Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:A:Animal Feed Science and Technology:Vol81.Issue1-2.Sep1999:
Animal Feed Science and Technology
81 (1999) 81±91
Chemical changes and influences of rapeseed
antinutritional factors on lamb physiology
and performance
1. Animal performance and thyroid histology
G. Deryckea, N. Mabonb, S.N.M. Mandikia,*, J.L. Bistera,
J.-P. Watheletb, M. Marlierb, R. Paquaya
a
FaculteÂs Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale,
rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
b
Faculte Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Unite de Chimie GeÂneÂrale et Organique,
Passage des deÂporteÂs 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Received 7 July 1998; received in revised form 19 January 1999; accepted 19 May 1999
Abstract
Sixty six Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs allocated to three groups were used. From the end of
their first month of age till slaughtering, they were fed ad libitum with concentrates containing 0%
(Control) or 25% of rapeseed meal obtained from either Samourai (Samourai) or Honk (Honk)
variety. The Samourai and Honk concentrates contained 1.95 and 4.22 mmoles/g DM of
glucosinolates, respectively. Lambs were weaned at 88 8 days of age and 24 5 kg of live
weight and were slaughtered when their fattening state was estimated to be optimal. Apart from low
concentrate intake for suckling lambs at the beginning of the experiment in the Honk, no negative
effect of low glucosinolates (LG)-rapeseed meal was noted concerning animal performance. The
quality of perirenal fat was better for lambs which received rapeseed meal since lower (P < 0.5)
proportions of saturated fatty acids (C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 0) and higher contents (P < 0.05) of some
unsaturated fatty acids (C18 : 1trans, C22 : 2) were determined. The thyroid weight was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) for the Honk (3.04 0.8 g) than in the Control (2.6 0.5 g) and the Samourai
(2.7 0.6 g). Moreover, the percentages of small thyroid follicles were lower (P < 0.05) in the
Honk than in the Control and Samourai groups. Conversely, the percentages of large thyroid
follicles were higher (P < 0.05) in the Honk than in the two other groups. These results suggest that
rapeseed meal can be used as the only protein supplement for fattening lambs despite the
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-81724377; fax: +32-81724420
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.N.M. Mandiki)
0377-8401/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0 3 7 7 - 8 4 0 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 7 5 - 9
82
G. Derycke et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 81 (1999) 81±91
modification of thyroid histology by high glucosinolate content. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All
rights reserved.
Keywords: Rapeseed meal; Sheep-lamb; Animal performance; Thyroid
1. Introduction
In comparison to soyabean meal, the nutritive value of rapeseed meal has been
investigated mainly with regard to the effects of antinutritional factors on feed intake,
zootechnical performance, morphological and physiological disturbances and quality of
products. There are also reports on the changes in glucosinolates concentration during the
technological processing, and in the digestive system (micro-organisms) as well as on the
effects of breakdown products of glucosinolates (nitriles, isothiocyanates, thiocyanate
ions, oxazolidinethione) in the animal.
The effects of antinutritional factors depend on their amount in the diet, thus, genetic
improvement has been made in order to reduce the erucic acid and glucosinolate content
in the rapeseed (varieties 00 or Canola). Up to now, rapeseed oil has been mainly used in
human nutrition. However, new industrial applications are nowadays developing (fuel,
cosmetic products, lubricant industry) and this may arise the interest in new varieties
suitable for industrial purposes but which may contain more glucosinolates than the best
current Canola varieties.
Moreover, studies on ruminants are still incomplete and most of them did not clarify
the set of problems encountered with the rapeseed use in animal feeding. Indeed, some
studies suggest that rapeseed meal might constitute the only source of protein for dairy
cows and fattening cattle (Fiems and Buysse, 1985), but investigations are still needed to
establish the maximal amount of rapeseed which may be included in the diet of ruminants,
especially the young animals (Hill, 1991; Bell, 1993; Mawson et al., 1994a, b).
A large experiment on the optimal level of rapeseed meal in the diet of ruminants
(cattle and sheep) during different physiological states (growth-fattening and gestationlactation) was undertaken in order to study simultaneously several aspects, such as
metabolism and target organs of glucosinolates, zootechnical performance, endocrine and
metabolic modifications, morphology and physiology of some organs and quality of
products. This series of articles summarizes a study on the effects of two rapeseed
varieties with different levels of glucosinolates on the growth and fattening performance
of lambs. We will successively present data concerning the animal performance and
histological aspects (part 1), the plasma substances and thyroid activity (part 2) and the
metabolism as well as the target organs of antinutritional substances (part 3).
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Animal and management
The experiment was carried out at the Ovine Research Centre of Faulx-les-Tombes
(508250 North and 5820 East), Belgium. Sixty six Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs were
G. Derycke et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 81 (1999) 81±91
83
allocated to three groups according to their sex, body weight (8.9 2.8 kg) and age
(28 8 day). They received ad libitum water and hay plus concentrates containing 0%
(Control) or 25% of rapeseed meal obtained from either the rape varieties Samourai
(15 mmoles of glucosinolates/g dry matter-DM in the oil seed, 1.95 mmoles of
glucosinolates/g DM in the complete concentrate) or Honk (33 and 4.22 mmoles of
glucosinolates/g, respectively). Rapeseed meal was the sole supplement for the two
experimental concentrates. The two types of rapeseed meal were chosen among the
varieties used in Belgium on the basis of total glucosinolates content and their
distribution, especially the percentage of progoitrine, the major precursor of the 5-vinyl1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione during metabolism. According to the criteria used to define the
Canola rapeseed varieties (75 p in diameter)
42 27 a
45 20
12 14 a
29 13 b
55 7
14 10 a
24 15 b
51 12
27 18 b
a
Values carrying a and b are significantly different means (P
81 (1999) 81±91
Chemical changes and influences of rapeseed
antinutritional factors on lamb physiology
and performance
1. Animal performance and thyroid histology
G. Deryckea, N. Mabonb, S.N.M. Mandikia,*, J.L. Bistera,
J.-P. Watheletb, M. Marlierb, R. Paquaya
a
FaculteÂs Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale,
rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
b
Faculte Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Unite de Chimie GeÂneÂrale et Organique,
Passage des deÂporteÂs 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Received 7 July 1998; received in revised form 19 January 1999; accepted 19 May 1999
Abstract
Sixty six Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs allocated to three groups were used. From the end of
their first month of age till slaughtering, they were fed ad libitum with concentrates containing 0%
(Control) or 25% of rapeseed meal obtained from either Samourai (Samourai) or Honk (Honk)
variety. The Samourai and Honk concentrates contained 1.95 and 4.22 mmoles/g DM of
glucosinolates, respectively. Lambs were weaned at 88 8 days of age and 24 5 kg of live
weight and were slaughtered when their fattening state was estimated to be optimal. Apart from low
concentrate intake for suckling lambs at the beginning of the experiment in the Honk, no negative
effect of low glucosinolates (LG)-rapeseed meal was noted concerning animal performance. The
quality of perirenal fat was better for lambs which received rapeseed meal since lower (P < 0.5)
proportions of saturated fatty acids (C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 0) and higher contents (P < 0.05) of some
unsaturated fatty acids (C18 : 1trans, C22 : 2) were determined. The thyroid weight was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) for the Honk (3.04 0.8 g) than in the Control (2.6 0.5 g) and the Samourai
(2.7 0.6 g). Moreover, the percentages of small thyroid follicles were lower (P < 0.05) in the
Honk than in the Control and Samourai groups. Conversely, the percentages of large thyroid
follicles were higher (P < 0.05) in the Honk than in the two other groups. These results suggest that
rapeseed meal can be used as the only protein supplement for fattening lambs despite the
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-81724377; fax: +32-81724420
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.N.M. Mandiki)
0377-8401/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0 3 7 7 - 8 4 0 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 7 5 - 9
82
G. Derycke et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 81 (1999) 81±91
modification of thyroid histology by high glucosinolate content. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All
rights reserved.
Keywords: Rapeseed meal; Sheep-lamb; Animal performance; Thyroid
1. Introduction
In comparison to soyabean meal, the nutritive value of rapeseed meal has been
investigated mainly with regard to the effects of antinutritional factors on feed intake,
zootechnical performance, morphological and physiological disturbances and quality of
products. There are also reports on the changes in glucosinolates concentration during the
technological processing, and in the digestive system (micro-organisms) as well as on the
effects of breakdown products of glucosinolates (nitriles, isothiocyanates, thiocyanate
ions, oxazolidinethione) in the animal.
The effects of antinutritional factors depend on their amount in the diet, thus, genetic
improvement has been made in order to reduce the erucic acid and glucosinolate content
in the rapeseed (varieties 00 or Canola). Up to now, rapeseed oil has been mainly used in
human nutrition. However, new industrial applications are nowadays developing (fuel,
cosmetic products, lubricant industry) and this may arise the interest in new varieties
suitable for industrial purposes but which may contain more glucosinolates than the best
current Canola varieties.
Moreover, studies on ruminants are still incomplete and most of them did not clarify
the set of problems encountered with the rapeseed use in animal feeding. Indeed, some
studies suggest that rapeseed meal might constitute the only source of protein for dairy
cows and fattening cattle (Fiems and Buysse, 1985), but investigations are still needed to
establish the maximal amount of rapeseed which may be included in the diet of ruminants,
especially the young animals (Hill, 1991; Bell, 1993; Mawson et al., 1994a, b).
A large experiment on the optimal level of rapeseed meal in the diet of ruminants
(cattle and sheep) during different physiological states (growth-fattening and gestationlactation) was undertaken in order to study simultaneously several aspects, such as
metabolism and target organs of glucosinolates, zootechnical performance, endocrine and
metabolic modifications, morphology and physiology of some organs and quality of
products. This series of articles summarizes a study on the effects of two rapeseed
varieties with different levels of glucosinolates on the growth and fattening performance
of lambs. We will successively present data concerning the animal performance and
histological aspects (part 1), the plasma substances and thyroid activity (part 2) and the
metabolism as well as the target organs of antinutritional substances (part 3).
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Animal and management
The experiment was carried out at the Ovine Research Centre of Faulx-les-Tombes
(508250 North and 5820 East), Belgium. Sixty six Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs were
G. Derycke et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 81 (1999) 81±91
83
allocated to three groups according to their sex, body weight (8.9 2.8 kg) and age
(28 8 day). They received ad libitum water and hay plus concentrates containing 0%
(Control) or 25% of rapeseed meal obtained from either the rape varieties Samourai
(15 mmoles of glucosinolates/g dry matter-DM in the oil seed, 1.95 mmoles of
glucosinolates/g DM in the complete concentrate) or Honk (33 and 4.22 mmoles of
glucosinolates/g, respectively). Rapeseed meal was the sole supplement for the two
experimental concentrates. The two types of rapeseed meal were chosen among the
varieties used in Belgium on the basis of total glucosinolates content and their
distribution, especially the percentage of progoitrine, the major precursor of the 5-vinyl1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione during metabolism. According to the criteria used to define the
Canola rapeseed varieties (75 p in diameter)
42 27 a
45 20
12 14 a
29 13 b
55 7
14 10 a
24 15 b
51 12
27 18 b
a
Values carrying a and b are significantly different means (P