Bahan ajar Kimia powerpoint dan animasi kelas X XI XIII AdditionReactions

Decane
(what is the formula?
______________)

Catalyst (broken clay pot or
aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

water

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Decane
(what is the formula?______________)
What is the Structural formula - Draw in your jotter)

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Decane
Draw 4 isomers of decane

c
c c c c c c c cc
c
c c c c c c c c
c

c
c c c c c c c c c
c
c
c c c c c c c
c

H

When we “crack” DECANE what are the possible products formed?

How do you prove you have formed these products?

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H
H

H
H

C

C

C

c

H

c

H

H
H

H

H

H

H

Annapurna

Alkanes
Saturated
(Single Bonds)

Cycloalkanes

Can be

Hydrocarbons
Ethene
CH2=CH2
Pentene
CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2

Can be
Unsaturated
(Double Bond)

Alkenes

Saturated or
Unsaturated?
H

H

H

C

Saturate
d
C
C
C

H

H

CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
Saturate
d

H

H

Saturate
d

H
H

H

H

C
H

H
H

H

H

C

C

C

Unsaturat
H
Hed

C

C

H

H

H

H
CH2CHCH3
Unsaturat
ed

Bromine Water
Br

Double Bonds
Undergo

Br

Addition Reactions

H
H

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

In Addition Reactions
The double bond
Breaks and bromine atoms
are added to both sides
of the double bond

Addition of Hydrogen
(H2)

H

The double bond
Breaks and Hydrogen atoms
are added to both sides
H
of the double bond

H

H

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

Propene
Propane
+ Hydrogen

Alkenes into Alkanes
1.

Hexene +
Hydrogen
C6H12 +

H H
H

C
H

C

H H
C

C
H HH

C

H H H H

H

H

H

H
H

H

H2

H

C

Now write this
reactions using
Hexane
the Structural
Formulae
C6H14

H

C
C
H H

C
C

C
C

HH

H

H
H

Alkenes into Alkanes
2.

Octene + Hydrogen
C8H16

H2

+

H
H H
H

C
H

C

Octane
C8H18

H
H

H H H H
C

C
H HH

C
C

C
C

HH

H

H
H

H

C
C

H

H H H H

HH
C
C

H H HH

C
C

C
C

HH

H

H
H

Saturated?
C10H20 ?

C2H6
C4H10

C20H42

C H8?

C7H14 ?
4

C60H122

C4H8 ?
C8H18

C11H22 ?
C15H30

?

Alkenes and Cycloalkanes
Isomers from different Homologous
Series
Unsaturate
d
C4H8
Alkenes
CnH2n
Cycloalkanes
Saturated

C4H8

C4H8
Unsaturated

H

H

H

H

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

Saturated

CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
H

Butene
Reacts with
Bromine

Cyclobutane

Unreactive
No Reaction with
Bromine

C5H10
A

B

► Describe

Penten
e

Cyclopentan
e

how you could find out, which
test tube contained pentene and which
test tube contained cyclopentane

►Only

Tube A decolourised bromine water.

Bromine Water
► Alkenes

react with Bromine water.
► The bromine water changes from brown to
clear.
► Tube A must contain Pentene

Alkene
Bromin
e Water

Alkane