A GRADUATING PAPER Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) In the English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
AN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN
ONEHALLYU ONLINE FORUM
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd)
In the English Education Department of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty
By:
ULYA HIKMAWATI
113 08 050
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)
SALATIGA
2016
MOTTO
You don’t have to be positive all the time. It’s perfectly okay to feel
sad, angry, annoyed, frustated, scared or anxious. Having feelings
doesn’t make you a “negative person”. It makes you human.
(Lori Deschene)
Remember that life’s greatest lessons are usually learned at the worst
times and from the worst mistakes.
(curiano.com)
DEDICATION
This graduation paper is whole-heartedly dedicated to:
1. My father and mother who have raised me; and whole my families, you’re such the sweetest things to be grown up with.
2. My indeed friends.
3. I myself, always keep it worth.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful, The Lord of Universe. Because of Him, the writer could finish this graduating paper as one of the requirement for Sarjana Pendidikan in English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga in 2016. Secondly, peace and salutation always be given to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us from the darkness to the lightness.
However, this success would not be achieved without those supports, guidance, advice, help, and encouragement from individual and institution, and I somehow realize that an appropriate moment for me to deepest gratitude for:
1. Dr. Rahmat Hariyadi, M.Pd. the Rector of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
2. Suwardi, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Educational Faculty of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
3. Noor Malihah, Ph.D. as the Head of English Education Department of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
4. Faizal Risdianto, S.S., M.Hum. as the writer’s counselor who has educated, supported, directed and given the writer advices, suggestions, and recommendations for this graduating paper from beginning until the end.
5. All the lecturers of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
6. All the staff that have helped the writer in processing of graduating paper administration.
Finally, this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide useful knowledge and information to the readers. The writer is pleased to accept more suggestion and contribution from the readers for the improvement of the graduating paper.
th
Salatiga, August 15 2016 The writer
ULYA HIKMAWATI 113 0 8 050
ABSTRACT
Hikmawati,Ulya. 2016. AN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCE IN ONEHALLYU ONLINE FORUM, Counselor: Faizal Risdianto, S.S., M.Hum.
Keywords: analysis, structure, interrogative sentences, OneHallyu online forum.
This research is intend to analyze the structure of interrogative sentences in OneHallyu online forum. There are two main points of this research, they are to find and analyze the structure of interrogative sentence and to find the dominant pattern of interrogative sentence found in the OneHallyu Celebrities News and Gossip forum. Descriptive qualitative method apply to this research. The primary data is the title discussion that the member post in Celebrity News and Gossip forum from May until June 2013.
The procedure of analyzing the data start by extracting the data, grouping and analyze the structure of the interrogative sentences. Then find the dominant pattern of question sentences in OneHallyu Celebrities News and Gossip forum. The overall findings show that there were 74 pattern of question sentences use by the members of OneHallyu online forum. There are 33 pattern of yes/no question, consist of 1 negative pattern and 32 positive patttern, and 41 pattern of information question, consist of the 32 second pattern and 9 of the first pattern. The analysis result indicate that the dominant pattern in OneHallyu Celebrities News and Gossip is the pattern of information question.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................ i DECLARATION .......................................................................................... ii ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR ........................................................................ iii CERTIFICATION PAGE ............................................................................. iv MOTTO......................................................................................................... v DEDICATION .............................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................. x ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xvi LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xvii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1 A. Background of Study .................................................
3 B. Limitation of Study ...................................................
3 C. Problem of Study .......................................................
3 D. Objectives of Study ..................................................
4 E. Benefits of Study ......................................................
5 F. Definitions of Key Terms .........................................
6 G. Graduating Paper Organization .................................
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7 A. Questions Sentence ...................................................
7 1. Definition of Questions Sentences .....................
9 2. Structure of Questions Sentences .......................
14 B. OneHallyu Online Forum ..........................................
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY RESEARCH A. Type of Research ...................................................... 20
21 B. Object of the Research ..............................................
21 C. Type of the Data ........................................................
22 D. Method of Data Collection ........................................
25 E. Method of Data Analysis...........................................
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS
28 A. Data Presentation .....................................................
34 B. Data Analysis ............................................................
34 1. Yes/No Questions ...............................................
40 2. Information (wh-) Questions ...............................
46 3. The Dominant Pattern of Question Sentence ......
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
47 A. Conclusion ...............................................................
48 B. Suggestion ................................................................ REFERENCES APPENDIXES CURRICULUM VITAE
ABBREVIATIONS
15& : 15&
1 5& is combination of their ages at debut and the “and” means that they can have success into the future.
4Minute : 4Minute 포미닛) is South Korean girl group formed by Cube Entertainment in 2009. The members of the group were aOn June 13, 2016 Cube announce that the group would disband following their contract expiration .
B2ST : B2ST 비스트) is stylized form of BEAST, a South Korean boyband formed by Cube Entertainment in 2009. The band consists of five members:
BoA : BoA is a stage name for Kwon Boa , a South
권보아)
Korean singer and actress under S.M. Entertainment that active in South Korea and Japan. She is referred to as the Queen of
CUBE : CUBE is a South Korean record label, Cube Entertainment. Cube Entertainment was founded on August 29, 2006 by Hong Seung- sung (aka Simon Hong), former president of and Shin Jung-hwa (Monica Shin) as Playcube Inc.
)
EXO : EXO 엑소 is a South Korean - Chinese boy group based in Seoul, formed in 2011 by S.M. Entertainment. Their name taken from the word They are divided into two subgroups, Exo-K ('K' for Korean) for South Korea and Exo-M ('M' for Mandarin) for China.
)
f(x) : f(x) 에프엑스 is a south korea based girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2009. The group name is based on the mathematical notation for function. F stands for flower and the “x” is an X chromosome. The group is currently composed of four membe
),
Hallyu : Hallyu literally meaning 'flow of Korea' or Korean Wave. The increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s.
Hangul : The Korean alphabet.
INTL : INTL is one of the few common abbreviation for international.
International is anthat is defined as existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations .
IU : IU 이지은) stage name, a South Korean singer, songwriter and actress Under LOEN Entertainment.
)
Jun.K : Jun.K is Kim Min-jun 김민준 stage name, a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer and actor under JYP Entertainment.
JYJ : JYJ is abbreviation for “Junsu/Yuchun/Jejung”. JYJ is a South
Korean pop group formed in 2010 by the three former member of TVXQ: Jaejoong, Yoochun and Junsu. The trio are managed by
JYP : JYP is abbreviation for Park Jin-young (Hangul: 박진영) or J.Y.
Park. He is a South Korean singer, record producer, and entrepreneur. He is the principal founder and chief executive of
K-Pop/kpop : K-pop/kpop is abbreviation of Korean Pop 케이팝) , a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety olements. MBLAQ : MBLAQ (Hangul: 엠블랙), is an acronym for “Music Boys Live i n Absolute Quality”, a South Korean boyband created by South- Korean entertainer
SME/SM : SME/SM is abrreviation for S.M. Entertainment SM 엔터테인먼트), a South Korean entertainment company established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house.
SNSD : SNSD is a bbreviation for “sonyeo sidae” 소녀시대) also known as Girls’ Generation, a South Korean girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2007. The group is composed of eight membe T-Ara : T-Ara 티아라) is a South Korean girl group formed by
MBK Entertainment, the group name is based on the word “tiara”, comes from the idea that they will become the "queens of the music industry". TVXQ :
“Tong Vfang Xien Qi” 東方神起) an initialism for TVXQ (stylized as TVXQ!) in Chinese, is a South Korean duo pop formed by S.M. Entertainment. They also known as Tohoshinki (東方神起
Tōhōshinki) in Japanese and DBSK 동방신기, Dong Bang Shin Ki ) in Korean. Their name roughly translate to “Rising Gods of the East”. TVXQ! consist of composed of members U-Know Yunho, Max Changmin,in 2003.
YGE : YGE is stand for YG entertainment (Hangul: YG 엔터테인먼트), South Korean entertainment company founded in 1996. YG is an abbreviation for
“Yang-gun” (Hangul:양군), the executive producer and founder nickname, Yang Hyun-suk. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house.
LIST OF FIGURES
16 Figure 2.9. OneHallyu Korean Entertainment Section
40 Figure 4.4. Information Questions Second Type
34 Figure 4.3. Information Questions First Type
34 Figure 4.2. Negative Pattern
18 Figure 4.1. Positive Pattern
18 Figure 2.11. OneHallyu Other Section
17 Figure 2.10. OneHallyu Releases Section
15 Figure 2.8. OneHallyu Neighborhood Section
Figure 2.1. Clause Type14 Figure 2.7. OneHallyu Logo
11 Figure 2.6. OneHallyu Front page
10 Figure 2.5. Information Questions Second Type
9 Figure 2.4. Information Questions First Type
9 Figure 2.3. Negative Pattern
7 Figure 2.2. Positive Pattern
40
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Yes/No question examples10 Table 2.2. Wh- words
13 Table 4.1. Interrogative Sentence Classification
28 Table 4.2. Yes/No Question Result
29 Table 4.3. Information (wh-) Question Result
29
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of The study In everyday life, language is a tool to communicate whether spoken or
written. We can identify various types of communicative act by which people communicate with each other: making statements, asking questions, giving directives with the aim of getting the hearer to carry out some action, making an offer or promise, thanking or expressing an exclamation.
Asking and stating are basic communicative acts. The result in variety people with different language background and experience using English as their spoken and written language is variety in structure and grammatical sentences, especially questions sentences. The thing asked for or stated may be something linguistic or it may be something non-linguistic. Gelderen state in her book, An Introduction to the Grammar English (2010:1), that speakers of a language know a lot about their languages. For instance, we know about the sounds (phonology), the structure of words (morphology), and the structure of sentences (syntax).
Apart from the structure of the sound system, a grammar will have to say something about the structure of the words. Each speaker has knowledge about the structure of sentences. Knowing about the structure of sentence is relevant in many cases. When formulating questions, the speakers take the structure of a sentence into account.
Robin (2007) said that sentence structure may ultimately be composed of many parts, but remember that the foundation of each sentence is theand possibly includesof the verb.
Gelderen (2010:4) state that knowing about the structure of the sentence, what parts go with other parts, is relevant in many cases. In yes/no questions, the verb is moved to the front of the sentence. This rule is quite complex, however. We cannot simply move any verb to the front, it will cause an ungrammatical sentence and not all verbs move to the front to form questions. Apart from yes/no questions, there are wh- questions, where more information is expected for an answer. In these sentences, the wh-word is fronted as well as the auxiliary did. Speaker of English know that sentences are ambiguous, sentences have a structure, movement occurs in question and verbs are divided into two kind, verbs that move in questions and verbs that do not move.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interesting in analyzing the structure of the interrogative sentences people use in OneHallyu community.
The research will be entitled
“AN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN ONEHALLYU ONLINE FORUM ”.
B. Limitation of The Study
The study will be limited to the pattern of interrogative sentences that the member post from May to June 2013 in OneHallyu online forum, section Celebrity News and Gossip.
C. Problem of The Study
Based on the background of the study, the writer would like to formulate some problem as follows:
1. What are the patterns of interrogative sentences in OneHallyu Online
Forum?
2. What is the dominant pattern of interrogative sentences and why it is the most dominant in OneHallyu Online Forum?
D. Objective of The Study
Dealing with the statements describe above, the objective of the research are:
1. To find and analyze the pattern of interrogative sentences in OneHallyu Online Forum.
2. To find the dominant pattern of interrogative sentences and the reason behind the use of questions sentences in OneHallyu Online Forum.
E. Benefits Of The Study
1. Theoretical benefits The result of the study will be one of additional information about question sentences and inspire the other researcher to further research about it in another online community.
2. Practical benefits
a. The Lecturers The result of the study might be beneficial for lecturer to enrich the reference about structure of the sentences, especially in interrogatives sentences that use in Korean fans community. Also with the development of technology, the lecturer will be use online media to improve the student ability in performing written English language.
b. The Researcher With this study, the researcher will be obtain more knowledge about the pattern of question sentences and apply it in the real life. This study wills becoming one of the many reference about structure of the sentences, especially about question sentences.
c. The Readers The researcher conducts this study to help people knowing more about the pattern of question sentences. Aside from the additional information that can be obtained from this research, the writer hopes that the readers will be performing English more confidently.
F. Definition of The Key Terms
1. Questions Sentences Swan (1996: xxvii) said that sentence is of words that express a statement, command, questions or exclamation. A sentence consists of one or more clauses, and usually has at least one subject and verb. In writing it begins with capital letter and ends with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.
Oxford learner’s pocket dictionary (2000:351) define that question (noun) is a sentence or phrase that asks for information. Downing state in English Grammar: A University Course Third Edition (2015:137) that questions typically seek information from the hearer that the speaker does not know. There are two types interrogatives structure in English, yes/no (polar) and wh- (non-polar) the later with using wh-elements.
2. OneHallyu Online Forum
OneHallyu is a website that consolidated source of Asian
entertainment news and forum community. The site contains many source entertainments that divided into six sections and each section has their sub section. With the amount of the member that added everyday, the steadily amount of information store in this forum community.
G. Graduating Paper Organization
The graduating paper is composed into systematically five chapters, and able to clarify as follows. Chapter I, introduction which is dealing with the background of the study, limitation of the study, problem statement, objective of the study, benefit of the study, definition of the key terms, and the paper organization. Chapter II is underlying theory, which covers the term of question sentences and OneHallyu Online Forum. Chapter III provides the descriptions of methodology research. Chapter IV explains the data analysis, which has been collected from OneHallyu online forum. Chapter V is dealing with conclusion and suggestion.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Chapter II describes the theoretical framework that consists of the definitionof question sentences, pattern of question sentences, and the definition of OneHallyu Online Forum.
A. QUESTION SENTENCES 1. The Definition of Question Sentences
Downing (2015: 114) said that general types of speech act are very basic; most of the languages have ways of representing them by means of the grammar. These are statements, questions, exclamations and directives. These basic speech acts are encoded in the grammar in the system of clause types or moods, as shown in the diagram below.
Figure 2.1 Clause Type In interrogative clauses, the finite verb precedes the subject, the rest remaining the same. When no operator is already available in the clause, a form of do (do, does, did) is brought in as a dummy operator. The functions of the operators that interest us here are, first, that they signal by position that the clause is interrogative, and second, they carry polarity, that is, they are either positive or negative. This positive- –negative contrast is an essential semantic feature associated with finiteness. In order to be affirmed or denied, a proposition has to be either positive or negative.
Oxfor d learner’s pocket dictionary (2000:351) define that question (noun) is a sentence or phrase that asks for information. Downing state in her book English Grammar: A University Course Third Edition (2015:137) that questions typically seek information from the hearer that the speaker does not know.
Merriam Webster online dictionary (2016) describe that question (noun) is an interrogative sentence or clause often used to test knowledge.
Cambridge Online dictionary define that question is anything we write or say which requires a response. In writing, questions are usually followed by a question mark.
The question mark immediately follows the questions, even when one question interrupts or comes after a statement. An exception to this rule occurs, when the questions is followed by a phrase or clause that modifies it. Then we put the question marks at the end of the statement. When a question is being reported, it ends with period rather than question mark. (Jean & Emily, 2001: 89-90)
Downing (2015:120) state that interrogative clauses typically occur in interpersonal situations and their direct speech-act function is to ask for information. There are two main types of interrogative, the yes/no type and the wh-type.
2. Structure of Question Sentences
a) Yes/No Question
Azhar define in her book (2003:121) that a yes/no questions is a questions that can be answered by “yes” or “no” or their equivalent. In the yes/no type it is only the polarity that is in question. The speaker asks for confirmation or denial of the clause content, to be expressed by yes or no. (Angela Downing, 2015:120)
POSITIVE PATTERN
Figure 2.2 Positive PatternFigure 2.3 Negative PatternIn short, auxiliary verb followed by the subject then verb is the basic pattern for yes/no question sentence. For negative pattern, we add
not after the auxiliary verb.
Auxiliary Verb/Modal + Not + S + Verb
Auxiliary Verb/Modal + S + Verb
NEGATIVE PATTERN
Yes/No Question
Aux The rest of the Questions
S VerbVerb/Modal sentence mark Do you like ? Are they studying ?
Jim lunch ?
Has eaten could you help me lift this ? should
I open the window ?
Table 2.1 Yes/No Questions examplesb) Information (wh-) Question
Azhar defines in her book (2003:123), information questions are question that asks for information by using questions words: where,
when, why, who, whom, what, which, whose, how. The pattern of
information questions is wh- words follow by auxiliary verb, subject, main verb and adverb.
There is two pattern of information questions, first is if the sentence in question is the subject, auxiliary be is not required. For negative pattern, it use auxiliary verb followed by not.
Wh- words + Main Verb
Figure 2.4 Information Question First TypeSecond is if the sentence in question is the object, auxiliary be is required. For negative pattern, add not after the auxiliary verb.
Figure 2.5 Information Question Second Typewell, quickly ) How well does
time.
it take to cook rice? 20 minutes. How long asks about length of
How long does
from St. Louis to Chicago? 289 miles. How far is used to ask questions about distance.
How often asks about frequency. How far is it
you go shopping? About twice a week.
How often do
people came? Fifteen.
How many
money does it cost? Ten dollars. How is used with much and many.
How much
he speaks English? Very well.
adverbs (e.g.,
Questions Words Questions Answer Explanation When When did they arrive?
old, big ) and
you? Twenty-one. How is often used with adjectives (e.g.,
How old are
(ways) of transportation .
get here? I took a taxi. How has many uses. One use of how is to ask about means
How How did you
ask questions about reason.
Why is used to
aren’t you coming with us? I’m tired.
Why Why
find a pen? In that drawer. Where is used to ask questions about place.
Where Where can I
Yesterday. When is used to ask questions about time.
Wh- words + auxiliary verb/modal + Subject + Main Verb
Who Who is used as Who can I can.
answer that the subject of questions? questions. It refers to people.
Who is coming Ann, Bob, and Who is usually
to dinner Al. followed by tonight? singular verb even if the speaker is asking about more than one person.
Whom Whom did you I saw George. Whom is used as
see? the object in a questions. In everyday English who is usually used instead of
whom. Whom is
used in formal English.
Whose Whose books asks
They’re mine. Whose are those? about
possession.
What can be What What Something
happened? happened. used as either
What did you the subject or the
I saw see? something. object in questions.
What countries Korea and What may
did you visit? Japan. accompany a noun.
What kind of
I t’s bean soup. What kind of soup is that? asks about the particular variety or type of something.
What did you I studied. What + form of do last night? do is used to ask
questions about activities.
What is the Hot and What + be like
weather like? humid. asks for general description of qualities.
What does her What + look like
It’s two-story, house look red brick asks for physical
like ? house. description.
Which book That one. Which is used Which
should I buy? instead of what when a questions concern choosing from a definite, known quantity or group.
Which Korea and In some cases,
countries did Japan. there is little he visit? difference in
What countries meaning
did he visit? between which and what when they accompany a noun. Table 2.2: Wh- words
B. OneHallyu Online Forum
Figure 2.6. : OneHallyu front pageToday, it is near impossible to find a sole provider of information for all facets of the Asian entertainment industry. There are often too many news outlets, yet no consolidated source; too many speculations, yet no solid discussion. OneHallyu solves all these issues simultaneously: A steady stream of information for fans provided by fans. Founded upon the value of cohesiveness, they strive to be the sole provider in an oft-divided entertainment industry for newer or older fans.
Often new fans become lost within a fandom, unable to express his or her voice. Or, it’s difficult to express their love for multiple groups, while representing their one favorite artist. OneHallyu encourage the user to express their individual identity while in support of multiple groups and interests.
Figure 2.7. : OneHallyu LogoThe founder believes, community is best seen when they stand firm as one. All things must come to an end, yet all ends have vibrant new beginnings.
Still, the thing that remains consistent through all this is that the fans have one other. The “O” in their logo is symbolic of the wholeness formed when each new beginning is founded upon another’s end. When it all comes together, we see the perfectness in the middle that is only achieved by staying strong and united, regardless of beginning or end.
The beauty of the Hallyu movement is that what makes the fans come together from all ends of the world to meet in the middle with a common interest. The Hallyu movement not only ushered in a new era of Asian Entertainment for all those interested, but also brought together like-minded individuals to celebrate and enthusiastically discuss this musical genre. Hallyu has since expanded outward to include all types of music from Asia, including Japanese, Chinese, and other Asian entertainment media. The “H” in their logo is symbolic of not only members from the four corners of the earth coming together at a centric point, but also from that center, they reaching out to the many branches of Asian entertainment.
With the members that come from all over the world and the stream of information that always added everyday, for easier use of this forum, they divide it to six sections: neighborhood, Korean entertainment, Japanese entertainment, Chinese entertainment, OneHallyu release and other.
Figure 2.8. : OneHallyu Neighborhood sectionIn the Neighborhood section they have 5 forums, first is rules, feedbacks and announcement, this forums discuss about the OneHallyu rules, ask and feedback, team recruitment, and events. Second is the lobby that talks about campus life and radiOH. Third is member 411 that talks about introduction and picture of the OneHallyu member. Fourth is about the bar (18+) that mostly talks about the mature things. Fifth is random section that talks about random things.
Figure 2.9. : OneHallyu Korean Entertainment sectionKorean, Japanese and Chinese entertainment section respectively have four forums: music, celebrity news and gossip, celebrity photos, and movie and television, but for Korean entertainment section there is chart and sales forum. Music section discuss about the latest release like music video, album, or performance from their favorite. Celebrity news and gossip talks about the latest information about the artist. Celebrity photos discuss about their favorite artist photos or capture. Movie and television section mostly talks about the latest drama, movies and variety show. Chart and sales discuss about every information about charts and sales about their favorite artits.
Figure 2.10. : OneHallyu Releases sectionThere is three forums in OneHallyu release section, OneHallyu media that release weekly OneHallyu (WOH) videos and their subbing videos, lyrics that post the song lyrics and the translation, and OneHallyu
OneHallyu general translation that release the translation from article, interview or other.
Figure 2.11. : OneHallyu Other sectionThe last section is other that consist of nine forums. Currents news and events forum that discuss about the current news that circulating around the world via the media; Hollywood forum discuss about celebrities and the happenings in the west; other Asian entertainments forums discuss about the entertainments around Asia; love and relationship forum. Sport, health and fitness discuss about the member favorite sport, health and fitness related; gaming and technology discuss about the member favorite games, e-sport and technology related; beauty and fashion discuss about the member favorite beauty and fashion related. The studio forums is a place where the members can post their artwork, video, song and etc here; last is fan fiction forums that the members can post their own fan fiction or their favorite here.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY RESEARCH Chapter III tells about the research methods. In this chapter, the
researcher would like to describe the research approach that relates to this research. The method that is used by the writer in this study is descriptive qualitative approach. There are five parts of methodology research, type of research, Object of the research, type of data, method of data collection and method of data analysis.
A. Type of Research
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. Quoting what Moleong (2008:6) states in his book, qualitative research is a research to comprehend phenomena of what is happen on the research subject holistically and by description in words and language form, in a certain natural context and use several scientific methods.
Kothari (2004:2) said descriptive research includes surveys and fact- finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. The methods of research utilized in descriptive research are survey methods of all kinds, including comparative and correlational methods.
Kothari (2004:3) also said qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e. phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind. Qualitative research is especially important in the behavioral sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying motives of human behavior. Through such research, we can analyze the various factors which motivate people to behave in a particular manner or which make people like or dislike a particular thing.
Qualitative approach to research is concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions and behavior. Research in such a situation is a function o f researcher’s insights and impressions. Generally, the techniques of focus group interviews, projective techniques and depth interviews are used.
Johnson said (2007: 2) qualitative research relies primarily on the collection of qualitative data, such as words, images or categories.
“Wide- angle ” and “deep-angle” lens, examining the breadth and depth of phenomena to learn more about them.
B. Object of The Research
The research object in this study is structure of interrogative sentences that found from May to June 2013 in OneHallyu Celebrity News and Gossip forum section when the members posting about something to discuss related to the artist.
C. Type of The Data
According to Kothari (2004:95) there are two types of data, primary and secondary. The primary data are those that are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. The secondary data, on the other hand, are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. In this research, the writer use primary data.
D. Method of The Data Collection
According to Kothari (2004:96) researcher collect primary data during the course of doing experiments in an experimental research but in case the researcher do research of the descriptive type and perform surveys, then the researcher can obtain primary data either through observation or through direct communication with respondents in one form or another or through personal interviews.
There are several methods of collecting primary data, particularly in surveys and descriptive researches. Important ones are observation method, interview method, through questionnaires, through schedules, and other methods.
Observation Method 1.
According to Kothari (2004:96) observation becomes a scientific tool and the method of data collection for the researcher, when it serves a formulated research purpose, is systematically planned and recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity and reliability. Under the observation method, the information is sought by way of investigator’s own direct . observation without asking from the respondent
According to Cohen (2007:396) observation as a research process is that it offers an investigator the opportunity to gather ‘live’ data from naturally occurring social situations. In this way, the researcher can look directly at what is taking place in situ rather than relying on second-hand accounts.
According to Johnson (2007:10) in observation, the researcher observes participants in natural and/or structured environments. It can be carried out in two types of environments,
laboratory observation , which is done in a lab set up by the
researcher, and naturalistic observation, which is done in real-world settings.
There are two important forms of observation: quantitative observation and qualitative observation.
a) Quantitative Observation
Quantitative observation involves standardization procedures, and it produces quantitative data.
1) The following can be standardized: - Who is observed.
- What is observed.
- When the observations are to take place.
- Where the observations are to take place.
- How the observations are to take place. Standardized instruments
2)
3) Sampling procedures
b) Qualitative Observation
Qualitative observation is exploratory and open- ended, and the researcher takes extensive field notes. The qualitative observer may take on four different roles that make up a continuum: 1) Complete participant (i.e., becoming a full member of the group and not informing the participants that you are studying them).
2) Participant-as-Observer (i.e., spending extensive time
"inside" and informing the participants that you are studying them).
3) Observer-as-Participant (i.e., spending a limited amount of time "inside" and informing them that you are studying them). Complete Observer (i.e., observing from the "outside" and
4) not informing that participants that you are studying them). In this research, the observation carried out in natural observations and in the form of qualitative observation. The writer become a complete participant in OneHallyu community. The content analysis after the printed contents of Celebrity News and Gossip forum in OneHallyu community is in simple level, according to content-analysis method by Kothari.
E. Method of Data Analysis
According to Cohen (2007:461) qualitative data analysis involves organizing, accounting for and explaining the data; in short, making sense of data in terms of the participants’ definitions of the situation, noting patterns, themes, categories and regularities. A grounded theory and content analysis will proceed through a systematic series of analyses, including coding and categorization, until theory emerges that explains the phenomena being studied or which can be used for predictive purposes.
According to Cohen (2007:475) content analysis simply defines the process of summarizing and reporting written data
- – the main contents of data and their messages. It defines a strict and systematic set of procedures for the rigorous analysis, examination and verification of the contents of written data (Flick 1998: 192; Mayring 2004:266).
According to Ezzy (2002: 83) in Cohen (2007:476) book, suggests that content analysis starts with a sample of texts (the units), defines the units of analysis (e.g. words, sentences) and the categories to be used for analysis, reviews the texts in order to code them and place them into categories, and then counts and logs the occurrences of words, codes and categories. From here, statistical analysis and quantitative methods are applied, leading to an interpretation of the results. Put simply, content analysis involves coding, categorizing (creating meaningful categories into which the units of analysis
- – words, phrases, sentences etc. – can be placed), comparing (categories and making links between them), and concluding
- – drawing theoretical conclusions from the text. The whole process of content analysis can follow eleven steps.
In this research, the writer use content analysis to analyze the collected data. The following steps are below:
1. The writer extract the sentence that already been collect by taken picture of each pages that contain interrogative sentence that the member posting.
2. There are two category of interrogative sentence that the writer intend to analyze, the writer use code A and B for each category that have been found. Then the writer divided the data according to the category of interrogative sentence.