Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Dari Ampas Teh Sebagai Adsorben Dalam Proses Adsorpsi α-Tokoferol Yang Terkandung Dalam Minyak Kelapa Sawit Mentah (Crude Palm Oil)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1]
Sampaio, Klicia A., J. V. Ayala, S. M. Silva, R. Ceriani, R. Verhe, dan A. J. A.
Meirelles. 2013. Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Carotenoids in
Palm Oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90: 191-198.
[2]
UNEP. 2011. Oil palm plantations : threats and opportunities for tropical
ecosystems. UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS).
[3]
Gibon. V, J. V. Ayala, P. Dijckmans, J. Maes, dan W. De Greyt. 2009. Future
Prospects for Palm Oil Refining and Modifications. OCL Vol. 16 No
4: 193-200.
[4]
Goh, S.H., Y. M. Choo, dan S. H. Ong. 1985. Minor Constituents of Palm Oil.
JAOCS Vol. 62 no.2: 237-240
[5]
Shih, C. J., C. T. Lin, dan S. M. Wu. 2010. Adsortion of Vitamin E on
Mesoporous Titania Nanocrystals. Material Research Bulletin 45:
863-869
[6]
Kotova, D. L., S. Y. Vasilyeva, T. A. Krysanova, and A.V. Zenishcheva. 2013.
Isotherm
of
α-Tocopherol
Adsorption
on
Acid-Activated
Clipnoptilolite Tuff. Colloid Journal Vol. 75 No.1: 84-87.
[7]
Reboul, E., M. Richelle, E. Perrot, C. D. Malezet, V. Pirisi, dan P. Borel. 2006.
Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Vitamin E from Their Main
Dietary Sources. J Agric Food Chem 54: 8749-8755.
[8]
Sabliov, C. M., C. Fronczek, C. E. Astete, M. Khachaturyan, L. Khachatryan,
dan C. Leonardi. 2009. Effects of Temperature and UV Light on
Degradation of α-Tocopherol in Free and Dissolved Form. J Am Oil
Chem Soc 86: 895-902.
[9]
Berman, K. dan H. Brodaty. 2004. Tocopherol (Vitamin E) in Alzheimer’s
Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS Drugs 18(12):
807-825.
[10] Harrison, S. A., S. Torgerson, P. Hayashi, J. Ward, dan S. Schenker. 2003.
Vitamin E and Vitamin C Treatment Improves Fibrosis in Patients
With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. AJG Vol. 98 No. 11: 2485-2490
33
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11] Mariotti, C., C. Gellera, M. Rimoldi, R. Mineri, G. Uziel, G. Zorzi, D.
Pareyson, G. Piccolo, D. Gambi, S. Piancentini, F. Squitieri, R. Capra,
B. Castellotti, dan S. Di Donato. 2004. Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E
deficiency; Neurogical Phenotype, Clinical Follow-up and Novel
Mutations in TTPA Gene in Italian Families. Neurol Sci 25: 130-137.
[12] Hiromori, K., N. S. Kitakawa, K. Nakashima, dan T. Yonemoto. 2015. Novel
Simple Process for Tocopherols Selective Recovery from Vegetable
Oils by Adsorption and Desorption with Anion-Exchange Resin. Food
Chemistry 194 : 1-5
[13] Chu, B.S., B. S. Baharin, dan S. Y. Quek. 2002. Factors affecting preconcentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols from palm fatty acid
distillate by lipase-catalysed Hydrolysis. Food Chemistry 79: 55-59.
[14] Przygoda, K., G. Wejnerowska. 2014. Extraction of tocopherol-enriched oils
from Quinoa seedsby supercritical fluid extraction. Industrial Crops
and Products.
[15] Shao, P., S. T. Jiang, Y. J. Ying. 2007. Optimization Of Molecular Distillation
For Recovery Of Tocopherol From Rapeseed Oil Deodorizer
Distillate Using Response Surface And Artificial Neural Network
Models. Trans I Chem E, Part C Vol 85 : 85-92
[16] Chu, B. S., B. S. Baharin, Y. B. Che Man, dan S. Y. Quek. 2004. Separation of
vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate using silica: I Equilibrium of
batch adsorption. Journal of Food Engineering 62: 97-103
[17] Chu, B. S., B. S. Baharin, Y. B. Che Man, dan S. Y. Quek. 2005. Comparison
of Selected Adsorbents for Adsorption and Desorption of Vitamin E
from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate. Journal of Food Lipids 12: 23-33.
[18] Chu, B. S., B. S. Baharin, Y. B. Che Man, dan S. Y. Quek. 2004. Separation of
vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate using silica: II Kinetics of
batch adsorption. Journal of Food Engineering 62: 105-111
[19] Bono, A., C. C. Ming, dan M. Sundang. 2007. Liquid Phase Adsorption of αTocopherol by Activated Carbon. Journal of Applied Sciences 7 15:
2080-2083
34
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20] Yagmur, E., M. Ozmak, dan Z. Aktas. 2008. A novel method for production of
activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with
microwave energy. Fuel 87: 3278-3285.
[21] Duran, C., D. V. Ozdes, A. Gundogdu, M. Imamoglu, dan H. B. Senturk. 2011.
Tea-industry waste activated carbon, as a novel adsorbent, for
separation, preconcentration and speciation of chromium. Analytica
Chimica Acta 688: 75-83.
[22] Awalludin, M. F., O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, W. N. Aidawati, dan W. Nadhari.
2015. An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste
utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via
liquefaction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50 : 14691484
[23] Edem, D. O. 2002. Palm oil: Biochemical, physiological, nutritional,
hematological, and toxicological aspects: A review. Plant Foods for
Human Nutrition 57 : 319-341
[24] Che Man, Y. B., T. Haryati, H. M. Ghazali, dan B. A. Asbi. 1999. Composition
and Thermal Profile of Crude Palm Oil and Its Product. JAOCS Vol.
76 No.2: 237-242.
[25] Tutem, E., R. Apak, E. Gunaydi, dan K. Sozgen. 1997. Spectrophotometric
Determination of Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) Using Copper(II)Neocuproine Reagent. Talanta 44: 249-255.
[26] Zielinska, A., dan I. Nowak. 2014. Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Vitamin E.
CHEMIK 68(7): 585-591.
[27] Rodriguez-Reinoso F., dan J. Silvestre-Albero. 2016. Activated Carbon and
Adsorption. Elsevier
[28] Geankoplis, C. J. 1993. Transport Process and Unit Operations. Edisi Ketiga.
Prentice-Hall International, Inc
[29] Bailey, G. W. dan J. L. White. 1970. Factors influencing the adsorption,
desorption, and movement of pesticides in Oil. Residue Review, Vol
32 : 29-92
35
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[30] Ho, Y. S. dan G. McKay. 1998. A Comparison Of Chemisorption Kinetic
Models Applied To Pollutant Removal On Various Sorbents. Trans
IChemE, Vol 76, Part B : 332-340
[31] Gurten, I. I., M. Ozmak, E. Yagmur, dan Z. Aktas. 2012. Preparation and
characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea using K2CO3.
BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY 37: 73-81
[32] Peng, C., X. Yan, R. Wang, J. Lang, Y. Ou, dan Q. Xue. 2013. Promising
activated carbons derived from waste tea-leaves and their application
in high performance supercapacitors electrodes. Electrochimica Acta
87: 401-408
[33] Karabulut, I., A. Topcu, C. Akmil-Basar, Y. Onal, dan Anna-Maija Lampi.
2008. Obtaining Butter Oil Triacylglycerols Free from β-Carotene
and α-Tocopherol via Activated Carbon Adsorption and AluminaColumn Chromatography Treatments. J Am Oil Chem Soc 85: 213219
[34] Amin, A., S. Sitorus, dan B. Yusuf. 2016. Pemanfaatan Limbah Tongkol
Jagung (Zea mays L.) Sebagai Arang Aktif Dalam Menurunkan Kadar
Amonia, Nitrit Dan Nitrat Pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu
Menggunakan Teknik Celup. Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman Vol. 13: 7884
[35] Pujiarti, R. dan J.P.G. Sutapa. 2005. Mutu Arang Aktif dari Limbah Kayu
Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) sebagai Bahan Penjernih Air. J
Ilmu & Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol. 3: 33-38
[36] Kurniati, E. 2008. Pemanfaatan Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Arang Aktif.
Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik Vol. 8: 96-103
[37] Ramdja, A. F., M. Halim, dan J. Handi. 2008. Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Dari
Pelepah Kelapa (Cocus nucifera). Jurnal Teknik Kimia No.2 Vol. 15:
1-8
[38] Hidayati dan Y. Suyono. 2014. Kinetika Adsorpsi Logam Zn Menggunakan
Biomassa Pseudomonas. BIOPROPAL INDUSTRI No. 1 Vol. 5: 3743
36
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[39] Chung, H. K., W. H. Kim, J. Park, J. Cho, T. Y. Jeong, dan P. K. Park. 2015.
Application of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms to Predict
Adsorbate Removal Efficiency or Required Amount of Adsorbent.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering 28: 241-246
[40] Nuhoglu, Y. dan E. Malkoc. 2009. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies for
Enviromentaly Friendly Ni(II) Biosorption using Waste Pomace of
Olive Oil Factory. Bioresource Techonology 100: 2375-2380
[41] Yadav, S., V. Srivastava, S. Banerjee, C. H. Weng, dan Y. C. Sharma. 2012.
Adsorption Characteristics Of Modified Sand For The Removal Of
Hexavalent Chromium Ions From Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic,
Thermodynamic And Equilibrium Studies. Catena 100: 120-127.
[42] Cherifi, H., B. Fatiha, dan H. Salah. 2013. Kinetic Studies on The Adsorption of
Methylene Blue onto Vegetal Fiber Activated Carbons. Applied
Surface Science 282: 52-59.
[43] Drastinawati dan Zultiniar. 2013. Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan dan
Temperatur terhdap Konstanta Kecepatan Adsorpsi Cu2+ dengan
Arang Aktif Cangkang Sawit Sisa Pembuatan Asap Cair. Jurnal
Teknobiologi IV vol. 1: 47-53
37
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1]
Sampaio, Klicia A., J. V. Ayala, S. M. Silva, R. Ceriani, R. Verhe, dan A. J. A.
Meirelles. 2013. Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Carotenoids in
Palm Oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90: 191-198.
[2]
UNEP. 2011. Oil palm plantations : threats and opportunities for tropical
ecosystems. UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS).
[3]
Gibon. V, J. V. Ayala, P. Dijckmans, J. Maes, dan W. De Greyt. 2009. Future
Prospects for Palm Oil Refining and Modifications. OCL Vol. 16 No
4: 193-200.
[4]
Goh, S.H., Y. M. Choo, dan S. H. Ong. 1985. Minor Constituents of Palm Oil.
JAOCS Vol. 62 no.2: 237-240
[5]
Shih, C. J., C. T. Lin, dan S. M. Wu. 2010. Adsortion of Vitamin E on
Mesoporous Titania Nanocrystals. Material Research Bulletin 45:
863-869
[6]
Kotova, D. L., S. Y. Vasilyeva, T. A. Krysanova, and A.V. Zenishcheva. 2013.
Isotherm
of
α-Tocopherol
Adsorption
on
Acid-Activated
Clipnoptilolite Tuff. Colloid Journal Vol. 75 No.1: 84-87.
[7]
Reboul, E., M. Richelle, E. Perrot, C. D. Malezet, V. Pirisi, dan P. Borel. 2006.
Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Vitamin E from Their Main
Dietary Sources. J Agric Food Chem 54: 8749-8755.
[8]
Sabliov, C. M., C. Fronczek, C. E. Astete, M. Khachaturyan, L. Khachatryan,
dan C. Leonardi. 2009. Effects of Temperature and UV Light on
Degradation of α-Tocopherol in Free and Dissolved Form. J Am Oil
Chem Soc 86: 895-902.
[9]
Berman, K. dan H. Brodaty. 2004. Tocopherol (Vitamin E) in Alzheimer’s
Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS Drugs 18(12):
807-825.
[10] Harrison, S. A., S. Torgerson, P. Hayashi, J. Ward, dan S. Schenker. 2003.
Vitamin E and Vitamin C Treatment Improves Fibrosis in Patients
With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. AJG Vol. 98 No. 11: 2485-2490
33
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11] Mariotti, C., C. Gellera, M. Rimoldi, R. Mineri, G. Uziel, G. Zorzi, D.
Pareyson, G. Piccolo, D. Gambi, S. Piancentini, F. Squitieri, R. Capra,
B. Castellotti, dan S. Di Donato. 2004. Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E
deficiency; Neurogical Phenotype, Clinical Follow-up and Novel
Mutations in TTPA Gene in Italian Families. Neurol Sci 25: 130-137.
[12] Hiromori, K., N. S. Kitakawa, K. Nakashima, dan T. Yonemoto. 2015. Novel
Simple Process for Tocopherols Selective Recovery from Vegetable
Oils by Adsorption and Desorption with Anion-Exchange Resin. Food
Chemistry 194 : 1-5
[13] Chu, B.S., B. S. Baharin, dan S. Y. Quek. 2002. Factors affecting preconcentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols from palm fatty acid
distillate by lipase-catalysed Hydrolysis. Food Chemistry 79: 55-59.
[14] Przygoda, K., G. Wejnerowska. 2014. Extraction of tocopherol-enriched oils
from Quinoa seedsby supercritical fluid extraction. Industrial Crops
and Products.
[15] Shao, P., S. T. Jiang, Y. J. Ying. 2007. Optimization Of Molecular Distillation
For Recovery Of Tocopherol From Rapeseed Oil Deodorizer
Distillate Using Response Surface And Artificial Neural Network
Models. Trans I Chem E, Part C Vol 85 : 85-92
[16] Chu, B. S., B. S. Baharin, Y. B. Che Man, dan S. Y. Quek. 2004. Separation of
vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate using silica: I Equilibrium of
batch adsorption. Journal of Food Engineering 62: 97-103
[17] Chu, B. S., B. S. Baharin, Y. B. Che Man, dan S. Y. Quek. 2005. Comparison
of Selected Adsorbents for Adsorption and Desorption of Vitamin E
from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate. Journal of Food Lipids 12: 23-33.
[18] Chu, B. S., B. S. Baharin, Y. B. Che Man, dan S. Y. Quek. 2004. Separation of
vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate using silica: II Kinetics of
batch adsorption. Journal of Food Engineering 62: 105-111
[19] Bono, A., C. C. Ming, dan M. Sundang. 2007. Liquid Phase Adsorption of αTocopherol by Activated Carbon. Journal of Applied Sciences 7 15:
2080-2083
34
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20] Yagmur, E., M. Ozmak, dan Z. Aktas. 2008. A novel method for production of
activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with
microwave energy. Fuel 87: 3278-3285.
[21] Duran, C., D. V. Ozdes, A. Gundogdu, M. Imamoglu, dan H. B. Senturk. 2011.
Tea-industry waste activated carbon, as a novel adsorbent, for
separation, preconcentration and speciation of chromium. Analytica
Chimica Acta 688: 75-83.
[22] Awalludin, M. F., O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, W. N. Aidawati, dan W. Nadhari.
2015. An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste
utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via
liquefaction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50 : 14691484
[23] Edem, D. O. 2002. Palm oil: Biochemical, physiological, nutritional,
hematological, and toxicological aspects: A review. Plant Foods for
Human Nutrition 57 : 319-341
[24] Che Man, Y. B., T. Haryati, H. M. Ghazali, dan B. A. Asbi. 1999. Composition
and Thermal Profile of Crude Palm Oil and Its Product. JAOCS Vol.
76 No.2: 237-242.
[25] Tutem, E., R. Apak, E. Gunaydi, dan K. Sozgen. 1997. Spectrophotometric
Determination of Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) Using Copper(II)Neocuproine Reagent. Talanta 44: 249-255.
[26] Zielinska, A., dan I. Nowak. 2014. Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Vitamin E.
CHEMIK 68(7): 585-591.
[27] Rodriguez-Reinoso F., dan J. Silvestre-Albero. 2016. Activated Carbon and
Adsorption. Elsevier
[28] Geankoplis, C. J. 1993. Transport Process and Unit Operations. Edisi Ketiga.
Prentice-Hall International, Inc
[29] Bailey, G. W. dan J. L. White. 1970. Factors influencing the adsorption,
desorption, and movement of pesticides in Oil. Residue Review, Vol
32 : 29-92
35
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[30] Ho, Y. S. dan G. McKay. 1998. A Comparison Of Chemisorption Kinetic
Models Applied To Pollutant Removal On Various Sorbents. Trans
IChemE, Vol 76, Part B : 332-340
[31] Gurten, I. I., M. Ozmak, E. Yagmur, dan Z. Aktas. 2012. Preparation and
characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea using K2CO3.
BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY 37: 73-81
[32] Peng, C., X. Yan, R. Wang, J. Lang, Y. Ou, dan Q. Xue. 2013. Promising
activated carbons derived from waste tea-leaves and their application
in high performance supercapacitors electrodes. Electrochimica Acta
87: 401-408
[33] Karabulut, I., A. Topcu, C. Akmil-Basar, Y. Onal, dan Anna-Maija Lampi.
2008. Obtaining Butter Oil Triacylglycerols Free from β-Carotene
and α-Tocopherol via Activated Carbon Adsorption and AluminaColumn Chromatography Treatments. J Am Oil Chem Soc 85: 213219
[34] Amin, A., S. Sitorus, dan B. Yusuf. 2016. Pemanfaatan Limbah Tongkol
Jagung (Zea mays L.) Sebagai Arang Aktif Dalam Menurunkan Kadar
Amonia, Nitrit Dan Nitrat Pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu
Menggunakan Teknik Celup. Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman Vol. 13: 7884
[35] Pujiarti, R. dan J.P.G. Sutapa. 2005. Mutu Arang Aktif dari Limbah Kayu
Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) sebagai Bahan Penjernih Air. J
Ilmu & Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol. 3: 33-38
[36] Kurniati, E. 2008. Pemanfaatan Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Arang Aktif.
Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik Vol. 8: 96-103
[37] Ramdja, A. F., M. Halim, dan J. Handi. 2008. Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Dari
Pelepah Kelapa (Cocus nucifera). Jurnal Teknik Kimia No.2 Vol. 15:
1-8
[38] Hidayati dan Y. Suyono. 2014. Kinetika Adsorpsi Logam Zn Menggunakan
Biomassa Pseudomonas. BIOPROPAL INDUSTRI No. 1 Vol. 5: 3743
36
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[39] Chung, H. K., W. H. Kim, J. Park, J. Cho, T. Y. Jeong, dan P. K. Park. 2015.
Application of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms to Predict
Adsorbate Removal Efficiency or Required Amount of Adsorbent.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering 28: 241-246
[40] Nuhoglu, Y. dan E. Malkoc. 2009. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies for
Enviromentaly Friendly Ni(II) Biosorption using Waste Pomace of
Olive Oil Factory. Bioresource Techonology 100: 2375-2380
[41] Yadav, S., V. Srivastava, S. Banerjee, C. H. Weng, dan Y. C. Sharma. 2012.
Adsorption Characteristics Of Modified Sand For The Removal Of
Hexavalent Chromium Ions From Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic,
Thermodynamic And Equilibrium Studies. Catena 100: 120-127.
[42] Cherifi, H., B. Fatiha, dan H. Salah. 2013. Kinetic Studies on The Adsorption of
Methylene Blue onto Vegetal Fiber Activated Carbons. Applied
Surface Science 282: 52-59.
[43] Drastinawati dan Zultiniar. 2013. Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan dan
Temperatur terhdap Konstanta Kecepatan Adsorpsi Cu2+ dengan
Arang Aktif Cangkang Sawit Sisa Pembuatan Asap Cair. Jurnal
Teknobiologi IV vol. 1: 47-53
37
Universitas Sumatera Utara