A. Background of Study - The analysis of Indonesian-English code mixing used in Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon - Digital Library IAIN Palangka Raya
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains the background of the study, research focus, research
problems, objective of the study, significances of the study, limitation of study,
operational definition and framework of discussion.
A. Background of Study
Language became an important factor of life. Many kinds of
information can be found easily by using language. Language is a tool of
communication and a tool of interaction that human have. Human being lives
in this world has a role as an individual creature, but also has a role as social
creature. People have a role as social creature which means people cannot live
alone. They need other people to fulfill their need and help them to solve their
problems.
Language can be used to convey opinion, idea, and feeling, although
the fiction or imagination situasion. The imagination situation like literature
(poetry, story, fairy tale, legend, joke) that used for speaker’s happiness or the
reader.1 To communicate with others they need language as a tools of
communication. Communication is a process by which information is
exchange between individuals through a common system a symbols, signs, or
behaviour.
In today’s modern world, globalization is the main factors considered
in everybody life. It plays an important role in the development some factor.
1
Abdul Chaer & Leonie Agustina, Sociolinguistik Perkenalan Awal, Jakarta : Rineka
Cipta, 2010, p.17.
2
In the modern “Global Village” countries and cultures are influencing each
other culturally more than ever before. International connections in the field
of science, politics, economies, culture, business, are realizing in different
forms visits, conferences, seminars, and studens exchanges.
During the processes of interpersonal communication the problems of
high importance are solved or discussed. The success of intercultural
communication depends on development of intercultural competence of
intelligence, on how people negotiate, meet, greet and relationship
worldwide. 2
People can use language to express idea, experiences, thought, wants,
hopes, feeling and so on to other. When two or more people communicate
with each other in speech we can call the system of communication that they
employ a code, in most cases that code will be something we may also want
to call language.
The study of language in relation to the society is called
sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of the language function in a
social context and the development of language in society. Sociolinguistics
focus on differences in the use of language in society so that an object can be
the object language learning another language. Then, the question of language
is the fundamental question of power. From the statement it is clear that
sociolinguistics is the study of language use in a society that did not focus on
2
Alevtina A. Kolosova, Intercultural Competence or Cultural Intellegence,
Bulgaria : Info Invert, 2011, p.14. (http://www.scientific publications.net/download/languageindividual-and-society-2011-1.pdf )
3
the composition of sentence structure but focuses on differences in language
use and language development in society. 3
The interaction between these two aspects sociolinguistics are habits
of the people of the usefulness of the language and the social composition of
habitual action. With language clearly focused on the topic of social
arrangement inherent in language habits society. So, the lessons of
sociolinguistics not only on the organizational structure of the language but
also on the level development use of language in society and familiarize the
user language to use the language that is used in accordance with the
appropriate developmental and language level of civility in society.
People speak based on where they came from and their environment.
When people are in conversation they use the language that they have,
generally people often use more than one language. It is very common that
people develop some knowledge and ability in a second language and so
become bilingual. The simplest definition of a bilingual is a person who has
some functional ability in a second language. This may vary from a limited
ability in one or more domains, to very strong command of both languages. 4
There are many more bilingual or multilingual individuals in the
world than there are monolingual. Monolingual refers to ability to use only
3
Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics Fifth Edition, Australia :
Blackwell, 2006, p.1.
(http://faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1393439953.5135An_Introduction_to_Sociolinguistics__
Blackwell_Textbooks_in_Linguistics_.pdf)
4
Suraiy Alam, Code-Mixing in Bangladesh a Case Study of Non-Goverment White Collar
Service Holders and Professionals, Asian Affairs, 2006, p.54.
(http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2006/4/3.pdf)
4
one language. Billingual is an ability to use two language and multilingual for
more than two languages. 5
Indonesian language as national language. They used more than one
language to communicate with another people. They used Indonesian
language in formal situation. In otherhand, Indonesia have many regional
languages like Javaness, banjarnese, bataknese, etcetera. They used it to
communicate other people in the same regional.
Many people had to learn English, which is an official language, to
get a better job in goverment sector and students had to have a very good
command over English because most of the books of occidental knowledge,
history, philosophy and technology are written in English.
English as one of the international language has a great influence to
the most Indonesians. Not only in speaking, but also in writing many people
often mix the English into Indonesian language. English has also influenced
Indonesia in various fields, including literature. Some English words or
expressions are usually used in Indonesian short stories, novels, poems,
etcetera. English can be found in various parts of those works such as in the
titles, dialogues, or narrations.
Nowdays, many Indonesian people use Indonesian and English in
same time. This condition is called code mixing because the condition where
people use more than one language in the same topic. Code mixing is the use
more than language that speakers or writers mix two codes or more language
5
Muriel Saville and Troike, Introduction of Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge :
University Press, 2006, p.8.
5
in discourse, the main characteristics in code mixing are relaxed situations
and informal situation.6
Code mixing can be seen in spoken or written language. Code mixing
in spoken language can be found in: radio program, television program,
teaching process and code mixing also found in written language such as
novel, newspaper, magazine, tabloid, etcetera. Literary books in Indonesia
have been developed both in their quantity or quality.
Literary books started by the coming of foreigners who use English in
their communication. Indonesian people were initiated to use English and
then to spread it out to the others. The influence from English maked literary
books in Indonesia have also been influenced by English. One kind of literary
books that is influenced by English is novel. The writers wrote a novel not
only in Indonesian language, sometimes the writers mix English in
Indonesian language.
Many factors which influenced the people mix the code, such as their
background as like education, culture, social, economic, etcetera. Education is
one of the parts of background the people mix the code, if the people have
good education so it influenced their mix code. In written language code
mixing presented in italic or underline style at word or phrase. In this research
writer discussed one novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
Raditya Dika is one of authors or novelists who used code mixing in
his novel. His complete name is Dika Angkasaputra Moerwani. He was born
6
Ari Saputro, The Analysis of Indonesian-English Code-Mixing Used in Marmut Merah
Jambu Novel, Unpublised Thesis, Salatiga, Salatiga : State Islamic College of Salatiga, 2013, p.3.
6
in December 28th 1984. He graduated from Department of Political Science
in University of Indonesia. He had studied in Adelaide University of
Australia, allowing him to mix Indonesian and English in his writings and his
expressions.
Raditya Dika is the first Indonesian bloggers who managed to make a
book from his blog. He known as the author of humorous book. He has
written some novels like Kambing Jantan, Cinta Brontosaurus, Radikus
Makankakus, Babi Ngesot, Marmut Merah Jambu and Manusia Setengah
Salmon, and Koala Kumal.7
Manusia Setengah Salmon is the sixth book by Raditya Dika which
was published in 2011. The story still has concept comedy based on stories
written by the author as in the previous book. This book contains 258 pages
and 19 chapters.
As an illustration the writer presented a little bit sentence which
describes the reality of language used in which afterward the reality of
language use can be categorized as code mixing. The sentence is as follows:
Gue jadi jarang bisa ngelakuin kegiatan seperti maen game atau
bahkan sekedar lari sore bersama. P.13.
The sentence above indicates the existence of code mixing because the
speaker used one word or phrase of English into Indonesia language. The
speakers master both languages they used it to express their emotion, feeling
7
https://niningsyafitri.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/biography-raditya-dika/. Accessed
Desember 15, 2014.
7
or thought. It is found that there are variation forms and type code mixing
used.
Based on phenomenon above, the writer wants to concerns the style of
code mixing by Raditya Dika’s novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The
writer motivated to conduct a research entitled
“THE
ANALYSIS
OF
INDONESIAN-ENGLISH
CODE
MIXING USED IN RADITYA DIKA NOVEL ENTITLED MANUSIA
SETENGAH SALMON”.
B. Research Focus
In this research, the writer focused to describe the form, meaning,
frequency and reason using Indonesian-English code mixing which often
used by Raditya Dika in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
C. Research Problem
Based on research background, the writer proposed some problems as the
following:
1.
What are the word classes of Indonesian-English code mixing
used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by
Raditya Dika?
2.
What are the meanings of code mixing that found in the Raditya
Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon?
3.
What are the dominant of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya
Dika?
8
4.
Why code mixing is used in the Raditya Dika novel entitle
Manusia Setengah Salmon?
D. Objective of The Study
Based of the background of the study above, the objectives of the study
are:
1. To describe the word classes in Indonesian-English code mixing
used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by
Raditya Dika.
2. To find out the meaning of Indonesian-English code mixing that
found in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon by Raditya
Dika.
3. To find ot the dominant Indonesian-English code mixing used in
the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya
Dika.
4. To find out the reason of using code mixing used in the novel
entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya Dika
E. Significance of the Study
In theoretical, in this study gave readers additional information and
knowledge of code mixing from the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon
written by Raditya Dika especially to students in language program. Here the
writer gave information about definition, meaning, forms, function, and
purpose of Indonesian-English code-mixing used in Raditya Dika entitle
Manusia Setengah Salmon.
9
Practically, this analysis expected to inform the English students about
code mixing. The readers got many words, as the result that they are able to
increase their vocabulary and to improve their speaking, writing, reading and
listening skills.
F. Limitation of the Study
In this research, the writer limited the study on code mixing words used
in Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The study focussed
to determine the forms of
words in the process of word-formation, the
meaning, dominant of code mixing words, and reason using code mixing.
The writer choose Manusia Setengah Salmon novel because it is one of
the best seller novel in Indonesia that has been used in several language,
include Indonesian-English code mixing words.
G. Operational Definition of Key Terms
The writer gave some operational definition of this study to avoid
misunderstanding.
1.
Analysis
According to oxpord dictionary, analysis is study of something
by examining its parts. The process of identifying, extracting,
compliting, and modeling data for purposes of obtaining constructive
information that can applied to formulating conclution, predicting
outcomes or supporting decisions in business, science setting.
10
2.
Code mixing
According to Wardhaugh argue that code mixing occurred
when speaker use both languages together to the excent that they
change from one language to the other language in the course of a
single utterance or sentence.
It mean that they inserted some pieces or elements of another
language while they are basically using a certain language. This
phenomenon not only exists in conversation but is also presented in
printed media like a novel.8
3.
Manusia Setengah Salmon
Manusia Setengah Salmon is the sixth book by Raditya Dika
which was published in 2011. The story still has concept comedy
based on stories written by the author as in the previous book. This
book contains 258 pages and 19 chapter.
4.
Raditya Dika
Raditya Dika is one of authors or novelists who used code
mixing in his novel. His complete name is Dika Angkasaputra
Moerwani. He was born in December 28th 1984. He graduated from
Department of Political Science in University of Indonesia. He had
studied in Adelaide University of Australia, allowing him to mix
Indonesian and English in his writings and his expressions.
8
Cou Su Kia, Xiongxong Cheng, Tan Kooi Xee & Choo Wee Ling, Code-Mixing of
English in the Entertainment News of Chinese Newspaper in Malaysia, “International Journal of
English Linguistics Volume 1”, Malaysia : March 2011, p.4.
11
Raditya Dika is the first Indonesian bloggers who managed to
make a book from his blog. He known as the author of humorous
book. He has written some novel like Kambing Jantan, Cinta
Brontosaurus, Radikus Makankakus, Babi Ngesot, Marmut Merah
Jambu, Manusia Setengah Salmon and the last book is Koala kumal.
H. Framework of Discussion
The research is going to discuss three chapters as follow:
Chapter I :
Introduction covers background of the study, research
focus, research problem, objective of the study,
significance of the study, limitation of the study,
operational of the study, and frame of discussion.
Chapter II :
Review of related literature. It consists of some theories
about previous study, Sociolinguistics, Code-Mixing,
Causal Factor of Code Mixing, Linguistics Elements of
Code Mixing, Forms of Code Mixing, Purpose of Using
Code Mixing, Lexical Meaning, Manusia Setengah
Salmon Novel, Translation Process and The Effect of
Code Mixing for SLA and Frame of Thinking.
Chapter III :
Reseach Methodology. It consists of research type,
research design, role of the reseacher in the study, source
of the data, collecting data procedure, data analysis
procedure, method for verification of the research
findings, reference
12
Chapter IV:
Reseach finding and discussion. It consists of the word
classes of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
The meaning of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
The reason of using code mixing in Raditya Dika Novel.
Analysis. Discussion.
Chapter V:
Closure. It consists of Conclusion and Suggestion.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains the background of the study, research focus, research
problems, objective of the study, significances of the study, limitation of study,
operational definition and framework of discussion.
A. Background of Study
Language became an important factor of life. Many kinds of
information can be found easily by using language. Language is a tool of
communication and a tool of interaction that human have. Human being lives
in this world has a role as an individual creature, but also has a role as social
creature. People have a role as social creature which means people cannot live
alone. They need other people to fulfill their need and help them to solve their
problems.
Language can be used to convey opinion, idea, and feeling, although
the fiction or imagination situasion. The imagination situation like literature
(poetry, story, fairy tale, legend, joke) that used for speaker’s happiness or the
reader.1 To communicate with others they need language as a tools of
communication. Communication is a process by which information is
exchange between individuals through a common system a symbols, signs, or
behaviour.
In today’s modern world, globalization is the main factors considered
in everybody life. It plays an important role in the development some factor.
1
Abdul Chaer & Leonie Agustina, Sociolinguistik Perkenalan Awal, Jakarta : Rineka
Cipta, 2010, p.17.
2
In the modern “Global Village” countries and cultures are influencing each
other culturally more than ever before. International connections in the field
of science, politics, economies, culture, business, are realizing in different
forms visits, conferences, seminars, and studens exchanges.
During the processes of interpersonal communication the problems of
high importance are solved or discussed. The success of intercultural
communication depends on development of intercultural competence of
intelligence, on how people negotiate, meet, greet and relationship
worldwide. 2
People can use language to express idea, experiences, thought, wants,
hopes, feeling and so on to other. When two or more people communicate
with each other in speech we can call the system of communication that they
employ a code, in most cases that code will be something we may also want
to call language.
The study of language in relation to the society is called
sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of the language function in a
social context and the development of language in society. Sociolinguistics
focus on differences in the use of language in society so that an object can be
the object language learning another language. Then, the question of language
is the fundamental question of power. From the statement it is clear that
sociolinguistics is the study of language use in a society that did not focus on
2
Alevtina A. Kolosova, Intercultural Competence or Cultural Intellegence,
Bulgaria : Info Invert, 2011, p.14. (http://www.scientific publications.net/download/languageindividual-and-society-2011-1.pdf )
3
the composition of sentence structure but focuses on differences in language
use and language development in society. 3
The interaction between these two aspects sociolinguistics are habits
of the people of the usefulness of the language and the social composition of
habitual action. With language clearly focused on the topic of social
arrangement inherent in language habits society. So, the lessons of
sociolinguistics not only on the organizational structure of the language but
also on the level development use of language in society and familiarize the
user language to use the language that is used in accordance with the
appropriate developmental and language level of civility in society.
People speak based on where they came from and their environment.
When people are in conversation they use the language that they have,
generally people often use more than one language. It is very common that
people develop some knowledge and ability in a second language and so
become bilingual. The simplest definition of a bilingual is a person who has
some functional ability in a second language. This may vary from a limited
ability in one or more domains, to very strong command of both languages. 4
There are many more bilingual or multilingual individuals in the
world than there are monolingual. Monolingual refers to ability to use only
3
Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics Fifth Edition, Australia :
Blackwell, 2006, p.1.
(http://faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1393439953.5135An_Introduction_to_Sociolinguistics__
Blackwell_Textbooks_in_Linguistics_.pdf)
4
Suraiy Alam, Code-Mixing in Bangladesh a Case Study of Non-Goverment White Collar
Service Holders and Professionals, Asian Affairs, 2006, p.54.
(http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2006/4/3.pdf)
4
one language. Billingual is an ability to use two language and multilingual for
more than two languages. 5
Indonesian language as national language. They used more than one
language to communicate with another people. They used Indonesian
language in formal situation. In otherhand, Indonesia have many regional
languages like Javaness, banjarnese, bataknese, etcetera. They used it to
communicate other people in the same regional.
Many people had to learn English, which is an official language, to
get a better job in goverment sector and students had to have a very good
command over English because most of the books of occidental knowledge,
history, philosophy and technology are written in English.
English as one of the international language has a great influence to
the most Indonesians. Not only in speaking, but also in writing many people
often mix the English into Indonesian language. English has also influenced
Indonesia in various fields, including literature. Some English words or
expressions are usually used in Indonesian short stories, novels, poems,
etcetera. English can be found in various parts of those works such as in the
titles, dialogues, or narrations.
Nowdays, many Indonesian people use Indonesian and English in
same time. This condition is called code mixing because the condition where
people use more than one language in the same topic. Code mixing is the use
more than language that speakers or writers mix two codes or more language
5
Muriel Saville and Troike, Introduction of Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge :
University Press, 2006, p.8.
5
in discourse, the main characteristics in code mixing are relaxed situations
and informal situation.6
Code mixing can be seen in spoken or written language. Code mixing
in spoken language can be found in: radio program, television program,
teaching process and code mixing also found in written language such as
novel, newspaper, magazine, tabloid, etcetera. Literary books in Indonesia
have been developed both in their quantity or quality.
Literary books started by the coming of foreigners who use English in
their communication. Indonesian people were initiated to use English and
then to spread it out to the others. The influence from English maked literary
books in Indonesia have also been influenced by English. One kind of literary
books that is influenced by English is novel. The writers wrote a novel not
only in Indonesian language, sometimes the writers mix English in
Indonesian language.
Many factors which influenced the people mix the code, such as their
background as like education, culture, social, economic, etcetera. Education is
one of the parts of background the people mix the code, if the people have
good education so it influenced their mix code. In written language code
mixing presented in italic or underline style at word or phrase. In this research
writer discussed one novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
Raditya Dika is one of authors or novelists who used code mixing in
his novel. His complete name is Dika Angkasaputra Moerwani. He was born
6
Ari Saputro, The Analysis of Indonesian-English Code-Mixing Used in Marmut Merah
Jambu Novel, Unpublised Thesis, Salatiga, Salatiga : State Islamic College of Salatiga, 2013, p.3.
6
in December 28th 1984. He graduated from Department of Political Science
in University of Indonesia. He had studied in Adelaide University of
Australia, allowing him to mix Indonesian and English in his writings and his
expressions.
Raditya Dika is the first Indonesian bloggers who managed to make a
book from his blog. He known as the author of humorous book. He has
written some novels like Kambing Jantan, Cinta Brontosaurus, Radikus
Makankakus, Babi Ngesot, Marmut Merah Jambu and Manusia Setengah
Salmon, and Koala Kumal.7
Manusia Setengah Salmon is the sixth book by Raditya Dika which
was published in 2011. The story still has concept comedy based on stories
written by the author as in the previous book. This book contains 258 pages
and 19 chapters.
As an illustration the writer presented a little bit sentence which
describes the reality of language used in which afterward the reality of
language use can be categorized as code mixing. The sentence is as follows:
Gue jadi jarang bisa ngelakuin kegiatan seperti maen game atau
bahkan sekedar lari sore bersama. P.13.
The sentence above indicates the existence of code mixing because the
speaker used one word or phrase of English into Indonesia language. The
speakers master both languages they used it to express their emotion, feeling
7
https://niningsyafitri.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/biography-raditya-dika/. Accessed
Desember 15, 2014.
7
or thought. It is found that there are variation forms and type code mixing
used.
Based on phenomenon above, the writer wants to concerns the style of
code mixing by Raditya Dika’s novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The
writer motivated to conduct a research entitled
“THE
ANALYSIS
OF
INDONESIAN-ENGLISH
CODE
MIXING USED IN RADITYA DIKA NOVEL ENTITLED MANUSIA
SETENGAH SALMON”.
B. Research Focus
In this research, the writer focused to describe the form, meaning,
frequency and reason using Indonesian-English code mixing which often
used by Raditya Dika in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
C. Research Problem
Based on research background, the writer proposed some problems as the
following:
1.
What are the word classes of Indonesian-English code mixing
used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by
Raditya Dika?
2.
What are the meanings of code mixing that found in the Raditya
Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon?
3.
What are the dominant of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya
Dika?
8
4.
Why code mixing is used in the Raditya Dika novel entitle
Manusia Setengah Salmon?
D. Objective of The Study
Based of the background of the study above, the objectives of the study
are:
1. To describe the word classes in Indonesian-English code mixing
used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by
Raditya Dika.
2. To find out the meaning of Indonesian-English code mixing that
found in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon by Raditya
Dika.
3. To find ot the dominant Indonesian-English code mixing used in
the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya
Dika.
4. To find out the reason of using code mixing used in the novel
entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya Dika
E. Significance of the Study
In theoretical, in this study gave readers additional information and
knowledge of code mixing from the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon
written by Raditya Dika especially to students in language program. Here the
writer gave information about definition, meaning, forms, function, and
purpose of Indonesian-English code-mixing used in Raditya Dika entitle
Manusia Setengah Salmon.
9
Practically, this analysis expected to inform the English students about
code mixing. The readers got many words, as the result that they are able to
increase their vocabulary and to improve their speaking, writing, reading and
listening skills.
F. Limitation of the Study
In this research, the writer limited the study on code mixing words used
in Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The study focussed
to determine the forms of
words in the process of word-formation, the
meaning, dominant of code mixing words, and reason using code mixing.
The writer choose Manusia Setengah Salmon novel because it is one of
the best seller novel in Indonesia that has been used in several language,
include Indonesian-English code mixing words.
G. Operational Definition of Key Terms
The writer gave some operational definition of this study to avoid
misunderstanding.
1.
Analysis
According to oxpord dictionary, analysis is study of something
by examining its parts. The process of identifying, extracting,
compliting, and modeling data for purposes of obtaining constructive
information that can applied to formulating conclution, predicting
outcomes or supporting decisions in business, science setting.
10
2.
Code mixing
According to Wardhaugh argue that code mixing occurred
when speaker use both languages together to the excent that they
change from one language to the other language in the course of a
single utterance or sentence.
It mean that they inserted some pieces or elements of another
language while they are basically using a certain language. This
phenomenon not only exists in conversation but is also presented in
printed media like a novel.8
3.
Manusia Setengah Salmon
Manusia Setengah Salmon is the sixth book by Raditya Dika
which was published in 2011. The story still has concept comedy
based on stories written by the author as in the previous book. This
book contains 258 pages and 19 chapter.
4.
Raditya Dika
Raditya Dika is one of authors or novelists who used code
mixing in his novel. His complete name is Dika Angkasaputra
Moerwani. He was born in December 28th 1984. He graduated from
Department of Political Science in University of Indonesia. He had
studied in Adelaide University of Australia, allowing him to mix
Indonesian and English in his writings and his expressions.
8
Cou Su Kia, Xiongxong Cheng, Tan Kooi Xee & Choo Wee Ling, Code-Mixing of
English in the Entertainment News of Chinese Newspaper in Malaysia, “International Journal of
English Linguistics Volume 1”, Malaysia : March 2011, p.4.
11
Raditya Dika is the first Indonesian bloggers who managed to
make a book from his blog. He known as the author of humorous
book. He has written some novel like Kambing Jantan, Cinta
Brontosaurus, Radikus Makankakus, Babi Ngesot, Marmut Merah
Jambu, Manusia Setengah Salmon and the last book is Koala kumal.
H. Framework of Discussion
The research is going to discuss three chapters as follow:
Chapter I :
Introduction covers background of the study, research
focus, research problem, objective of the study,
significance of the study, limitation of the study,
operational of the study, and frame of discussion.
Chapter II :
Review of related literature. It consists of some theories
about previous study, Sociolinguistics, Code-Mixing,
Causal Factor of Code Mixing, Linguistics Elements of
Code Mixing, Forms of Code Mixing, Purpose of Using
Code Mixing, Lexical Meaning, Manusia Setengah
Salmon Novel, Translation Process and The Effect of
Code Mixing for SLA and Frame of Thinking.
Chapter III :
Reseach Methodology. It consists of research type,
research design, role of the reseacher in the study, source
of the data, collecting data procedure, data analysis
procedure, method for verification of the research
findings, reference
12
Chapter IV:
Reseach finding and discussion. It consists of the word
classes of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
The meaning of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
The reason of using code mixing in Raditya Dika Novel.
Analysis. Discussion.
Chapter V:
Closure. It consists of Conclusion and Suggestion.