sekuritas
Lain
Lain
Dua metode alokasi yang tersedia :
1. Metode proportional
2. Metode incremental
Chapter
15-16
Contoh:
Contoh:
Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham
biasa dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham
preferen dengan nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus
(lump sum) seharga $14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa
$20 per lembar, dan saham preferen $90 per lembar.
Common stock
Preferred stock
Allocation:
Issue price
Allocation %
Total
Chapter
15-17
Number
300
100
Common
$ 14,200
40%
$
5,680
Amount
Total
x $
20.00 = $ 6,000
x
90.00
9,000
Fair Market Value $ 15,000
Preferred
$
14,200
60%
$
8,520
Percent
40%
60%
100%
Proportion
al Method
Contoh:
Contoh:
Ayat Jurnal (Metode Proportional):
Kas
14,200
Saham Preferen (100 x $50)
5,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen
3,520
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Biasa 2,680
Chapter
15-18
Contoh:
Contoh:
Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham
biasa dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham
preferen dengan nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus
(lump sum) seharga $14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa
$20 per lembar, sedangkan saham preferen tidak
diketahui.
Common stock
Preferred stock
Allocation:
Issue price
Common
Total
Chapter
15-19
Number
300
100
Common
$
6,000
Amount
Total
x $
20.00 = $ 6,000
x
Fair Market Value $ 6,000
Preferred
$
14,200
(6,000)
$
8,200
Increment
al Method
Contoh:
Contoh:
Ayat Jurnal (Metode Incremental):
Kas
14,200
Saham Preferen (100 x $50)
5,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen
3,200
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Biasa 3,000
Chapter
15-20
LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares of stock.
Saham
Saham Yang
Yang Diterbitkan
Diterbitkan Dalam
Dalam Transaksi
Transaksi
Non-Kas
Non-Kas
Aturan Umum: perusahaan harus
mencatat saham yang diterbitkan
untuk jasa atau kekayaan selain kas
berdasarkan :
Nilai pasar yang wajar dari saham yang
diterbitkan atau
Pada nilai pasar wajar dari penerimaan
bukan kas,
Chapter
15-21
Mana yang dapat ditentukan secara lebih
jelas .
Contoh:
Contoh:
Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation
mengotorisasikan untuk menerbitkan 500,000 lembar
saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan stated value $1
per lembar.
Pada 1 April diterbitkan 24,000 lembar saham biasa
untuk ditukarkan dengan sebidang tanah yang
ditawarkan dengan harga $90,000; nilai pasar wajar
dari tanah tersebut $80,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat :
Tanah
Saham Biasa (24,000 x $1)
Tambahan Modal disetor
Chapter
15-22
80,000
24,000
56,000
Contoh
Contoh ::
Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation
mengotorisasikan untuk menerbitkan 500,000 lembar
saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan stated value $1
per lembar.
Pada 1Aug. diterbitkan lagi 10,000 lembar saham
biasa dengan harga $50,000 yang akan ditukarkan
dengan Paten yang belum dapat ditetapkan nilai
pasarnya. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat adalah :
Paten
Saham Biasa (10,000 x $1)
Tambahan Modal disetor
Chapter
15-23
50,000
10,000
40,000
Biaya
Biaya Penerbitan
Penerbitan Saham
Saham
Biaya langsung yang berkaitan dengan
penjualan saham, antara lain:
Biaya penjamin (underwriting costs),
Fee Akuntan dan Pengacara (accounting
and legal fees),
Biaya administrasi, cetak (print), dan
iklan
Pajak
Chapter
15-24
Harus dicatat sebagai pengurang atas
jumlah yang disetor dalam akun tambahan
modal disetor (additional paid-in capital).
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Alasan Perusahaan membeli kembali saham yang
masih beredar :
Untuk menambah laba per saham dan tingkat
pengembalian dari ekuitas (ROE).
Untuk memenuhi kontrak kompensasi saham
karyawan atau memenuhi kebutuhan merger
yang potensial.
Untuk menghindari usaha pengambil alihan atau
mengurangi jumlah pemegang saham.
Membentuk pasar bagi saham.
Chapter
15-25
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Pembelian Saham Treasuri (Treasury
Stock)
Dua metode yang digunakan :
Cost method (lebih banyak digunakan).
Par or Stated value method.
Treasury stock, mengurangi ekuitas
pemegang saham.
Chapter
15-26
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Contoh: UC Company menerbitkan 15,000 lembar
saham dengan nilai pari $1, saham biasa $25 per
lembar. Catatlah ayat jurnal untuk transaksi berikut
:
April 1st the company re-acquired 1,000 shares for
$28 per share.
Treasury stock (1,000 x $28)
Cash
Chapter
15-27
28,000
28,000
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Sale of Treasury Stock
Above Cost
Below Cost
Both increase total assets and stockholders’
equity.
Chapter
15-28
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
June 1st Sold 500 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$30 per share.
Cash (500 x $30)
15,000
Treasury stock (500 x $28) 14,000
Paid-in capital treasury stock 1,000
Chapter
15-29
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
Oct. 15th Sold 300 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$9 per share.
Cash (300 x $9)
2,700
Treasury stock (300 x $28) 8,400
Paid-in capital treasury stock
Retained earnings 4,700
Chapter
15-30
1,000
Limite
d to
balanc
e on
hand
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
Oct. 30th Sold 100 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$11 per share.
Cash (100 x $11)
1,100
Treasury stock (100 x $28) 2,800
Retained earnings 1,700
Chapter
15-31
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
Nov. 10th Retired remaining 100 shares of its
Treasury Stock.
Common stock (100 x $1)
100
Paid-in capital common (100 x $24) 2,400
Treasury stock (100 x $28) 2,800
Retained earnings 300
Chapter
15-32
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration 15-4
Stockholders’ Equity with No Treasury Stock
Chapter
15-33
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration 15-5
Stockholders’ Equity with Treasury Stock
Chapter
15-34
Preferred
Preferred Stock
Stock
Features often associated with preferred stock.
1. Preference as to dividends.
2. Preference as to assets in liquidation.
3. Convertible into common stock.
4. Callable at the option of the corporation.
5. Nonvoting.
Chapter
15-35
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred
stock.
Preferred
Preferred Stock
Stock
Specific Features of Preferred Stock
Cumulative
Participating
Convertible
Callable
Redeemable
A corporation may
attach whatever
preferences or
restrictions, as long as
it does not violate its
state incorporation law.
Accounting for preferred stock at issuance is
similar to that for common stock.
Chapter
15-36
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred
stock.
Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Dividend distributions generally are based
on accumulated profits (retained
earnings).
Few companies pay dividends in amounts
equal to their legally available retained
earnings. Why?
Maintain agreements with creditors.
Meet state incorporation requirements.
To finance growth or expansion.
Chapter
15-37
To smooth out dividend payments.
LO 6 Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
To build
up a cushion against possible
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
1. Cash dividends.
3. Liquidating
2. Property
dividends.
dividends.
4. Stock dividends.
Dividends require information concerning
three dates:
a. Date of declaration
b. Date of record
c. Date of payment
Chapter
15-38
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Cash Dividends
Board of directors vote on the declaration
of cash dividends.
A declared cash dividend is a liability.
Companies do not declare or pay cash
dividends on treasury stock.
Chapter
15-39
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Cash
Cash Dividend
Dividend
Illustration What would be the journal
entries made by a corporation that
declared a $50,000 cash dividend on March
10, payable on April 6 to shareholders of
record on March 25?
Debit
Credit
March 10 (Declaration Date)
Retained earnings
Dividends payable
March 25 (Date of Record)
50,00
0
50,00
0
No entry
April 6 (Payment Date)
Dividends payable
Cash
Chapter
15-40
50,00
0
50,00
0
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Property Dividends
Dividends payable in assets other than
cash.
Restate at fair value the property it will
distribute, recognizing any gain or loss.
Chapter
15-41
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Property
Property Dividend
Dividend
Illustration A dividend is declared Jan. 5th and
paid Jan. 25th, in bonds held as an investment;
the bonds have a book value of $100,000 and a
fair market value of $135,000.
Debit
Date of Declaration
Investment in
bonds
Gain on investment
35,00
0
and
Retained earnings
Property dividend
payable
Date of Issuance
Chapter
15-42
Credit
35,00
0
135,000
135,000
Property dividend
135,000
payable
Investment in
135,000
bondsLO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Liquidating Dividends
Any dividend not based on earnings
reduces corporate paid-in capital.
Chapter
15-43
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Liquidating
Liquidating Dividend
Dividend
BE15-12 Radical Rex Mining Company declared,
on April 20, a dividend of $700,000 payable on
June 1. Of this amount, $125,000 is a return of
capital. Prepare the April 20 and June 1 entries
for Radical Rex.
Debit
Credit
April 20 (Declaration Date)
Retained earnings
Additional paid-in capital
Dividends payable
575,000
125,000
700,000
June 1 (Payment Date)
Dividends payable
Cash
Chapter
15-44
700,000
700,000
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Stock Dividends
Issuance of own stock to stockholders on
a pro rata basis, without receiving any
consideration.
When stock dividend is less than 20–25
percent of the common shares
outstanding, company transfers fair
market value from retained earnings
(small stock dividend).
Chapter
15-45
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Stock
Stock Dividend
Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and
outstanding. The per share par value is $1,
book value $32 and market value is $40.
10% stock dividend is
declared
Retained earnings
Common stock dividend
distributable
Additional paid-in capital
Debit
20,00
0
Credit
500
19,50
0
Stock issued
Common stock div.
distributable
Common stock
Chapter
15-46
500
500
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Stock Split
To reduce the market value of shares.
No entry recorded for a stock split.
Decrease par value and increased
number of shares.
Chapter
15-47
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Stock
Stock Dividend
Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued
and outstanding. The per share par value
is $1, book value $32 and market value is
$40.
2 for 1 Stock Split
No Entry -- Disclosure that par is now $.50
and shares outstanding are 10,000.
Chapter
15-48
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Stock Split and Stock Dividend
Differentiated
If the stock dividend is large, it has the same
effect on market price as a stock split.
A stock dividend of more than 20–25 percent
of the number of shares previously
outstanding is called a large stock
dividend.
Chapter
15-49
With a large stock dividend, transfer from
retained earnings
toExplain
capital
stock the
LO 8
the accounting
for par
small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Stock
Stock Dividend
Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued
and outstanding. The per share par value
is $1, book value $32 and market value is
$40.
50% stock dividend is
declared
Retained earnings
Debit
Credit
2,500
Common stock dividend
distributable
2,500
Stock issued
Common stock dividend
distributable
Common stock
Chapter
15-50
2,500
2,500
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Presentati
on
Illustration 15-13
Balance
Sheet
Chapter
15-51
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Presentation Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
Chapter
15-52
Illustration 15-14
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Analysis
Rate of
Return on
Common
=
Stock Equity
Net income – Preferred dividends
Average common stockholders’
equity
Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the
company earned for each dollar invested by the
owners.
Chapter
15-53
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Analysis
Payout
Ratio
Cash dividends
=
Net income – Preferred dividends
It is important to some investors that the
payout be sufficiently high to provide a good
yield on the stock.
Chapter
15-54
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Analysis
Book Value
Per Share
Common stockholders’ equity
=
Outstanding shares
The amount each share would receive if the
company were liquidated on the basis of
amounts reported on the balance sheet.
Chapter
15-55
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Ekuitas :: Saham
Saham
Chapter
15
Intermediate Accounting
12th Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Chapter
15-1
Ekuitas
Ekuitas Pemegang
Pemegang Saham
Saham
Bentuk
Perseroan
Modal
Perseroan
Bentuk
Perseroan
Modal Saham
atau Sistem
Saham
Berbagai
kepentingan
kepemilikan
Penerbitan
Saham
Reakuisisi
Saham
Chapter
15-2
Saham
Preferen
Karakteristik
Saham
Preferen
Akuntansi
dan
Pelaporan
Saham
Preferen
Kebijakan
Dividen
Kondisi
Keuangan
dan
Pembagian
Dividen
Jenis-jenis
Dividen
Stock split
(Pemecahan
Saham)
Pengungkapa
n Laba
Ditahan
Penyajian dan
Analisis
Presentation
Analysis
The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization
Tiga Jenis Utama Organisasi Bisnis :
Perusahaan
Perseoranga
n
Chapter
15-3
Persekutuan
Perseroan
The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization
Modal Saham atau Sistem Saham
Hak-hak pemegang saham :
1. Untuk membagi laba dan rugi secara
proporsional.
2. Untuk ikut serta dalam manajemen secara
proporsional (hak untuk memilih direktur).
3. Untuk membagi aset perusahaan secara
proporsional jika terjadi likuidasi.
4. Untuk ikut serta secara proporsional dalam
Chapter
15-4
setiap penerbitan saham baru dari kelompok
yang sama —disebut sebagai hak istimewa atau
preemptive right.
The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization
Berbagai Kepentingan Kepemilikan
Saham biasa mewakili hak kepemilikan dasar.
Risiko terbatas jika terjadi kerugian.
Menerima manfaat jika perusahaan sukses.
Tidak dijamin akan menerima dividen atau
pembagian aktiva bila perusahaan dilikuidasi.
Saham preferen atau Preferred stock
berdasarkan pada kontrak, dimana pemegang
saham ini tidak memiliki hak suara, namun dijamin
akan menerima dividen dan prioritas untuk
Chapter
15-5
mengklaim laba.
Modal
Modal Perseroan
Perseroan
Saham
Sahambiasa
biasa
Modal
Modal
Kontribusi
Kontribusi
Account
Account
Saham
Sahampreferen
preferen
Tambahan
Tambahan
Modal
ModalDisetor
Disetor
Account
Account
Account
Account
Dua sumber
utama
ekuitas
Laba
Labaditahan
ditahan
Account
Account
Less:
Less:
Treasury
TreasuryStock
Stock
Account
Account
Chapter
15-6
Assets –
Liabilities
= Equity
Penerbitan
Penerbitan Saham
Saham
Saham di otorisasi – Saham
ditawarkan untuk dijual – Saham
diterbitkan
Masalah akuntansi :
1. Saham dengan nilai pari.
2. Saham tanpa nilai pari.
3. Saham yang dijual atas dasar
Chapter
15-7
pesanan.
4. Saham yang digabungkan dengan
sekuritas lain.
5. Saham yang diterbitkan dalam
transaksi non-kas.
6. Biaya penerbitan saham.
Saham
Saham Dengan
Dengan Nilai
Nilai Pari
Pari
Akun yang harus dicatat:
Saham Preferen atau Saham Biasa.
Tambahan Modal Disetor : Agio atau Disagio
Saham
Chapter
15-8
Contoh
Contoh Kasus
Kasus
Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar
saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham
pada harga $4,100. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat
adalah:
Kas
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Agio
Saham Biasa 1,100
Chapter
15-9
4,100
Contoh
Contoh Kasus
Kasus
Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar
saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham
pada harga $2,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat
adalah:
Kas
Disagio Saham Biasa
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Chapter
15-10
2,000
1,000
Saham
Saham Tanpa
Tanpa Nilai
Nilai Pari
Pari
Alasan penerbitan Saham Tanpa Nilai Pari
(No-Par Stock) :
Menghindari kewajiban kontinjen.
Adanya kerancuan dalam hubungan
antara nilai pari dan nilai pasar wajar.
Beberapa negara yang mengijinkan penerbitan
saham tanpa nilai pari mensyaratkan adanya
nilai tetapan (stated value) .
Chapter
15-11
Contoh
Contoh ::
Shinobi Corporation menerbitkan 600 lembar saham
biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan harga $10,200. Buat
ayat jurnal yang harus dicatat apabila (a) saham
tanpa stated value, dan (b) saham memiliki nilai
tetapan sebesar $2 per lembar.
Ayat jurnal:
a
.
Kas
Saham Biasa
b
.
Kas
10,200
Saham Biasa (600 x $2) 1,200
Tambahan Modal disetor 9,000
Chapter
15-12
10,200
10,200
Saham
Saham Dijual
Dijual Atas
Atas Dasar
Dasar Pesanan
Pesanan
Akun yang harus dicatat :
1. Pesanan Saham Biasa atau Preferen,
dan
2. Piutang Pesanan Saham Biasa/Preferen
Chapter
15-13
Contoh
Contoh ::
Landmark Corp. menawarkan saham atas
dasar pesanan pada masyarakat yang
memberikan hak untuk membeli 10 lembar
saham (nilai pari $5) pada harga $20 per
lembar saham. 50 org menerima tawaran
tersebut dan menyetujui membayar 50%
uang muka serta 50% sisanya pada akhir
bulan
ke-enam.
Buat jurnal untuk mencatat pada saat :
1. Pemesanan saham diterima
2. Pelunasan (enam bulan kemudian).
Chapter
15-14
Pada saat Pemesanan Saham:
Piutang Pesanan
$10,000
Pesanan Saham Biasa
$ 2,500
Tambahan Modal Disetor yang Melebihi Nilai Pari
$ 7,500
(untuk mencatat penerimaan pesanan 500 lbr saham)
Kas
$ 5,000
Piutang Pesanan
$ 5,000
(untuk mencatat penerimaan angsuran pertama)
Pada saat Pelunasan:
Kas
$ 5,000
Piutang Pesanan
$ 5,000
(untuk mencatat pelunasan pesanan saham)
Pesanan Saham Biasa
$ 2,500
Saham Biasa
Chapter
15-15
$ 2,500
Saham
Saham Yang
Yang Diterbitkan
Diterbitkan dengan
dengan Sekuritas
Sekuritas
Lain
Lain
Dua metode alokasi yang tersedia :
1. Metode proportional
2. Metode incremental
Chapter
15-16
Contoh:
Contoh:
Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham
biasa dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham
preferen dengan nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus
(lump sum) seharga $14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa
$20 per lembar, dan saham preferen $90 per lembar.
Common stock
Preferred stock
Allocation:
Issue price
Allocation %
Total
Chapter
15-17
Number
300
100
Common
$ 14,200
40%
$
5,680
Amount
Total
x $
20.00 = $ 6,000
x
90.00
9,000
Fair Market Value $ 15,000
Preferred
$
14,200
60%
$
8,520
Percent
40%
60%
100%
Proportion
al Method
Contoh:
Contoh:
Ayat Jurnal (Metode Proportional):
Kas
14,200
Saham Preferen (100 x $50)
5,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen
3,520
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Biasa 2,680
Chapter
15-18
Contoh:
Contoh:
Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham
biasa dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham
preferen dengan nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus
(lump sum) seharga $14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa
$20 per lembar, sedangkan saham preferen tidak
diketahui.
Common stock
Preferred stock
Allocation:
Issue price
Common
Total
Chapter
15-19
Number
300
100
Common
$
6,000
Amount
Total
x $
20.00 = $ 6,000
x
Fair Market Value $ 6,000
Preferred
$
14,200
(6,000)
$
8,200
Increment
al Method
Contoh:
Contoh:
Ayat Jurnal (Metode Incremental):
Kas
14,200
Saham Preferen (100 x $50)
5,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen
3,200
Saham Biasa (300 x $10)
3,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Biasa 3,000
Chapter
15-20
LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares of stock.
Saham
Saham Yang
Yang Diterbitkan
Diterbitkan Dalam
Dalam Transaksi
Transaksi
Non-Kas
Non-Kas
Aturan Umum: perusahaan harus
mencatat saham yang diterbitkan
untuk jasa atau kekayaan selain kas
berdasarkan :
Nilai pasar yang wajar dari saham yang
diterbitkan atau
Pada nilai pasar wajar dari penerimaan
bukan kas,
Chapter
15-21
Mana yang dapat ditentukan secara lebih
jelas .
Contoh:
Contoh:
Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation
mengotorisasikan untuk menerbitkan 500,000 lembar
saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan stated value $1
per lembar.
Pada 1 April diterbitkan 24,000 lembar saham biasa
untuk ditukarkan dengan sebidang tanah yang
ditawarkan dengan harga $90,000; nilai pasar wajar
dari tanah tersebut $80,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat :
Tanah
Saham Biasa (24,000 x $1)
Tambahan Modal disetor
Chapter
15-22
80,000
24,000
56,000
Contoh
Contoh ::
Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation
mengotorisasikan untuk menerbitkan 500,000 lembar
saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan stated value $1
per lembar.
Pada 1Aug. diterbitkan lagi 10,000 lembar saham
biasa dengan harga $50,000 yang akan ditukarkan
dengan Paten yang belum dapat ditetapkan nilai
pasarnya. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat adalah :
Paten
Saham Biasa (10,000 x $1)
Tambahan Modal disetor
Chapter
15-23
50,000
10,000
40,000
Biaya
Biaya Penerbitan
Penerbitan Saham
Saham
Biaya langsung yang berkaitan dengan
penjualan saham, antara lain:
Biaya penjamin (underwriting costs),
Fee Akuntan dan Pengacara (accounting
and legal fees),
Biaya administrasi, cetak (print), dan
iklan
Pajak
Chapter
15-24
Harus dicatat sebagai pengurang atas
jumlah yang disetor dalam akun tambahan
modal disetor (additional paid-in capital).
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Alasan Perusahaan membeli kembali saham yang
masih beredar :
Untuk menambah laba per saham dan tingkat
pengembalian dari ekuitas (ROE).
Untuk memenuhi kontrak kompensasi saham
karyawan atau memenuhi kebutuhan merger
yang potensial.
Untuk menghindari usaha pengambil alihan atau
mengurangi jumlah pemegang saham.
Membentuk pasar bagi saham.
Chapter
15-25
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Pembelian Saham Treasuri (Treasury
Stock)
Dua metode yang digunakan :
Cost method (lebih banyak digunakan).
Par or Stated value method.
Treasury stock, mengurangi ekuitas
pemegang saham.
Chapter
15-26
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Contoh: UC Company menerbitkan 15,000 lembar
saham dengan nilai pari $1, saham biasa $25 per
lembar. Catatlah ayat jurnal untuk transaksi berikut
:
April 1st the company re-acquired 1,000 shares for
$28 per share.
Treasury stock (1,000 x $28)
Cash
Chapter
15-27
28,000
28,000
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Sale of Treasury Stock
Above Cost
Below Cost
Both increase total assets and stockholders’
equity.
Chapter
15-28
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
June 1st Sold 500 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$30 per share.
Cash (500 x $30)
15,000
Treasury stock (500 x $28) 14,000
Paid-in capital treasury stock 1,000
Chapter
15-29
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
Oct. 15th Sold 300 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$9 per share.
Cash (300 x $9)
2,700
Treasury stock (300 x $28) 8,400
Paid-in capital treasury stock
Retained earnings 4,700
Chapter
15-30
1,000
Limite
d to
balanc
e on
hand
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
Oct. 30th Sold 100 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$11 per share.
Cash (100 x $11)
1,100
Treasury stock (100 x $28) 2,800
Retained earnings 1,700
Chapter
15-31
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following
transaction:
Nov. 10th Retired remaining 100 shares of its
Treasury Stock.
Common stock (100 x $1)
100
Paid-in capital common (100 x $24) 2,400
Treasury stock (100 x $28) 2,800
Retained earnings 300
Chapter
15-32
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration 15-4
Stockholders’ Equity with No Treasury Stock
Chapter
15-33
REAKUISISI
REAKUISISI SAHAM
SAHAM
Illustration 15-5
Stockholders’ Equity with Treasury Stock
Chapter
15-34
Preferred
Preferred Stock
Stock
Features often associated with preferred stock.
1. Preference as to dividends.
2. Preference as to assets in liquidation.
3. Convertible into common stock.
4. Callable at the option of the corporation.
5. Nonvoting.
Chapter
15-35
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred
stock.
Preferred
Preferred Stock
Stock
Specific Features of Preferred Stock
Cumulative
Participating
Convertible
Callable
Redeemable
A corporation may
attach whatever
preferences or
restrictions, as long as
it does not violate its
state incorporation law.
Accounting for preferred stock at issuance is
similar to that for common stock.
Chapter
15-36
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred
stock.
Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Dividend distributions generally are based
on accumulated profits (retained
earnings).
Few companies pay dividends in amounts
equal to their legally available retained
earnings. Why?
Maintain agreements with creditors.
Meet state incorporation requirements.
To finance growth or expansion.
Chapter
15-37
To smooth out dividend payments.
LO 6 Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
To build
up a cushion against possible
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
1. Cash dividends.
3. Liquidating
2. Property
dividends.
dividends.
4. Stock dividends.
Dividends require information concerning
three dates:
a. Date of declaration
b. Date of record
c. Date of payment
Chapter
15-38
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Cash Dividends
Board of directors vote on the declaration
of cash dividends.
A declared cash dividend is a liability.
Companies do not declare or pay cash
dividends on treasury stock.
Chapter
15-39
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Cash
Cash Dividend
Dividend
Illustration What would be the journal
entries made by a corporation that
declared a $50,000 cash dividend on March
10, payable on April 6 to shareholders of
record on March 25?
Debit
Credit
March 10 (Declaration Date)
Retained earnings
Dividends payable
March 25 (Date of Record)
50,00
0
50,00
0
No entry
April 6 (Payment Date)
Dividends payable
Cash
Chapter
15-40
50,00
0
50,00
0
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Property Dividends
Dividends payable in assets other than
cash.
Restate at fair value the property it will
distribute, recognizing any gain or loss.
Chapter
15-41
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Property
Property Dividend
Dividend
Illustration A dividend is declared Jan. 5th and
paid Jan. 25th, in bonds held as an investment;
the bonds have a book value of $100,000 and a
fair market value of $135,000.
Debit
Date of Declaration
Investment in
bonds
Gain on investment
35,00
0
and
Retained earnings
Property dividend
payable
Date of Issuance
Chapter
15-42
Credit
35,00
0
135,000
135,000
Property dividend
135,000
payable
Investment in
135,000
bondsLO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Liquidating Dividends
Any dividend not based on earnings
reduces corporate paid-in capital.
Chapter
15-43
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Liquidating
Liquidating Dividend
Dividend
BE15-12 Radical Rex Mining Company declared,
on April 20, a dividend of $700,000 payable on
June 1. Of this amount, $125,000 is a return of
capital. Prepare the April 20 and June 1 entries
for Radical Rex.
Debit
Credit
April 20 (Declaration Date)
Retained earnings
Additional paid-in capital
Dividends payable
575,000
125,000
700,000
June 1 (Payment Date)
Dividends payable
Cash
Chapter
15-44
700,000
700,000
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Stock Dividends
Issuance of own stock to stockholders on
a pro rata basis, without receiving any
consideration.
When stock dividend is less than 20–25
percent of the common shares
outstanding, company transfers fair
market value from retained earnings
(small stock dividend).
Chapter
15-45
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Stock
Stock Dividend
Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and
outstanding. The per share par value is $1,
book value $32 and market value is $40.
10% stock dividend is
declared
Retained earnings
Common stock dividend
distributable
Additional paid-in capital
Debit
20,00
0
Credit
500
19,50
0
Stock issued
Common stock div.
distributable
Common stock
Chapter
15-46
500
500
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Stock Split
To reduce the market value of shares.
No entry recorded for a stock split.
Decrease par value and increased
number of shares.
Chapter
15-47
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Stock
Stock Dividend
Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued
and outstanding. The per share par value
is $1, book value $32 and market value is
$40.
2 for 1 Stock Split
No Entry -- Disclosure that par is now $.50
and shares outstanding are 10,000.
Chapter
15-48
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Types
Types of
of Dividends
Dividends
Stock Split and Stock Dividend
Differentiated
If the stock dividend is large, it has the same
effect on market price as a stock split.
A stock dividend of more than 20–25 percent
of the number of shares previously
outstanding is called a large stock
dividend.
Chapter
15-49
With a large stock dividend, transfer from
retained earnings
toExplain
capital
stock the
LO 8
the accounting
for par
small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Stock
Stock Dividend
Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued
and outstanding. The per share par value
is $1, book value $32 and market value is
$40.
50% stock dividend is
declared
Retained earnings
Debit
Credit
2,500
Common stock dividend
distributable
2,500
Stock issued
Common stock dividend
distributable
Common stock
Chapter
15-50
2,500
2,500
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and
large stock dividends, and for stock
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Presentati
on
Illustration 15-13
Balance
Sheet
Chapter
15-51
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Presentation Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
Chapter
15-52
Illustration 15-14
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Analysis
Rate of
Return on
Common
=
Stock Equity
Net income – Preferred dividends
Average common stockholders’
equity
Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the
company earned for each dollar invested by the
owners.
Chapter
15-53
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Analysis
Payout
Ratio
Cash dividends
=
Net income – Preferred dividends
It is important to some investors that the
payout be sufficiently high to provide a good
yield on the stock.
Chapter
15-54
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of
Stockholders’
Stockholders’ Equity
Equity
Analysis
Book Value
Per Share
Common stockholders’ equity
=
Outstanding shares
The amount each share would receive if the
company were liquidated on the basis of
amounts reported on the balance sheet.
Chapter
15-55
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.