Hubungan Kadar D-dimer Saat Awal Pemeriksaan Pada Pasien Pneumonia Komunitas Terhadap Kematian 30 Hari
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin A. Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Dalam : Naskah
lengkap 11th Annual Scientific meeting Internal Medicine 2010. Semarang.
Badan penerbit USU press. 2010; p. 132-42.
Abraham E. (2000) Coagulation Abnormalities in Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis. Am.
J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:401–4.
Agapakis DI, Tsantilas D, Psarris P, et al. Coagulation and inflammation biomarkers
may help predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia.
Respirology. 2010; 15: 796-803.
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus
Conference: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for The
Use of InnovativeTherapies in Sepsis. Critical Care Medicine, 1992. Vol 20
no 6.and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics National Vital
Statistics System. Deaths: final data. National Vital Statistics Reports,
2011.Vol. 61, No. 6.
Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I. The association between plasma d-dimer
levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics. 2010;65(6):593-7.
Birhasani. Tesis: Kadar D dimer plasma pada penderita sindrom koroner akut dengan
derajat stenosis berbeda. Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu Biomedik. FK
UNDIP.
2010
[Cited
2011
Mei
18].
Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id/24034/1/B_i_r_h_a_s_a_n_i.pdf
Bockenstedt P (2003). D-Dimer in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med
;349;13:1203-4
77
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Bont J, Hak E, Hoes AW, Macfarlane JT, Verheij TJM. Predicting Death in Elderly
Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Validation
Study Reevaluating the CRB-65 Severity Assesment Tool. Arch Intern Med.
2008; 168: 1465-68.
Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla M, et.al.
Validation of Predictive Rule for the management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 151-57.
Carol P, Kathryn JG. Alteration of Urinary System. In:Essentials of Pathophysiology.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003:411
Castro DJ, Rodrıguez EP, Montaner L, Flores J, Nuevo GD. Diagnostic Value of D
Dimer in Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia. Respiration. 2001;68:371–
75
Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Scally C, Hill AT. Admission D-dimer can identify
low-risk patients with
community acquired pneumonia. Annals of
Emergency Medicine.2009;53:633-8
Crain MC, Opal SM. Clinical review: The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and
management of communitya cquired pneumonia. Critical Care 2010,
14:203.
Dahlan Z. Pandangan Baru
Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran. 2000;128: 6.
De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital
Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports. 2008;5: 1 – 20.
Dahlan Z. Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M,
Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam: Interna Publishing;
2009.
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M (2011). Gangguan Koagulasi pada Sepsis. Sari
Pediatri;13(3):226-32.
Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S (2004). Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the
severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks; 52:341–7.
78
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kaplan V, Clermont G, Griffin MF, Kasal J, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, et.al.
Pneumonia: Still the Oldman’s Friend?. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 31723.
Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC, Kaya S, Babaoglu E, Acikgoz ZC, Kanbay A,
et.al. Cut-off value of D-dimer in pulmonary thromboembolism and
pneumonia. Turk J Med Sci. 2009; 39 (5): 687-692.
Levi M, Schultz MJ, Rijneveld AW, van der Poll T. Bronchoalveolar coagulation and
fibrinolysis in endotoxemia and pneumonia. Crit Care Med.2003;31:238-42
Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Jeune IL, et.al. British
Thoracic Society Guidelines For The Management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia in Adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009; 64(suppl II): 1 – 55.
Milbrandt EB, Reade MC, Lee MJ, Shook SL, Angus DC, Kong L, et al. Prevalence
and Significance of Coagulation Abnormalities in Community-acquired
Pneumonia. Molecular medicine. 2009; 15(11-12): 438–445.
Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR. The Role of Biomarker in Community Acquired
Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive Therapy.
Critical Care. 2008;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et.al.
Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society
Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia in Adults. CID. 2007; 44: 27- 72.
Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K. On Admission Level
of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community Acquired Pneumonia.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2009;12 (6): 514-517.
Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Mueller C, Leuppi J, et.al. Diagnostic
and Prognostic Accuracy of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in
Community Acquired Pneumonia. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2007; 7: 1-10.
Nayak SB, Sakhamuri MS, Raghunanan B, Allison A, Uppalapati K, Patcha K. The
role of serum markers in assessing the severity and outcome of community
79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
acquired pneumonia in Trinidadian population. Journal of Public Health and
Epidemiology, 2010: 20-24.
Purba DB. Kadar Procalcitonin Sebagai Marker dan Hubungannya dengan Derajat
keparahan Sepsis (Tesis). Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Medan; 2010: 32.
Ribelles JMQ, Tenias JM, Grav E, Querol-Borras JM, Climent JL, Gomez E, et.al.
Plasma d-dimer levels correlate with outcomes in patient with Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Chest. 2004; 126: 1087-92.
Rosner MH, Okusa MD. Pathogenesis and etiology of postischemic acute tubular
necrosis. UpToDate 2009. Available from : http:// www.uptodate.com.
Saito A, Kohno S, Matsushima T, et al. Prospective Multicenter Study of The
Causative Organisms of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults in
Japan. J Infect Chemother 2006;12:63–9.
Shilon Y, Shitrit AB, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM, Margalit M, Sulkes J, et al (2003). A
rapid quantitative D-dimer assay at admission correlates with the severity of
community acquired pneumonia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis;14:745–8.
Shorr AF, Thomas SJ, Alkins SA, Fitzpatrick TM, Ling GS. D-dimer Correlates With
Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients.
Chest. 2002;121;1262-1268.
Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity Assesment in Community
Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med. 2009; 102: 379-88.
Suharto (2011). Sepsis dasar patogenesis dan pemberian obat antimikroba. Dalam:
Nasronudin (editor): Penyakit infeksi di Indonesia & solusi kini mendatang.
Airlangga University Press: 419-25.
Summary Executive. Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia. Survei
Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT). 2001: 2.
Wattanathum A, Chaoprasong C, Nunthapisud P, et al (2003). Community-acquired
pneumoniae in southeast Asia: the microbial differences between ambulatory
and hospitalized patients. Chest; 123:1512-9.
80
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Widjaja AC (2010). Uji diagnostik pemeriksaan kadar D dimer plasma pada
diagnosis stroke iskemik (Tesis). Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu
Biomedik.
FK
UNDIP.
[Cited
2013
Mei
10].
Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id.
81
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Abidin A. Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Dalam : Naskah
lengkap 11th Annual Scientific meeting Internal Medicine 2010. Semarang.
Badan penerbit USU press. 2010; p. 132-42.
Abraham E. (2000) Coagulation Abnormalities in Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis. Am.
J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:401–4.
Agapakis DI, Tsantilas D, Psarris P, et al. Coagulation and inflammation biomarkers
may help predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia.
Respirology. 2010; 15: 796-803.
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus
Conference: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for The
Use of InnovativeTherapies in Sepsis. Critical Care Medicine, 1992. Vol 20
no 6.and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics National Vital
Statistics System. Deaths: final data. National Vital Statistics Reports,
2011.Vol. 61, No. 6.
Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I. The association between plasma d-dimer
levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics. 2010;65(6):593-7.
Birhasani. Tesis: Kadar D dimer plasma pada penderita sindrom koroner akut dengan
derajat stenosis berbeda. Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu Biomedik. FK
UNDIP.
2010
[Cited
2011
Mei
18].
Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id/24034/1/B_i_r_h_a_s_a_n_i.pdf
Bockenstedt P (2003). D-Dimer in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med
;349;13:1203-4
77
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Bont J, Hak E, Hoes AW, Macfarlane JT, Verheij TJM. Predicting Death in Elderly
Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Validation
Study Reevaluating the CRB-65 Severity Assesment Tool. Arch Intern Med.
2008; 168: 1465-68.
Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla M, et.al.
Validation of Predictive Rule for the management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 151-57.
Carol P, Kathryn JG. Alteration of Urinary System. In:Essentials of Pathophysiology.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003:411
Castro DJ, Rodrıguez EP, Montaner L, Flores J, Nuevo GD. Diagnostic Value of D
Dimer in Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia. Respiration. 2001;68:371–
75
Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Scally C, Hill AT. Admission D-dimer can identify
low-risk patients with
community acquired pneumonia. Annals of
Emergency Medicine.2009;53:633-8
Crain MC, Opal SM. Clinical review: The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and
management of communitya cquired pneumonia. Critical Care 2010,
14:203.
Dahlan Z. Pandangan Baru
Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran. 2000;128: 6.
De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital
Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports. 2008;5: 1 – 20.
Dahlan Z. Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M,
Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam: Interna Publishing;
2009.
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M (2011). Gangguan Koagulasi pada Sepsis. Sari
Pediatri;13(3):226-32.
Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S (2004). Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the
severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks; 52:341–7.
78
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kaplan V, Clermont G, Griffin MF, Kasal J, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, et.al.
Pneumonia: Still the Oldman’s Friend?. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 31723.
Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC, Kaya S, Babaoglu E, Acikgoz ZC, Kanbay A,
et.al. Cut-off value of D-dimer in pulmonary thromboembolism and
pneumonia. Turk J Med Sci. 2009; 39 (5): 687-692.
Levi M, Schultz MJ, Rijneveld AW, van der Poll T. Bronchoalveolar coagulation and
fibrinolysis in endotoxemia and pneumonia. Crit Care Med.2003;31:238-42
Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Jeune IL, et.al. British
Thoracic Society Guidelines For The Management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia in Adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009; 64(suppl II): 1 – 55.
Milbrandt EB, Reade MC, Lee MJ, Shook SL, Angus DC, Kong L, et al. Prevalence
and Significance of Coagulation Abnormalities in Community-acquired
Pneumonia. Molecular medicine. 2009; 15(11-12): 438–445.
Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR. The Role of Biomarker in Community Acquired
Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive Therapy.
Critical Care. 2008;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et.al.
Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society
Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia in Adults. CID. 2007; 44: 27- 72.
Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K. On Admission Level
of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community Acquired Pneumonia.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2009;12 (6): 514-517.
Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Mueller C, Leuppi J, et.al. Diagnostic
and Prognostic Accuracy of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in
Community Acquired Pneumonia. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2007; 7: 1-10.
Nayak SB, Sakhamuri MS, Raghunanan B, Allison A, Uppalapati K, Patcha K. The
role of serum markers in assessing the severity and outcome of community
79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
acquired pneumonia in Trinidadian population. Journal of Public Health and
Epidemiology, 2010: 20-24.
Purba DB. Kadar Procalcitonin Sebagai Marker dan Hubungannya dengan Derajat
keparahan Sepsis (Tesis). Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Medan; 2010: 32.
Ribelles JMQ, Tenias JM, Grav E, Querol-Borras JM, Climent JL, Gomez E, et.al.
Plasma d-dimer levels correlate with outcomes in patient with Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Chest. 2004; 126: 1087-92.
Rosner MH, Okusa MD. Pathogenesis and etiology of postischemic acute tubular
necrosis. UpToDate 2009. Available from : http:// www.uptodate.com.
Saito A, Kohno S, Matsushima T, et al. Prospective Multicenter Study of The
Causative Organisms of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults in
Japan. J Infect Chemother 2006;12:63–9.
Shilon Y, Shitrit AB, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM, Margalit M, Sulkes J, et al (2003). A
rapid quantitative D-dimer assay at admission correlates with the severity of
community acquired pneumonia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis;14:745–8.
Shorr AF, Thomas SJ, Alkins SA, Fitzpatrick TM, Ling GS. D-dimer Correlates With
Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients.
Chest. 2002;121;1262-1268.
Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity Assesment in Community
Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med. 2009; 102: 379-88.
Suharto (2011). Sepsis dasar patogenesis dan pemberian obat antimikroba. Dalam:
Nasronudin (editor): Penyakit infeksi di Indonesia & solusi kini mendatang.
Airlangga University Press: 419-25.
Summary Executive. Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia. Survei
Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT). 2001: 2.
Wattanathum A, Chaoprasong C, Nunthapisud P, et al (2003). Community-acquired
pneumoniae in southeast Asia: the microbial differences between ambulatory
and hospitalized patients. Chest; 123:1512-9.
80
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Widjaja AC (2010). Uji diagnostik pemeriksaan kadar D dimer plasma pada
diagnosis stroke iskemik (Tesis). Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu
Biomedik.
FK
UNDIP.
[Cited
2013
Mei
10].
Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id.
81
Universitas Sumatera Utara