AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS USED IN RF ONLINE GAME A THESIS
AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS USED IN RF ONLINE GAME A THESIS By: Leonardo Chandra Thomas Student Number : 11.80.0038 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG
AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS USED IN RF ONLINE GAME
A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements to Obtain the
Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
By:
Leonardo Chandra Thomas
Student Number : 11.80.0038
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
A THESIS ON AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS USED IN RF ONLINE GAME Leonardo Chandra Thomas Student Number : 11.80.0038 Approved by, th
Antonius Suratno Ph.D September 16 , 2014
Major Sponsor th
Cecilia Titiek Murniati Ph.D September 16 , 2014
th
A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on September 16 , 2014
and declared acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson : Antonius Suratno Ph.D ....................Secretary : Cecilia Titiek Murniati Ph.D .................... Member : Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum .................... th Semarang, September 16 , 2014 Faculty of Language and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University
Dean,
Angelika Riyandari Ph.D 058.1.1996.201
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ for His blessing and guidance so that I can finish my thesis. I know that I would never make this achievement without His blessing.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved father (Nurdin Thomas), my beloved mom (Imelia Irwanto), and my beloved sisters (Eva, Alice, Hallena). I will never be who I am now without them in my life.
My deepest gratitude also goes to my major sponsor Antonius Suratno, Ph.D who has sincerely and patiently helped and guided me in this journey. He has given me a lot of useful advices for my thesis improvement. He has helped me a lot to improve my grammar. My sincere gratitude also goes to Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D as the co-sponsor of this thesis. She has helped me correcting and improving my thesis. She has helped me in my acknowledgement in using coding.
Both my supervisors encouraged me to finish my thesis. It is really a privilege for me to work under their supervision.
Then, I would also like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all the lecturers in Faculty of Language and Arts. They have given me a lot of valuable knowledge. Especially for Ibu Ninik and Ibu Ekawati, I would like to thank you for always willing to answer and respond to my questions, concerns and difficulties.
Lastly, I would like to express my warmest gratitude to my best friend would also to deliver my gratitude to all my friends in the faculty. You guys are making my academic years becoming fun and not boring, glad to know you all in this dearest faculty.
th
Semarang, September, 16 2014 Leonardo Chandra Thomas
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES OF TITLE ii
PAGES OF APPROVAL iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF GRAPHS xii
ABSTRACT xiv
ABSTRAK xv
LIST OF ACRONYM xvi
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Background
1
1.2 Field of the study
3
1.3 Scope of the study
3
1.4 Problem formulation
3
1.5 Objective of the study
4
1.6 Significance of the study
4
1.7 Definition of term
4 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
6
2.1 Previous Study
6
2.2 Pragmatics
6
2.3.1 Locutionary act
8
2.3.2 Illocutionary act
8
2.3.3 Perlocutionary act
8
2.4 Speech act classifications
8
2.4.1 Declarations
10
2.4.2 Representatives
11
2.4.2.2 Assertions
12
2.4.2.3 Conclusions
12
2.4.2.4 Descriptions
12
2.4.3 Expressives
13
2.4.3.1 Statement of Pleasure
13
2.4.3.2 Statement of Pain
14
2.4.3.3 Statement of Like
14
2.4.3.4 Statement of Dislike
14
2.4.3.5 Statement of Joy
14
2.4.3.6 Statement of Sorrow
15
2.4.4 Directives
15
2.4.4.1 Command
15
2.4.4.2 Request
16
2.4.4.3 Suggestion
16
2.4.4.4 Order
16
2.4.5.1 Promise
17
2.4.5.2 Threat
17
2.4.5.3 Refusal
17
2.4.5.4 Pledge
18
2.4 Rising Force Online Game
18 CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
20
3.1.1 Participants and Material
21
3.1.2 Instrument
21
3.1.3 Procedure
21
3.2 Data analysis
22
3.2.1 Coding
22 CHAPTER 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
24
4.1 Speech acts in RF online game
24
4.1.1 Declarations
24
4.1.2 Representatives
26
4.1.2.1 Statement of fact
26
4.1.2.2 Assertions
27
4.1.2.3 Conclusions
28
4.1.2.4 Descriptions
29
4.1.3 Expressives
30
4.1.3.1 Statement of pleasure
30
4.1.3.3 Statement of like
31
4.1.3.4 Statement of dislike
32
4.1.3.5 Statement of joy
32
4.1.3.6 Statement of sorrow
33
4.1.4 Directives
34
4.1.4.1 Command
34
4.1.4.3 Request
35
4.1.4.4 Suggestion
37
4.1.5 Commissives
38
4.1.5.1 Promise
38
4.1.5.2 Threat
39
4.1.5.3 Refusal
40
4.1.5.4 Pledge
40
4.2 The most dominant speech acts in RF online game
40 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
44
5.1 Conclusion
44
5.2 Suggestion
44 BIBLIOGRAPHY
46 APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: The number of each kind of speech acts
41 Table 4.2: The frequency of the most dominant of speech acts
42 Graph 2.1: Fifth general function of speech acts (Yule, 1996, p. 55)
10
APPENDICES A. List of overall speech acts in RF online game.
B. The analysis of List of overall speech acts in RF online game.
C. RF online game conversations transcript.
ABSTRACT
This thesis, entitled “An Analysis of Speech Acts used in RF online game”, discusses the kinds of speech acts in the chat box in RF online game by using the theory of Yule (1996). The problems that have been analyzed are (1) the speech acts used in RF online game (2) the context each type of speech acts used in RF
online game (3) the most dominant of speech acts which appear in RF online
game. Analysis result obtained from 1048 utterances shows that the speech acts
used are declarations (17.75%), representatives (22.9%), expressives (4.2%), directives (54.3%) and commissives (0.85%). Thus, the most dominant speech acts in RF online game is Declarations because the game is about a war between three races to achieve limited resources in Novus Galaxy.
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini berjudul
“An Analysis of Speech Acts Used in RF Online Game”
membahas jenis-jenis dari speech act yang ada di kotak percakapan game RF dengan menggunakan teori Yule (1996). Permasalahan yang telah dianalisa adalah
(1) the speech acts used in RF online game, (2) the context each type of speech
acts used in RF online game (3) the most dominant of speech acts which appear in
RF online game. Hasil analisa diperoleh dari 1048 ucapan menjelaskan jika
speech acts yang digunakan adalah declarations (17.75%), representatives
(22.9%), expressives (4.2%), directives (54.3%) and commissives (0.85%) . Jadi,
speech act yang lebih dominan di dalam game RF adalah Declarations karena game ini menceritakan sebuah kisah mengenai perang antara tiga bangsa memperebutkan sumberdaya yang terbatas di planet Novus.
A : Accretia ABA : Assassin Builder A ACC : Accretia Chip Control AD : Attack Defense B : Buy BCC : Bellato Chip Control Bells : Bellato BK : Black Knight CB : Chip Battle CCC : Cora Chip Control Cpt : Contribution Point CR : Close Range CX : Coin Exchange DEF : Defend DP : Dark Plain DPS : Damage per Second DS : Dark Staff FF : Focus Fire FFA : Free for All Fck : Fuck FR : Force Robe GB : Gold Box
Gyz : Guys GvG : Guild Versus Guild Hec : Hecate HQ : Headquarter HSK : Holy Stone Keeper Int : Intense LFP : Look for a Party LR : Long Range Lv : Level M : Million Min : Minute MMORPG : Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Nyc : Nice OCL : Outcast Land Ok : Okay OP : Over Price Otw : On The Way Pcs : Pieces Ph : Philippine Pk : Player Kills Pls : Please Pm : Personal Message PT : Party PVP : Player Versus Player
RG : Re-Group RFO : Rising Force Online S : Sell SB : Shiny Boxes Specs : Specialists STC : Super Turncoats Ty : Thank You UMT : Unmanned Mining Tools
VA : Velocity Acuity Vamp : Vampire Velo : Velocity
VC : Volcanic Cauldron W : With WTB : Wish to Buy WTF : What The Fuck WTS : Wish to Sell WTT : Wish to Trade