tasawwuf for beginner
7DVDZXI
IRU
%HJLQQHU
Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Oleh Imam Suhadi
3HQGDKXOXDQ
6HJDOD SXML KDQ\D EDJL $OODK \DQJ WDNMXEODK VHJDOD KDWL GDQ VHJDOD JRUHVDQ KDWL WLDGD
VDQJJXS PHQJHWDKXL GHQJDQ PHQGDODP DNDQ NHDJXQJDQ1\D 'DQ PHUDVD GDKV\DWODK
VHJDOD PDWD GDQ SDQGDQJDQ WHUKDGDS GDVDUGDVDU NHFHPHUODQJDQ 1XU1\D ,D +57XUPXG]L@
'DUL 8PPX 6DODPDK 5$ 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´$SDELOD GLNHKHQGDNL ROHK $OODK
NHEDMLNDQ SDGD VHRUDQJ KDPED QLVFD\D GLMDGLNDQ1\D RUDQJ LWX PHPSHUROHK SHODMDUDQ GDUL
KDWLQ\Dµ>+5$EX0DQVKXU$G'DLODP\@
'DUL $EL 6DLG $O .KXGU\ 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´+DWL RUDQJ PXNPLQ LWX EHUVLK
SDGDQ\DSHOLWD\DQJEHUFDKD\DJHPLODQJµ>+5$KPDGGDQ7KDEUDQL@
%HUNDWD:DKDEELQ0XQDEELKEDKDZDVDQ\D5DVXOXOODK6$:WHODKEHUVDEGD $OODK7D·DOD
WHODK EHUILUPDQ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D VHPXD SHWDOD ODQJLW GDQ EXPL DNDQ PHQMDGL VHPSLW XQWXN
PHUDQJNXO =DW.X DNDQ WHWDSL $NX PXGDK XQWXN GLUDQJNXO ROHK KDWL VHRUDQJ 0X
PLQ
>+5$KPDG@
'DUL$EX+XUDLUDK5DVXOXOODK6$:EHUVDEGD ´-LNDODXVHWDQVHWDQWLGDNPHQJHOLOLQJLKDWL
DQDNDQDN $GDP QLVFD\D PHUHND GDSDW PHPDQGDQJ DODP PDODNXW \DQJ WLQJJLµ >+5
$KPDG@
+LMDE+DWL
)XQJVL KDWL \DQJ GHPLNLDQ DMDLE EDJL NHEDQ\DNDQ RUDQJ PHQMDGL VLUQD +DO LQL
GLNDUHQDNDQKDWLQ\DWHUKLMDEGHQJDQ$OODK7D·DOD
+DWLPDQXVLDGDSDWWHUKLMDEGDUL$OODK7D·DODGLVHEDENDQNDUHQDKDOKDOVHEDJLEHULNXW
3HUWDPD VHODOX PHPSHUWXKDQNDQ DWDX PHUHODNDQ GLULQ\D XQWXN PHQMDGL KDPED GDUL
KDZDQDIVXVHKLQJJDLDPHQMDGLRUDQJ\DQJPHODPSDXLEDWDV
0HUHNDLWXODK\DQJGLNXQFLPDWLKDWLPHUHNDROHK$OODKGDQPHQJLNXWLKDZDQDIVXPHUHND
>460XKDPPDG @
7HUDQJNDQODK NHSDGDNX WHQWDQJ RUDQJ \DQJ PHQMDGLNDQ KDZD QDIVXQ\D VHEDJDL ,ODKQ\D
0DND DSDNDK NDPX GDSDW PHQMDGL SHPHOLKDUD DWDVQ\D" DWDX DSDNDK NDPX PHQJLUD EDKZD
NHEDQ\DNDQPHUHNDLWXPHQGHQJDUDWDXPHPDKDPL0HUHNDLWXWLGDNODLQKDQ\DODKVHSHUWL
ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN EDKNDQ PHUHND OHELK VHVDW MDODQQ\D GDUL ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN LWX >46 $O
)XUTDDQ @
Rev-1 / Halaman 12
0DNDSHUQDKNDKNDPXPHOLKDWRUDQJ\DQJPHQMDGLNDQKDZDQDIVXQ\DVHEDJDL LODKQ\D GDQ
$OODK PHPELDUNDQQ\D VHVDW EHUGDVDUNDQ LOPX1\D GDQ $OODK WHODK PHQJXQFL PDWL
SHQGHQJDUDQGDQKDWLQ\DGDQPHOHWDNNDQWXWXSDQDWDVSHQJOLKDWDQQ\D0DNDVLDSDNDK\DQJ
DNDQPHPEHULQ\DSHWXQMXNVHVXGDK$OODK PHPELDUNDQQ\DVHVDW 0DNDPHQJDSDNDPXWLGDN
PHQJDPELOSHODMDUDQ>46$O-DWVL\DDW @
GDQ MDQJDQODK NHGXD PDWDPX EHUSDOLQJ GDUL PHUHND NDUHQD PHQJKDUDSNDQ SHUKLDVDQ
NHKLGXSDQGXQLDLQLGDQMDQJDQODKNDPXPHQJLNXWLRUDQJ\DQJKDWLQ\DWHODK.DPLODODLNDQ
GDUL PHQJLQJDW .DPL VHUWD PHQXUXWL KDZD QDIVXQ\D GDQ DGDODK NHDGDDQQ\D LWX
PHODPSDXLEDWDV>46$O.DKIL @
'DQ WLGDN DGD \DQJ PHQGXVWDNDQ KDUL SHPEDODVDQ LWX PHODLQNDQ VHWLDS RUDQJ \DQJ
PHODPSXLEDWDVODJLEHUGRVD\DQJDSDELODGLEDFDNDQNHSDGDQ\DD\DWD\DW.DPLLDEHUNDWD
,WX DGDODK GRQJHQJDQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ GDKXOX 6HNDOLNDOL WLGDN GHPLNLDQ VHEHQDUQ\D
DSD \DQJ VHODOX PHUHND XVDKDNDQ LWX PHQXWXS KDWL PHUHND >46 $O 0XWKDIILILLQ
@
'HPLNLDQODK.DPLPHQJXQFLPDWLKDWLRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHODPSDXLEDWDV>4646$O$·5DDI @
'DQ V\DLWKDQ SXQ PHPEDZD ODUL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WLGDN EHULPDQ VHPDNLQ MDXK GDQ
WHUVHVDWGDULVKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP
VD\D ,EOLV V\DLWKDQ EHQDUEHQDU DNDQ PHQJKDODQJLKDODQJL PHUHND GDUL VKLUDDWKDO
PXVWDTLLP>46$O$·5DDI @
6HGDQJNDQ SHPLPSLQ SHPEHUL SHWXQMXN RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WHODK GLDQXJHUDKL FDKD\D
LPDQDGDODK$OODKVHQGLUL'LSLPSLQXQWXNPHQXMXVKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP
VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK DGDODK 3HPEHUL 3HWXQMXN EDJL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ NHSDGD
VKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP>46$O+DMM @
-LNDKDWLVHVHRUDQJWHODKWHUWXWXSGLQGLQJPDNDGLGXQLDQ\DPHQMDGLJHODS JXOLWD WLGDN
ELVDPHOLKDWVKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP
Rev-1 / Halaman 14
-LND NRQGLVL NHEXWDDQ LQL WHUEDZD NH DODP NXEXU NHWLND DMDOQ\D PDND NHEHUDGDDQ\D GL
DODPNXEXU\DQJDVLQJGDODPNRQGLVLEXWDPHUXSDNDQNHJHODSDQGLDWDVNHJHODSDQ-DXK
OHELKWHUVHVDWMDODQQ\D/HELKOHELKMLNDNRQGLVLEXWDQ\DWHUEDZDNHDODPDNKLUDW
6HPRJD$OODKPHQMDXKNDQNLWDGDULNRQGLVL\DQJVHSHUWLLQL
'DQEDUDQJVLDSD\DQJEXWD KDWLQ\D GLGXQLDLQLQLVFD\DGLDNKLUDW QDQWL LDDNDQOHELK
EXWD SXOD GDQOHELKWHUVHVDWMDODQQ\D>46$O,VUDD· @
46$O,VUDD· @
'DQ EDUDQJVLDSD \DQJ EHUSDOLQJ GDUL SHULQJDWDQ.X PDND VHVXQJJXKQ\D EDJLQ\D
SHQJKLGXSDQ \DQJ VHPSLW GDQ .DPL DNDQ PHQJKLPSXQNDQQ\D SDGD KDUL NLDPDW GDODP
NHDGDDQ EXWD %HUNDWDODK LD 467KDKDD @
6HEDJLDQ EHVDU MLQ GDQ PDQXVLD DNDQ PHPDVXNL MDKDQDP GL GDODPQ\D DGD \DQJ KDQ\D
VLQJJDKXQWXNPHODNXNDQSHQHEXVDQDWDVGRVDGRVDQ\DDGDSXOD\DQJPHQMDGLSHQJKXQL
SHQJKXQLWHWDSQ\D
Rev-1 / Halaman 15
2UDQJ\DQJKDWLQ\DWHODKPHQJHUDVWLGDNXEDKQ\DEDJDLELQDWDQJWHUQDNZDODXSXQPDWD
MDVDPDQL\DKQ\D PHOLKDW GDQ WHOLQJDQ\D PHQGHQJDU WHWDSL WHUQDNWHUQDN WHUVHEXW WLGDN
DNDQPHQJHUWLDSDDSDVHDQGDLQ\DPHUHNDGLEHULSHQJDMDUDQSHQJDMDUDQ+LGXSQ\DKDQ\D
WHUFXUDKXQWXNPHPXDVNDQV\DKZDWQ\DVHPDWD
.HEDQ\DNDQPDQXVLDEDJDLNDQELQDWDQJWHUQDNZDODXSXQGLEHULDNDOOHELKGLEDQGLQJNDQ
GHQJDQ ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN WHWDSL DNDOQ\D WHODK WXPSXO XQWXN PHQXMX NHSDGD NHEDLNDQ
NDUHQD GRVDGRVD 3RWHQVL DNDO GDQ MDVPDQL \DQJ GLDQXJHUDKNDQ $OODK NHSDGD VHRUDQJ
PDQXVLD \DQJ KLGXSQ\D EDJDLNDQ ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN PDODK VHPDNLQ PHQXUXQNDQ GHUDMDW
RUDQJWHUVHEXWGLVLVL$OODK7D·DODPHQMDGLOHELKUHQGDKGDULSDGDELQDWDQJWHUQDN
'DQ VHVXQJJXKQ\D .DPL MDGLNDQ XQWXN LVL QHUHND -DKDQQDP NHEDQ\DNDQ GDUL MLQ GDQ
PDQXVLDPHUHNDPHPSXQ\DLKDWLWHWDSLWLGDNGLSHUJXQDNDQXQWXNPHPDKDPLGDQPHUHND
PHPSXQ\DL PDWD WHWDSL WLGDN GLSHUJXQDNDQQ\D XQWXN PHOLKDW GDQ PHUHND PHPSXQ\DL
WHOLQJD WHWDSL WLGDN GLSHUJXQDNDQQ\D XQWXN PHQGHQJDU 0HUHND LWX VHEDJDL ELQDWDQJ
WHUQDNEDKNDQPHUHNDOHELKVHVDWODJL0HUDNDLWXODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJODODL>46$O$·UDDI
@
,WXODKVHEXUXNEXUXNELQDWDQJGDODPSDQGDQJDQ$OODK
6HVXQJJXKQ\DELQDWDQJ\DQJVHEXUXNEXUXNQ\DSDGDVLVL$OODKLDODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJSHNDN
GDQWXOL\DQJWLGDNPHQJHUWLDSDDSDSXQ>46$O$QIDO @
-HODVODK $OODK WLGDN DNDQ VXGL EHUWHPX GHQJDQ VHVHRUDQJ \DQJ PHQHPSHO SDGD GLULQ\D
GRVD\DQJGLNDUHQDNDQVHVXDWX\DQJWLGDNGLVNXDL1\D
3DGDKDO VHWLDS NHWHUWXWXSDQ GDUL $OODK 7D·DOD DGDODK NHELQDVDDQ 6HDQGDLQ\D NLWD GDWDQJ
PHQJKDGDS$OODK7D·DODGHQJDQPHPEDZDKDQ\DVHEXWLUGRVDVHNDOLSXQNLWDWLGDNDNDQ
VHODPDWGDULSHPEHUVLKDQMDKDQDP
6HVXQJJXKQ\D EDUDQJVLDSD GDWDQJ NHSDGD 5DEEQ\D GDODP NHDGDDQ EHUGRVD PDND
VHVXQJJXKQ\DEDJLQ\DQHUDND-DKDQQDP,DWLGDNPDWLGLGDODPQ\DGDQWLGDN SXOD KLGXS
'DQ EDUDQJVLDSD GDWDQJ NHSDGD 5DEEQ\D GDODP NHDGDDQ EHULPDQ ODJL VXQJJXKVXQJJXK
EHUDPDOVKDOLKPDNDPHUHNDLWXODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHPSHUROHKWHPSDWWHPSDW\DQJWLQJJL
PXOLD >467KDKDD @
'RVDLWXVHQGLULEHUWLQJNDWWLQJNDW0XODLGDULGRVDWLQJNDWUDVDNDUVD NHLQJLQDQ FLSWD
SLNLUDQ GDQNDU\D DPDO 6HEDJDLFRQWRKRUDQJ\DQJXMXE EDQJJDGLUL PHUDVDOHELK
GDUL\DQJODLQ GDODPKDODSDSXQ PDNDKDWLQ\DPHQMDGLEHUGRVDSDGDWLQJNDWUDVD
Rev-1 / Halaman 16
%DQJJD GLUL LQL PHPEDZD VHVHRUDQJ NHSDGD NHVRPERQJDQ KDWL \DQJ WLDGD VHRUDQJ SXQ
PHQJHWDKXLNHFXDOL$OODK7D·DODGDQPHUHND\DQJGLEHULL]LQROHK1\DXQWXNPHQJHWDKXL
5DVD VRPERQJ GDQ EDQJJD GLUL DGDODK VHVXDWX \DQJ WLGDN GLVXNDL $OODK 0DND KDO LWX
DGDODKGRVD'DQVHWLDSGRVDDNDQGLOHEXUGL-DKDQDPZDODXSXQKDQ\DVHEHVDUG]DUUDK
'DQ $OODK WLGDN PHQ\XNDL VHWLDS RUDQJ \DQJ VRPERQJ ODJL PHPEDQJJDNDQ GLUL >46 $O
+DGLLG @
'DUL $EGXOODK ELQ 0DV·XG 5$ 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´7LGDN DNDQ PDVXN VXUJD
RUDQJ \DQJ GL GDODP KDWLQ\D WHUGDSDW UDVD VRPERQJ ZDODXSXQ KDQ\D VHEHVDU G]DUUDKµ
´6RPERQJ LWX PHQRODN NHEHQDUDQ GDQ PHUHQGDKNDQ VHVDPD PDQXVLDµ >+DGLWV 5LZD\DW
0XVOLP@
'HPLNLDQSXODGRVDDNLEDWNDUVD NHLQJLQDQDWDXNHPDXDQ .HPDXDQKDUXVGLVHVXDLNDQ
GHQJDQNHPDPSXDQ.HPDXDQKDUXVVHVXDLGHQJDQNHSDQWDVDQDWDXNHOD\DNDQGDQVLWXDVL
VHUWDNRQGLVLOLQJNXQJDQ0HQJXWDPDNDQ\DQJSHUOXGDQSHQWLQJGDODPVHWLDSDNWLYLWDV
'RVD DNLEDW FLSWD SLNLUDQ GDSDW WHUMDGL NDUHQD WLGDN PHQJJXQDNDQ DNDO SLNLUDQ VHVXDL
GHQJDQSRUVLQ\DGDQWLGDNVLDVLD
'DODPNDU\D DPDO GDSDWWHUMDGLGRVDNDUHQDWLGDNSDQGDLPHQ\HVXDLNDQPHQHPSDWNDQ
GDQ PHQJDWXU WLQJNDK ODNX GDQ ELFDUDQ\D 'DODP VHWLDS NDU\D KDUXV GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
SHULODNXGDQELFDUDEDLN
'DQ VHGHUKDQDODK NDPX GDODP EHUMDODQ GDQ OXQDNNDQODK VXDUDPX >46 /XTPDQ
@
'DUL -DELU ELQ $EGXOODK 5$ %DKZDVDQQ\D 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´6HVXQJJXKQ\D
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ DNX FLQWDL GDQ RUDQJ \DQJ SDOLQJ GHNDW GXGXNQ\D GHQJDQ DNX SDGD KDUL
NLDPDWQDQWLDGDODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJVDQJDWEDLNEXGLSHNHUWLQ\D'DQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJ
VDQJDWDNXEHQFLGDQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJMDXKWHPSDWGXGXNQ\DGHQJDQDNXSDGDKDULNLDPDW
QDQWLDGDODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJVXNDEHUELFDUDRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUODJDNIDVLKGDQRUDQJ
RUDQJ\DQJEHUPXOXWEHVDU>+57XUPXG]L@
'RVDGRVD LWXODK \DQJ PHQJKDODQJL VHRUDQJ KDPED XQWXN GDSDW GLWHULPD $OODK 7D·DOD
3DGDKDONHVHODPDWDQLWXKDQ\DODKGLVLVL$OODKGDQEHUVDPD$OODK6HDQGDLQ\DDGDVHVXDWX
\DQJ PHQJKDODQJL GLUL NLWD GHQJDQ $OODK 7D·DOD GDQ GHQJDQ 5DKPDW1\D PDND WLDGD
WHPSDWODLQNHFXDOLNHFHODNDDQ\DQJEHVDU
EDUDQJ VLDSD EHUEXDW GRVD GDQ LD WHODK GLOLSXWL ROHK GRVDQ\D PHUHND LWXODK SHQJKXL QHUDND
PHUHNDNHNDOGLGDODPQ\D>46$O%DTDUDK @
Rev-1 / Halaman 17
6HVXQJJXKQ\DWLDGDODKEHUXQWXQJRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUEXDWGRVD>4646$O$Q·DDP @
6HEXDKUXDQJDQ\DQJWLDGDFDKD\DDNDQPHQMDGLVDQJDWJHODS:DODXSXQGDODPUXDQJDQ
WHUVHEXWWHUGDSDWPHMDEDQJNXWHPSDWWLGXUGDQVHEDJDLQ\DQDPXQNDUHQDJHODSJXOLWD
EHQGDEHQGDWHUVHEXWWLGDNWHUOLKDW
6HNLUDQ\D GDODP UXDQJDQ WHUVHEXW DGD VHEHUNDV FDKD\D PDND DNDQ WHUOLKDWODK DSDDSD
\DQJ DGD GL GDODPQ\D 6HPDNLQ WHUDQJ FDKD\D GDODP UXDQJDQ WHUVHEXW PHQMDGLNDQ
VHPDNLQMHODVDSDDSD\DQJDGDGLGDODPQ\D
'HPLNLDQ SXOD GHQJDQ KDWL +DWL \DQJ WLGDN GLWHUDQJL FDKD\D WHUWXWXS ROHK QRGDQRGD
\DQJ PHQJHUDV DNDQ JHODS JXOLWD 7LGDN DNDQ WHUOLKDW DSD \DQJ DGD GL GDODPQ\D
.DODXSXQ DGD SHWXQMXN $OODK GDWDQJ NDUHQD GHPLNLDQ JHODS PDND WLGDN DNDQ
GLNHWDKXLQ\D
,PDQ DGDODK FDKD\D $OODK +DGLWV4XGVL5LZD\DW$KPDG@
6HKLQJJD VHRUDQJ \DQJ PHQGDSDWNDQ FDKD\D $OODK LQL WLGDN ODJL EHULPDQ VHFDUD DZDPL
GDQPXWDNDOOLPLQWHWDSLVHFDUDDULILQ
0HUHND LWXODK RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ $OODK WHODK PHQDQDPNDQ NHLPDQDQ GDODP KDWL PHUHND
GHQJDQSHUWRORQJDQ\DQJGDWDQJGDULSDGD1\D>46$O0XMDDGDODK @
« $OODK PHQMDGLNDQ NDPX FLQWD NHSDGD NHLPDQDQ GDQ PHQMDGLNDQ LPDQ LWX LQGDK GDODP
KDWLPX«>46$O+XMXUDW @
$O4XU·DQGLZDK\XNDQ$OODK7D·DODNHGDODPKDWLEXNDQNHRWDN DNDOMDVDPDQL\DK 1DEL
0XKDPPDG6$:
'DQVHVXQJJXKQ\DDO4XU
DQLQLEHQDUEHQDUGLWXUXQNDQROHK5DEEVHPHVWDDODPGLDGLEDZD
WXUXQ ROHK $U5XK $O$PLQ -LEULO NH GDODP KDWLPX 0XDKDPPDG DJDU NDPX PHQMDGL
VDODK VHRUDQJ GL DQWDUD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHPEHUL SHULQJDWDQ >46 $V\6\X·DUDD·
@
2OHK NDUHQD LWX WLGDN DNDQ PXQJNLQ VHVHRUDQJ GDSDW PHPDKDPL NDQGXQJDQ $O 4XU·DQ
VHFDUD KDNLNL GHQJDQ KDWL \DQJ JHODS JXOLWD GDQ OXEE DNDO KDWL \DQJ PDWL .DUHQD LWX
,PDP$O*KD]DO\EHUNDWD
%DUDQJVLDSD EXWD KDWLQ\D PDND WLGDN DNDQ WHUVHQWXK DJDPD LQL NHFXDOL NXOLW GDQ WDQGD
WDQGDQ\DVDMDVHGDQJNDQLQWLVDULKDNLNDWKDNLNDWDJDPDWLGDNWHUVHQWXKVDPDVHNDOL
.DUHQDQ\DVHVXQJJXKQ\DSHQMHODVDQSHQMHODVDQ$O4XU·DQEXNDQODKNRQVXPVLRWDN DNDO
MDVPDQL\DK XQWXN GDSDW PHQ\HQWXKQ\D 7HWDSL VHRUDQJ GDSDW PHQ\HQWXK SHQMHODVDQ
SHQMHODVDQ$O4XU·DQGHQJDQKDWL+DWL\DQJGLWHUDQJLFDKD\DLPDQ
'HQJDQ DGDQ\D &DKD\D ,PDQ GDODP KDWL PDND PHQMDGL Q\DWD D\DWD\DW $O 4XU·DQ
WHUVHEXW%DLN\DQJPXKNDPDWPDXSXQPXWDV\DELKDW
6HEHQDUQ\D DO4XU
DQ LWX DGDODK D\DWD\DW \DQJ Q\DWD GL GDODP GDGD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ
GLEHULLOPX>46$O$QNDDEXXW @
'LDODK\DQJPHQXUXQNDQ$O.LWDE DO4XU
DQ NHSDGDNDPX'LDQWDUD LVL Q\DDGDD\DW
D\DW \DQJ PXKNDPDW LWXODK SRNRNSRNRN LVL DO4XU
DQ GDQ \DQJ ODLQ D\DWD\DW
PXWDV\DDELKDDW « SDGDKDO WLGDN DGD \DQJ PHQJHWDKXL WD
ZLOQ\D PHODLQNDQ $OODK 'DQ
Rev-1 / Halaman 21
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHQGDODP LOPXQ\D EHUNDWD .DPL EHULPDQ NHSDGD D\DWD\DW \DQJ
PXWDV\DELKDW VHPXDQ\D LWX GDUL VLVL 5DEE NDPL 'DQ WLGDN GDSDW PHQJDPELO SHODMDUDQ
GDULSDGDQ\D PHODLQNDQXOLODOEDE>46$OL,PUDQ @
6HEHOXPQ\D NDPX WLGDNODK PHQJHWDKXL DSDNDK $O.LWDE DO4XU
DQ GDQ WLGDN SXOD
PHQJHWDKXL DSDNDK LPDQ LWX WHWDSL .DPL PHQMDGLNDQSDGDQ\D FDKD\D \DQJ .DPL WXQMXNL
GHQJDQGLDVLDSD\DQJ.DPLNHKHQGDNLGLDQWDUDKDPEDKDPED.DPL>46$V\6\XUD
@
'DQ GHQJDQ DGDQ\D FDKD\D LPDQ SXOD PDND DNDQ WHUVHQWXKODK PDNQD WHUGDODP GDUL $O
4XU·DQ%DLN\DQJODKLUPDXSXQ\DQJEDWKLQ
VHVXQJJXKQ\D $O4XUDQLQLDGDODK EDFDDQ \DQJ VDQJDW PXOLD SDGD NLWDE \DQJ WHUSHOLKDUD
WLGDNPHQ\HQWXKQ\DNHFXDOLRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJGLVXFLNDQ>46$O:DDTLDK @
.DPL DNDQ PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ NHSDGD PHUHND WDQGDWDQGD NHNXDVDDQ .DPL GL VHJHQDS XIXN
GDQSDGDGLULPHUHNDVHQGLULVHKLQJJDMHODVODKEDJLPHUHNDEDKZDDO4XU
DQLWXEHQDU>46
)XVKLODDW @
$O4XU·DQDGDODKSHWXQMXN\DQJEHUVLIDWXPXPVHEDJDLXQGDQJXQGDQJGDVDUQ\DRUDQJ
RUDQJ\DQJEHUDJDPD,VODP
'LVDPSLQJ SHWXQMXN \DQJ EHUODNX XPXP DGD SHWXQMXN \DQJ EHUVLIDW NKXVXV DWDX
LQGLYLGXDO RUDQJSHUVHRUDQJDQ 3HWXQMXNNKXVXVLQLGDSDWKDGLUNHGDODPKDWLPDQXVLD
MXJDGHQJDQSHUV\DUDWDQDGDQ\DFDKD\DLPDQ
6HVXQJJXKQ\DRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHULPDQGDQPHQJHUMDNDQDPDODPDOVKDOLKPHUHNDGLEHUL
SHWXQMXNROHK5DEEPHUHNDNDUHQDNHLPDQDQQ\D«>4646$G]']DDUL\DDW @
GDQ EDKZDVDQ\D 'LDODK \DQJ PHQFLSWDNDQ EHUSDVDQJSDVDQJDQ ODNLODNL GDQ SHUHPSXDQ
>46$Q1DMP @
GDQ.DPLMDGLNDQNDPXEHUSDVDQJSDVDQJDQ>46$Q1DED· @
0DKD6XFL5DEE\DQJWHODKPHQFLSWDNDQSDVDQJDQSDVDQJDQVHPXDQ\DEDLNGDULDSD\DQJ
GLWXPEXKNDQ ROHK EXPL GDQ GDUL GLUL PHUHND PDXSXQ GDUL DSD \DQJ WLGDN PHUHND NHWDKXL
>46
IRU
%HJLQQHU
Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Oleh Imam Suhadi
3HQGDKXOXDQ
6HJDOD SXML KDQ\D EDJL $OODK \DQJ WDNMXEODK VHJDOD KDWL GDQ VHJDOD JRUHVDQ KDWL WLDGD
VDQJJXS PHQJHWDKXL GHQJDQ PHQGDODP DNDQ NHDJXQJDQ1\D 'DQ PHUDVD GDKV\DWODK
VHJDOD PDWD GDQ SDQGDQJDQ WHUKDGDS GDVDUGDVDU NHFHPHUODQJDQ 1XU1\D ,D +57XUPXG]L@
'DUL 8PPX 6DODPDK 5$ 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´$SDELOD GLNHKHQGDNL ROHK $OODK
NHEDMLNDQ SDGD VHRUDQJ KDPED QLVFD\D GLMDGLNDQ1\D RUDQJ LWX PHPSHUROHK SHODMDUDQ GDUL
KDWLQ\Dµ>+5$EX0DQVKXU$G'DLODP\@
'DUL $EL 6DLG $O .KXGU\ 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´+DWL RUDQJ PXNPLQ LWX EHUVLK
SDGDQ\DSHOLWD\DQJEHUFDKD\DJHPLODQJµ>+5$KPDGGDQ7KDEUDQL@
%HUNDWD:DKDEELQ0XQDEELKEDKDZDVDQ\D5DVXOXOODK6$:WHODKEHUVDEGD $OODK7D·DOD
WHODK EHUILUPDQ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D VHPXD SHWDOD ODQJLW GDQ EXPL DNDQ PHQMDGL VHPSLW XQWXN
PHUDQJNXO =DW.X DNDQ WHWDSL $NX PXGDK XQWXN GLUDQJNXO ROHK KDWL VHRUDQJ 0X
PLQ
>+5$KPDG@
'DUL$EX+XUDLUDK5DVXOXOODK6$:EHUVDEGD ´-LNDODXVHWDQVHWDQWLGDNPHQJHOLOLQJLKDWL
DQDNDQDN $GDP QLVFD\D PHUHND GDSDW PHPDQGDQJ DODP PDODNXW \DQJ WLQJJLµ >+5
$KPDG@
+LMDE+DWL
)XQJVL KDWL \DQJ GHPLNLDQ DMDLE EDJL NHEDQ\DNDQ RUDQJ PHQMDGL VLUQD +DO LQL
GLNDUHQDNDQKDWLQ\DWHUKLMDEGHQJDQ$OODK7D·DOD
+DWLPDQXVLDGDSDWWHUKLMDEGDUL$OODK7D·DODGLVHEDENDQNDUHQDKDOKDOVHEDJLEHULNXW
3HUWDPD VHODOX PHPSHUWXKDQNDQ DWDX PHUHODNDQ GLULQ\D XQWXN PHQMDGL KDPED GDUL
KDZDQDIVXVHKLQJJDLDPHQMDGLRUDQJ\DQJPHODPSDXLEDWDV
0HUHNDLWXODK\DQJGLNXQFLPDWLKDWLPHUHNDROHK$OODKGDQPHQJLNXWLKDZDQDIVXPHUHND
>460XKDPPDG @
7HUDQJNDQODK NHSDGDNX WHQWDQJ RUDQJ \DQJ PHQMDGLNDQ KDZD QDIVXQ\D VHEDJDL ,ODKQ\D
0DND DSDNDK NDPX GDSDW PHQMDGL SHPHOLKDUD DWDVQ\D" DWDX DSDNDK NDPX PHQJLUD EDKZD
NHEDQ\DNDQPHUHNDLWXPHQGHQJDUDWDXPHPDKDPL0HUHNDLWXWLGDNODLQKDQ\DODKVHSHUWL
ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN EDKNDQ PHUHND OHELK VHVDW MDODQQ\D GDUL ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN LWX >46 $O
)XUTDDQ @
Rev-1 / Halaman 12
0DNDSHUQDKNDKNDPXPHOLKDWRUDQJ\DQJPHQMDGLNDQKDZDQDIVXQ\DVHEDJDL LODKQ\D GDQ
$OODK PHPELDUNDQQ\D VHVDW EHUGDVDUNDQ LOPX1\D GDQ $OODK WHODK PHQJXQFL PDWL
SHQGHQJDUDQGDQKDWLQ\DGDQPHOHWDNNDQWXWXSDQDWDVSHQJOLKDWDQQ\D0DNDVLDSDNDK\DQJ
DNDQPHPEHULQ\DSHWXQMXNVHVXGDK$OODK PHPELDUNDQQ\DVHVDW 0DNDPHQJDSDNDPXWLGDN
PHQJDPELOSHODMDUDQ>46$O-DWVL\DDW @
GDQ MDQJDQODK NHGXD PDWDPX EHUSDOLQJ GDUL PHUHND NDUHQD PHQJKDUDSNDQ SHUKLDVDQ
NHKLGXSDQGXQLDLQLGDQMDQJDQODKNDPXPHQJLNXWLRUDQJ\DQJKDWLQ\DWHODK.DPLODODLNDQ
GDUL PHQJLQJDW .DPL VHUWD PHQXUXWL KDZD QDIVXQ\D GDQ DGDODK NHDGDDQQ\D LWX
PHODPSDXLEDWDV>46$O.DKIL @
'DQ WLGDN DGD \DQJ PHQGXVWDNDQ KDUL SHPEDODVDQ LWX PHODLQNDQ VHWLDS RUDQJ \DQJ
PHODPSXLEDWDVODJLEHUGRVD\DQJDSDELODGLEDFDNDQNHSDGDQ\DD\DWD\DW.DPLLDEHUNDWD
,WX DGDODK GRQJHQJDQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ GDKXOX 6HNDOLNDOL WLGDN GHPLNLDQ VHEHQDUQ\D
DSD \DQJ VHODOX PHUHND XVDKDNDQ LWX PHQXWXS KDWL PHUHND >46 $O 0XWKDIILILLQ
@
'HPLNLDQODK.DPLPHQJXQFLPDWLKDWLRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHODPSDXLEDWDV>4646$O$·5DDI @
'DQ V\DLWKDQ SXQ PHPEDZD ODUL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WLGDN EHULPDQ VHPDNLQ MDXK GDQ
WHUVHVDWGDULVKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP
VD\D ,EOLV V\DLWKDQ EHQDUEHQDU DNDQ PHQJKDODQJLKDODQJL PHUHND GDUL VKLUDDWKDO
PXVWDTLLP>46$O$·5DDI @
6HGDQJNDQ SHPLPSLQ SHPEHUL SHWXQMXN RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WHODK GLDQXJHUDKL FDKD\D
LPDQDGDODK$OODKVHQGLUL'LSLPSLQXQWXNPHQXMXVKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP
VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK DGDODK 3HPEHUL 3HWXQMXN EDJL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ NHSDGD
VKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP>46$O+DMM @
-LNDKDWLVHVHRUDQJWHODKWHUWXWXSGLQGLQJPDNDGLGXQLDQ\DPHQMDGLJHODS JXOLWD WLGDN
ELVDPHOLKDWVKLUDDWKDOPXVWDTLLP
Rev-1 / Halaman 14
-LND NRQGLVL NHEXWDDQ LQL WHUEDZD NH DODP NXEXU NHWLND DMDOQ\D PDND NHEHUDGDDQ\D GL
DODPNXEXU\DQJDVLQJGDODPNRQGLVLEXWDPHUXSDNDQNHJHODSDQGLDWDVNHJHODSDQ-DXK
OHELKWHUVHVDWMDODQQ\D/HELKOHELKMLNDNRQGLVLEXWDQ\DWHUEDZDNHDODPDNKLUDW
6HPRJD$OODKPHQMDXKNDQNLWDGDULNRQGLVL\DQJVHSHUWLLQL
'DQEDUDQJVLDSD\DQJEXWD KDWLQ\D GLGXQLDLQLQLVFD\DGLDNKLUDW QDQWL LDDNDQOHELK
EXWD SXOD GDQOHELKWHUVHVDWMDODQQ\D>46$O,VUDD· @
46$O,VUDD· @
'DQ EDUDQJVLDSD \DQJ EHUSDOLQJ GDUL SHULQJDWDQ.X PDND VHVXQJJXKQ\D EDJLQ\D
SHQJKLGXSDQ \DQJ VHPSLW GDQ .DPL DNDQ PHQJKLPSXQNDQQ\D SDGD KDUL NLDPDW GDODP
NHDGDDQ EXWD %HUNDWDODK LD 467KDKDD @
6HEDJLDQ EHVDU MLQ GDQ PDQXVLD DNDQ PHPDVXNL MDKDQDP GL GDODPQ\D DGD \DQJ KDQ\D
VLQJJDKXQWXNPHODNXNDQSHQHEXVDQDWDVGRVDGRVDQ\DDGDSXOD\DQJPHQMDGLSHQJKXQL
SHQJKXQLWHWDSQ\D
Rev-1 / Halaman 15
2UDQJ\DQJKDWLQ\DWHODKPHQJHUDVWLGDNXEDKQ\DEDJDLELQDWDQJWHUQDNZDODXSXQPDWD
MDVDPDQL\DKQ\D PHOLKDW GDQ WHOLQJDQ\D PHQGHQJDU WHWDSL WHUQDNWHUQDN WHUVHEXW WLGDN
DNDQPHQJHUWLDSDDSDVHDQGDLQ\DPHUHNDGLEHULSHQJDMDUDQSHQJDMDUDQ+LGXSQ\DKDQ\D
WHUFXUDKXQWXNPHPXDVNDQV\DKZDWQ\DVHPDWD
.HEDQ\DNDQPDQXVLDEDJDLNDQELQDWDQJWHUQDNZDODXSXQGLEHULDNDOOHELKGLEDQGLQJNDQ
GHQJDQ ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN WHWDSL DNDOQ\D WHODK WXPSXO XQWXN PHQXMX NHSDGD NHEDLNDQ
NDUHQD GRVDGRVD 3RWHQVL DNDO GDQ MDVPDQL \DQJ GLDQXJHUDKNDQ $OODK NHSDGD VHRUDQJ
PDQXVLD \DQJ KLGXSQ\D EDJDLNDQ ELQDWDQJ WHUQDN PDODK VHPDNLQ PHQXUXQNDQ GHUDMDW
RUDQJWHUVHEXWGLVLVL$OODK7D·DODPHQMDGLOHELKUHQGDKGDULSDGDELQDWDQJWHUQDN
'DQ VHVXQJJXKQ\D .DPL MDGLNDQ XQWXN LVL QHUHND -DKDQQDP NHEDQ\DNDQ GDUL MLQ GDQ
PDQXVLDPHUHNDPHPSXQ\DLKDWLWHWDSLWLGDNGLSHUJXQDNDQXQWXNPHPDKDPLGDQPHUHND
PHPSXQ\DL PDWD WHWDSL WLGDN GLSHUJXQDNDQQ\D XQWXN PHOLKDW GDQ PHUHND PHPSXQ\DL
WHOLQJD WHWDSL WLGDN GLSHUJXQDNDQQ\D XQWXN PHQGHQJDU 0HUHND LWX VHEDJDL ELQDWDQJ
WHUQDNEDKNDQPHUHNDOHELKVHVDWODJL0HUDNDLWXODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJODODL>46$O$·UDDI
@
,WXODKVHEXUXNEXUXNELQDWDQJGDODPSDQGDQJDQ$OODK
6HVXQJJXKQ\DELQDWDQJ\DQJVHEXUXNEXUXNQ\DSDGDVLVL$OODKLDODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJSHNDN
GDQWXOL\DQJWLGDNPHQJHUWLDSDDSDSXQ>46$O$QIDO @
-HODVODK $OODK WLGDN DNDQ VXGL EHUWHPX GHQJDQ VHVHRUDQJ \DQJ PHQHPSHO SDGD GLULQ\D
GRVD\DQJGLNDUHQDNDQVHVXDWX\DQJWLGDNGLVNXDL1\D
3DGDKDO VHWLDS NHWHUWXWXSDQ GDUL $OODK 7D·DOD DGDODK NHELQDVDDQ 6HDQGDLQ\D NLWD GDWDQJ
PHQJKDGDS$OODK7D·DODGHQJDQPHPEDZDKDQ\DVHEXWLUGRVDVHNDOLSXQNLWDWLGDNDNDQ
VHODPDWGDULSHPEHUVLKDQMDKDQDP
6HVXQJJXKQ\D EDUDQJVLDSD GDWDQJ NHSDGD 5DEEQ\D GDODP NHDGDDQ EHUGRVD PDND
VHVXQJJXKQ\DEDJLQ\DQHUDND-DKDQQDP,DWLGDNPDWLGLGDODPQ\DGDQWLGDN SXOD KLGXS
'DQ EDUDQJVLDSD GDWDQJ NHSDGD 5DEEQ\D GDODP NHDGDDQ EHULPDQ ODJL VXQJJXKVXQJJXK
EHUDPDOVKDOLKPDNDPHUHNDLWXODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHPSHUROHKWHPSDWWHPSDW\DQJWLQJJL
PXOLD >467KDKDD @
'RVDLWXVHQGLULEHUWLQJNDWWLQJNDW0XODLGDULGRVDWLQJNDWUDVDNDUVD NHLQJLQDQ FLSWD
SLNLUDQ GDQNDU\D DPDO 6HEDJDLFRQWRKRUDQJ\DQJXMXE EDQJJDGLUL PHUDVDOHELK
GDUL\DQJODLQ GDODPKDODSDSXQ PDNDKDWLQ\DPHQMDGLEHUGRVDSDGDWLQJNDWUDVD
Rev-1 / Halaman 16
%DQJJD GLUL LQL PHPEDZD VHVHRUDQJ NHSDGD NHVRPERQJDQ KDWL \DQJ WLDGD VHRUDQJ SXQ
PHQJHWDKXLNHFXDOL$OODK7D·DODGDQPHUHND\DQJGLEHULL]LQROHK1\DXQWXNPHQJHWDKXL
5DVD VRPERQJ GDQ EDQJJD GLUL DGDODK VHVXDWX \DQJ WLGDN GLVXNDL $OODK 0DND KDO LWX
DGDODKGRVD'DQVHWLDSGRVDDNDQGLOHEXUGL-DKDQDPZDODXSXQKDQ\DVHEHVDUG]DUUDK
'DQ $OODK WLGDN PHQ\XNDL VHWLDS RUDQJ \DQJ VRPERQJ ODJL PHPEDQJJDNDQ GLUL >46 $O
+DGLLG @
'DUL $EGXOODK ELQ 0DV·XG 5$ 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´7LGDN DNDQ PDVXN VXUJD
RUDQJ \DQJ GL GDODP KDWLQ\D WHUGDSDW UDVD VRPERQJ ZDODXSXQ KDQ\D VHEHVDU G]DUUDKµ
´6RPERQJ LWX PHQRODN NHEHQDUDQ GDQ PHUHQGDKNDQ VHVDPD PDQXVLDµ >+DGLWV 5LZD\DW
0XVOLP@
'HPLNLDQSXODGRVDDNLEDWNDUVD NHLQJLQDQDWDXNHPDXDQ .HPDXDQKDUXVGLVHVXDLNDQ
GHQJDQNHPDPSXDQ.HPDXDQKDUXVVHVXDLGHQJDQNHSDQWDVDQDWDXNHOD\DNDQGDQVLWXDVL
VHUWDNRQGLVLOLQJNXQJDQ0HQJXWDPDNDQ\DQJSHUOXGDQSHQWLQJGDODPVHWLDSDNWLYLWDV
'RVD DNLEDW FLSWD SLNLUDQ GDSDW WHUMDGL NDUHQD WLGDN PHQJJXQDNDQ DNDO SLNLUDQ VHVXDL
GHQJDQSRUVLQ\DGDQWLGDNVLDVLD
'DODPNDU\D DPDO GDSDWWHUMDGLGRVDNDUHQDWLGDNSDQGDLPHQ\HVXDLNDQPHQHPSDWNDQ
GDQ PHQJDWXU WLQJNDK ODNX GDQ ELFDUDQ\D 'DODP VHWLDS NDU\D KDUXV GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
SHULODNXGDQELFDUDEDLN
'DQ VHGHUKDQDODK NDPX GDODP EHUMDODQ GDQ OXQDNNDQODK VXDUDPX >46 /XTPDQ
@
'DUL -DELU ELQ $EGXOODK 5$ %DKZDVDQQ\D 5DVXOXOODK 6$: EHUVDEGD ´6HVXQJJXKQ\D
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ DNX FLQWDL GDQ RUDQJ \DQJ SDOLQJ GHNDW GXGXNQ\D GHQJDQ DNX SDGD KDUL
NLDPDWQDQWLDGDODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJVDQJDWEDLNEXGLSHNHUWLQ\D'DQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJ
VDQJDWDNXEHQFLGDQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJMDXKWHPSDWGXGXNQ\DGHQJDQDNXSDGDKDULNLDPDW
QDQWLDGDODKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJVXNDEHUELFDUDRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUODJDNIDVLKGDQRUDQJ
RUDQJ\DQJEHUPXOXWEHVDU>+57XUPXG]L@
'RVDGRVD LWXODK \DQJ PHQJKDODQJL VHRUDQJ KDPED XQWXN GDSDW GLWHULPD $OODK 7D·DOD
3DGDKDONHVHODPDWDQLWXKDQ\DODKGLVLVL$OODKGDQEHUVDPD$OODK6HDQGDLQ\DDGDVHVXDWX
\DQJ PHQJKDODQJL GLUL NLWD GHQJDQ $OODK 7D·DOD GDQ GHQJDQ 5DKPDW1\D PDND WLDGD
WHPSDWODLQNHFXDOLNHFHODNDDQ\DQJEHVDU
EDUDQJ VLDSD EHUEXDW GRVD GDQ LD WHODK GLOLSXWL ROHK GRVDQ\D PHUHND LWXODK SHQJKXL QHUDND
PHUHNDNHNDOGLGDODPQ\D>46$O%DTDUDK @
Rev-1 / Halaman 17
6HVXQJJXKQ\DWLDGDODKEHUXQWXQJRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUEXDWGRVD>4646$O$Q·DDP @
6HEXDKUXDQJDQ\DQJWLDGDFDKD\DDNDQPHQMDGLVDQJDWJHODS:DODXSXQGDODPUXDQJDQ
WHUVHEXWWHUGDSDWPHMDEDQJNXWHPSDWWLGXUGDQVHEDJDLQ\DQDPXQNDUHQDJHODSJXOLWD
EHQGDEHQGDWHUVHEXWWLGDNWHUOLKDW
6HNLUDQ\D GDODP UXDQJDQ WHUVHEXW DGD VHEHUNDV FDKD\D PDND DNDQ WHUOLKDWODK DSDDSD
\DQJ DGD GL GDODPQ\D 6HPDNLQ WHUDQJ FDKD\D GDODP UXDQJDQ WHUVHEXW PHQMDGLNDQ
VHPDNLQMHODVDSDDSD\DQJDGDGLGDODPQ\D
'HPLNLDQ SXOD GHQJDQ KDWL +DWL \DQJ WLGDN GLWHUDQJL FDKD\D WHUWXWXS ROHK QRGDQRGD
\DQJ PHQJHUDV DNDQ JHODS JXOLWD 7LGDN DNDQ WHUOLKDW DSD \DQJ DGD GL GDODPQ\D
.DODXSXQ DGD SHWXQMXN $OODK GDWDQJ NDUHQD GHPLNLDQ JHODS PDND WLGDN DNDQ
GLNHWDKXLQ\D
,PDQ DGDODK FDKD\D $OODK +DGLWV4XGVL5LZD\DW$KPDG@
6HKLQJJD VHRUDQJ \DQJ PHQGDSDWNDQ FDKD\D $OODK LQL WLGDN ODJL EHULPDQ VHFDUD DZDPL
GDQPXWDNDOOLPLQWHWDSLVHFDUDDULILQ
0HUHND LWXODK RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ $OODK WHODK PHQDQDPNDQ NHLPDQDQ GDODP KDWL PHUHND
GHQJDQSHUWRORQJDQ\DQJGDWDQJGDULSDGD1\D>46$O0XMDDGDODK @
« $OODK PHQMDGLNDQ NDPX FLQWD NHSDGD NHLPDQDQ GDQ PHQMDGLNDQ LPDQ LWX LQGDK GDODP
KDWLPX«>46$O+XMXUDW @
$O4XU·DQGLZDK\XNDQ$OODK7D·DODNHGDODPKDWLEXNDQNHRWDN DNDOMDVDPDQL\DK 1DEL
0XKDPPDG6$:
'DQVHVXQJJXKQ\DDO4XU
DQLQLEHQDUEHQDUGLWXUXQNDQROHK5DEEVHPHVWDDODPGLDGLEDZD
WXUXQ ROHK $U5XK $O$PLQ -LEULO NH GDODP KDWLPX 0XDKDPPDG DJDU NDPX PHQMDGL
VDODK VHRUDQJ GL DQWDUD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHPEHUL SHULQJDWDQ >46 $V\6\X·DUDD·
@
2OHK NDUHQD LWX WLGDN DNDQ PXQJNLQ VHVHRUDQJ GDSDW PHPDKDPL NDQGXQJDQ $O 4XU·DQ
VHFDUD KDNLNL GHQJDQ KDWL \DQJ JHODS JXOLWD GDQ OXEE DNDO KDWL \DQJ PDWL .DUHQD LWX
,PDP$O*KD]DO\EHUNDWD
%DUDQJVLDSD EXWD KDWLQ\D PDND WLGDN DNDQ WHUVHQWXK DJDPD LQL NHFXDOL NXOLW GDQ WDQGD
WDQGDQ\DVDMDVHGDQJNDQLQWLVDULKDNLNDWKDNLNDWDJDPDWLGDNWHUVHQWXKVDPDVHNDOL
.DUHQDQ\DVHVXQJJXKQ\DSHQMHODVDQSHQMHODVDQ$O4XU·DQEXNDQODKNRQVXPVLRWDN DNDO
MDVPDQL\DK XQWXN GDSDW PHQ\HQWXKQ\D 7HWDSL VHRUDQJ GDSDW PHQ\HQWXK SHQMHODVDQ
SHQMHODVDQ$O4XU·DQGHQJDQKDWL+DWL\DQJGLWHUDQJLFDKD\DLPDQ
'HQJDQ DGDQ\D &DKD\D ,PDQ GDODP KDWL PDND PHQMDGL Q\DWD D\DWD\DW $O 4XU·DQ
WHUVHEXW%DLN\DQJPXKNDPDWPDXSXQPXWDV\DELKDW
6HEHQDUQ\D DO4XU
DQ LWX DGDODK D\DWD\DW \DQJ Q\DWD GL GDODP GDGD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ
GLEHULLOPX>46$O$QNDDEXXW @
'LDODK\DQJPHQXUXQNDQ$O.LWDE DO4XU
DQ NHSDGDNDPX'LDQWDUD LVL Q\DDGDD\DW
D\DW \DQJ PXKNDPDW LWXODK SRNRNSRNRN LVL DO4XU
DQ GDQ \DQJ ODLQ D\DWD\DW
PXWDV\DDELKDDW « SDGDKDO WLGDN DGD \DQJ PHQJHWDKXL WD
ZLOQ\D PHODLQNDQ $OODK 'DQ
Rev-1 / Halaman 21
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHQGDODP LOPXQ\D EHUNDWD .DPL EHULPDQ NHSDGD D\DWD\DW \DQJ
PXWDV\DELKDW VHPXDQ\D LWX GDUL VLVL 5DEE NDPL 'DQ WLGDN GDSDW PHQJDPELO SHODMDUDQ
GDULSDGDQ\D PHODLQNDQXOLODOEDE>46$OL,PUDQ @
6HEHOXPQ\D NDPX WLGDNODK PHQJHWDKXL DSDNDK $O.LWDE DO4XU
DQ GDQ WLGDN SXOD
PHQJHWDKXL DSDNDK LPDQ LWX WHWDSL .DPL PHQMDGLNDQSDGDQ\D FDKD\D \DQJ .DPL WXQMXNL
GHQJDQGLDVLDSD\DQJ.DPLNHKHQGDNLGLDQWDUDKDPEDKDPED.DPL>46$V\6\XUD
@
'DQ GHQJDQ DGDQ\D FDKD\D LPDQ SXOD PDND DNDQ WHUVHQWXKODK PDNQD WHUGDODP GDUL $O
4XU·DQ%DLN\DQJODKLUPDXSXQ\DQJEDWKLQ
VHVXQJJXKQ\D $O4XUDQLQLDGDODK EDFDDQ \DQJ VDQJDW PXOLD SDGD NLWDE \DQJ WHUSHOLKDUD
WLGDNPHQ\HQWXKQ\DNHFXDOLRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJGLVXFLNDQ>46$O:DDTLDK @
.DPL DNDQ PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ NHSDGD PHUHND WDQGDWDQGD NHNXDVDDQ .DPL GL VHJHQDS XIXN
GDQSDGDGLULPHUHNDVHQGLULVHKLQJJDMHODVODKEDJLPHUHNDEDKZDDO4XU
DQLWXEHQDU>46
)XVKLODDW @
$O4XU·DQDGDODKSHWXQMXN\DQJEHUVLIDWXPXPVHEDJDLXQGDQJXQGDQJGDVDUQ\DRUDQJ
RUDQJ\DQJEHUDJDPD,VODP
'LVDPSLQJ SHWXQMXN \DQJ EHUODNX XPXP DGD SHWXQMXN \DQJ EHUVLIDW NKXVXV DWDX
LQGLYLGXDO RUDQJSHUVHRUDQJDQ 3HWXQMXNNKXVXVLQLGDSDWKDGLUNHGDODPKDWLPDQXVLD
MXJDGHQJDQSHUV\DUDWDQDGDQ\DFDKD\DLPDQ
6HVXQJJXKQ\DRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHULPDQGDQPHQJHUMDNDQDPDODPDOVKDOLKPHUHNDGLEHUL
SHWXQMXNROHK5DEEPHUHNDNDUHQDNHLPDQDQQ\D«>4646$G]']DDUL\DDW @
GDQ EDKZDVDQ\D 'LDODK \DQJ PHQFLSWDNDQ EHUSDVDQJSDVDQJDQ ODNLODNL GDQ SHUHPSXDQ
>46$Q1DMP @
GDQ.DPLMDGLNDQNDPXEHUSDVDQJSDVDQJDQ>46$Q1DED· @
0DKD6XFL5DEE\DQJWHODKPHQFLSWDNDQSDVDQJDQSDVDQJDQVHPXDQ\DEDLNGDULDSD\DQJ
GLWXPEXKNDQ ROHK EXPL GDQ GDUL GLUL PHUHND PDXSXQ GDUL DSD \DQJ WLGDN PHUHND NHWDKXL
>46