Determinan Stunting pada Anak Usia 12-36 Bulan di Kecamatan Simpang Kiri Kota Subulussalam Tahun 2015

ABSTRAK

Stunting adalah keadaan status gizi seseorang berdasarkan z-skor tinggi badan
(TB) terhadap umur (U) dimana terletak pada Z Score < -2 SD. Stunting merupakan
keadaan kekurangan gizi yang berlangsung secara terus menerus dan terjadi dalam
jangka waktu yang lama. Prevalensi stunting pada anak umur di bawah 5 tahun di Kota
Subulussalam yaitu 64,91% dimana proporsi terbesar kejadian terdapat di Kecamatan
Simpang Kiri yaitu sebanyak 48%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui determinan
kejadian stunting.
Desain penelitian menggunakan kasus-kontrol tidak berpasangan dengan
sampel pada anak umur 12-36 bulan dengan jumlah 53 anak stunting dan 53 anak
status gizi normal. Faktor yang diteliti adalah frekuensi makan sumber mineral
(kalsium, Fe, dan zink), frekuensi makan makanan sumber vitamin A, waktu
pemberian MP-ASI, riwayat menderita diare, riwayat ISPA, tinggi badan orang tua,
ASI eksklusif, kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi, pendapatan keluarga dan berat badan
lahir. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik untuk
menilai determinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh
terhadap stunting adalah tinggi badan orang tua (OR=28,28), 95% CI: 9,00-88,802),
dan frekuensi makan sumber kalsium (OR=5,08) 95% CI: 1,65 – 15,66).
Untuk menanggulangi kejadian stunting direkomendasikan peningkatan

perekonomian masyarakat dan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu dengan memberikan
penyuluhan yang lebih sering tentang ASI eksklusif, waktu pemberian MP-ASI dan
frekuensi MP-ASI.

Kata Kunci: Determinan, Stunting, Anak Usia 12-36 Bulan

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ABSTRACT

Stunting is a nutritional status based on Z-Score of height per age with Z-Score
< -2 SD. It is a malnutrition which occurs continuously in the long time. The
prevalence of stunting among children under five year-old in Subulussalam was
64.91% which the highest proportion of the incidence is found in Simpang Kiri
Subdistrict (48%). The objective of the research was to find out the determinants of
stunting.
The research was unmatched case-control design. The samples were 53 stunting
children of 12-36 months old and 53 children normal. The factors were the frequency
of mineral sources intake (calcium, Fe, and zinc), the frequency of vitamin A sources
intake, the time of complementary feeding, suffering from diarrhea, suffering from

URTI, parents’ height, exclusive breastfeeding, completeness of immunization, family
income, and birth weight. The data were analyzed using chi square test and logistic
regression test to assess determinant which had the most dominant influence on the
incidence of stunting.
The result of the research showed that the factor which had the most dominant
influence on stunting was parents’ height (OR = 28.28), 95% CI: 9.00-88.802) and the
frequency of calcium sources intake (OR = 5.08), 95% CI: 1.65-15.66).
It is recommended that, in order to reduce the incidence of stunting, increasing
the family income and improve mothers’ knowledge by providing counseling about
exclusive breastfeeding, the time of complementary feeding, and frequency of
complementary feeding.

Keywords: Determinant, Stunting, 12-36 Month-Old Children

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