Analisis Riwayat Waktu dan Respons Spekt

Earthquake Engineering

S o a l 1 : Pe m b u a t a n Re s p o n s S p e k t r u m
Buatlah suatu aplikasi dari prosedur pembuatan respons spektrum
dari strong motion record (rekaman getaran kuat) gempa-gempa
yang tersebut dibawah ini:






Gempa
Gempa
Gempa
Gempa
Gempa

El-Centro 18 Mei 1940
Loma Prieta 18 Oktober 1989
Northridge 18 Januari 1994

K o c a e l i ( Tu r k i ) 1 7 A g u s t u s 1 9 9 9
Ta i w a n 2 1 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 9 9

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

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Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

Solusi :
Pro s e d u r Pe m b u a t a n S p e k t r u m Re s p o n s
Akan diberikan garis besar prosedur pembuatan spektrum respons dari suatu
rekaman getaran tanah (ground motion record) time history percepatan.

 Langkah 1:
Menentukan model struktur SDOF
Sistem Massa

W = mg

(t)

Sistem Kekakuan

k

c

p(t)

k
Sistem Redaman

(a) Sistem Massa-Rangka/Portal
(kondisi initial)

Fixed
Support

dt
(b) Sistem Massa-Rangka/Portal
(kondisi terdeformasi akibat gaya luar

Gambar 1. Model Sistem SDOF

 Langkah 2:
Menyediakan data rekaman percepatan getaran tanah (ground motion record)

Gambar 2. Time history percepatan suatu gempa bumi

 Langkah 3:
Menentukan hubungan
kecepatan

kekakuan-deformasi

dan hubungan gaya redaman-

Gambar 3. Hubungan gaya redaman-kecepatan dan kekakuan-deformasi. Terdapat dua

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

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Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

pilihan dalam hubungan tersebut yaitu: linear (elastik) dan non-linear.

 Langkah 4:
Merumuskan persamaan gerakan sistem SDOF (osilator) dengan perioda getar
fundamental Tn dan rasio redaman  yang tertentu,sbb:
c
k
y (t ) 
y (t )  a (t )
m

m
y (t )  2  n y (t )   n2 y (t )  a (t )
y (t ) 

dimana:
n 

2
;
Tn

c
2  n ;
m

k
 n2
m

 Langkah 5:

Solusi persamaan diferensial gerak untuk mendapatkan nilai simpangan y(t)
pada perioda getar Tn dan rasio redaman  yang tertentu dengan pilihan
metoda-metoda integrasi numerik, sbb:
1. Metoda-metoda integrasi numerik,
 Metoda kecepatan konstan
 Metoda percepatan linear
 Metoda central difference
 Metoda -Newmark
- Formulasi linear elastik
- Formulasi linear incremental (in-elastik)
 Metoda Wilson-
2. Integrasi Duhamel
y (t ) 

1

d

a(t ) e

 t

sin  d (t   ) d

 Langkah 6:
Plot kurva displasemen-waktu atau buat kurva spektrum perpindahan. Tentukan
nilai maksimum absolut perpindahan untuk perioda fundamental dan rasio
redaman tertentu.
SD (, Tn) = maks | y(t) |

 Langkah 7:
Hitung percepatan spektra berdasar simpangan maksimum absolut SD yang
diperoleh, menggunakan rumus:
2

2
2
 SD
SA (, Tn) =  n SD = 




 Tn 

Plot spektra akselerasi yang diperoleh untuk peroda getar Tn dan
rasio redaman  yang tertentu.
 Langkah 8:
Karena spektra akselerasi yang diplot pada langkah 7 hanya merupakan suatu
spektrum percepatan tunggal (yaitu untuk perioda getar Tn tertentu dan rasio
redaman x), maka spektra akselerasi untuk perioda fundamental struktur lainnya
harus dikerjakan mulai Langkah 3. Jadi prosedur pembuatan respons spektrum

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Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

percepatan ini harus diulangi sebanyak n perioda getar (sejumlah yang
diperlukan) pada suatu rasio redaman  yang sama.
Pro g r a m A p l i ka s i S p e k t r u m Re s p o n s

 NUVIB Version 1.01 (Northwestern University
Vibration Analysis Program
 SeismoSignal Version 3.1.0
1. Gempa Elcentro 1940, komponen NS
Rekaman Getaran Tanah Gempa Elcentro
PGA
V MAKS

= 0.3194 g (g = 9.81 m/s^2)
= 49.354 m/s

ZONA
PERIODE GETARAN KUAT
LOKASI ACCELEROMETER
LOKASI EPISENTRAL

JARAK EPISENTRAL
JENIS BATUAN/TANAH
INTENSITAS
MMI

= Intermediate A/V Records, 0.8g < A/V < 1.2g (m/s)
= 11 Detik (Program Seismosignal)
= Imperial Valley, California
= El Centro
= 8.0 km
= ROCK/STIFF SOIL
= 6.6 RICHTER
=X

Tabel 1. Strong Motion Record Gempa Elcentro 1940, komponen NS
0.00000
.16100
.29100
.42900
.62300

.72010
.87200
.94110
1.06610
1.31500
1.44000
1.53700
1.80000
2.00700
2.32000
2.51900
2.70800
2.97600
3.21200
3.41900
3.66800
3.90400
4.10600
4.41600
4.66500
4.97000
5.19900
5.33000
5.51000
5.77300
5.86900
5.98000
6.13200
6.18810
6.32600
6.40900
6.52000
6.57500

.01080
-.00010
.00590
-.02370
.00940
-.02560
-.02320
-.06030
-.03810
-.16960
-.09450
-.12800
.14280
-.31940
-.29840
-.04690
.10870
-.08030
.00650
-.09370
.03650
-.18330
.02160
.14600
-.20450
.17790
.02670
.10890
-.10210
-.02420
-.05730
.01080
.00140
-.02000
-.00580
.02000
.00430
-.00170

.04200 .00100 .09700 .01590
.22100 .01890 .26300 .00010
.33200 -.00120 .37400 .02000
.47100 .00760 .58100 .04250
.66500 .01380 .72000 -.00880
.78900 -.03870 .78910 -.05680
.87210 -.03430 .94100 -.04020
.99700 -.07890 1.06600 -.06660
1.09400 -.04290 1.16800 .08970
1.38400 -.08280 1.41200 -.08280
1.48100 -.08850 1.50900 -.10800
1.62800 .11440 1.70300 .23550
1.85500 .17770 1.92400 -.26100
2.21500 .29520 2.27000 .26340
2.39500 .00540 2.45000 .28650
2.57500 .15160 2.65200 .20770
2.76900 -.03250 2.89300 .10330
3.06800 .05200 3.12900 -.15470
3.25300 -.20600 3.38600 .19270
3.53000 .17080 3.59900 -.03590
3.73800 -.07360 3.83500 .03110
4.01400 .02270 4.05600 -.04350
4.22200 -.19720 4.31400 -.17620
4.47100 -.00470 4.61800 .25720
4.75600 .06080 4.83100 -.27330
5.03900 .03010 5.10800 .21830
5.23300 .12520 5.30200 .12900
5.34300 -.02390 5.45400 .17230
5.60600 .01410 5.69000 -.19490
5.80000 -.00500 5.80900 -.02750
5.88300 -.03270 5.92500 .02160
6.01300 .02350 6.08500 -.06650
6.17400 .04930 6.18800 .01490
6.22900 -.03810 6.27900 .02070
6.36800 -.06030 6.38200 -.01620
6.45900 -.01760 6.47800 -.00330
6.53400 -.00400 6.56200 -.00990
6.60300 -.01700 6.64500 .03730

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

6.68600
6.76900
6.85200
7.07400
7.14900
7.29500
7.42500
7.57200
7.66900
7.79400
7.96000
8.07000
8.19500
8.33400
8.53300
8.73500
8.88200
9.05300
9.15000
9.42700
9.63500
9.89800
10.02200
10.10500
10.27200
10.45200
10.53400
10.71400
10.92200
10.99100
11.11600
11.22700
11.43400
11.72500
11.80800
11.98800

4

.04570 6.71400 .03850 6.72800 .00090
-.02880 6.76910 .00160 6.81100 .01130
.00220 6.90800 .00920 6.99100 -.09960
.03600 7.12100 .00780 7.14300 -.02770
.00260 7.17100 .02720 7.22600 .05760
-.04920 7.37000 .02970 7.40600 .01090
.01860 7.46100 -.02530 7.52500 -.03470
.00360 7.60000 -.06280 7.64100 -.02800
-.01960 7.69100 .00680 7.75200 -.00540
-.06030 7.83500 -.03570 7.87700 -.07160
-.01400 7.98700 -.00560 8.00100 .02220
.04680 8.12600 .02600 8.12610 -.03350
-.01280 8.22300 .06610 8.27800 .03050
.02460 8.40300 .03470 8.45800 -.03690
-.03440 8.59600 -.01040 8.63800 -.02600
.15340 8.81800 -.00280 8.86000 .02330
-.02610 8.91500 -.00220 8.95600 -.18490
.12600 9.09500 .03200 9.12300 .09550
.12460 9.25300 -.03280 9.28900 -.04510
.13010 9.44100 -.16570 9.51000 .04190
-.09360 9.70400 .08160 9.81500 -.08810
.00640 9.93900 -.00060 9.99500 .05860
-.07130 10.05000 -.04480 10.05010 -.02210
.00930 10.10510 .00240 10.18800 .05100
-.12430 10.38200 .05870 10.42400 .01330
.03860 10.46500 .11640 10.50700 -.03740
-.05720 10.64500 .03080 10.70100 .02230
.05150 10.77000 .09030 10.83900 -.01940
.04710 10.92210 -.06770 10.96400 -.07940
-.01200 11.07400 .06080 11.08800 -.02690
-.04160 11.20700 .02930 11.20710 .05520
.07560 11.26800 .04310 11.32400 .02080
.11800 11.57300 -.09990 11.65600 -.12470
-.20940 11.72510 -.14180 11.78000 -.11630
0.00000 11.87700 .07620 11.91900 .05700
.13540 12.04300 .06730 12.11300 .08650

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

Gambar 3. Plot Time History Percepatan Gempa El-Centro 1940

Gambar 4. Plot nilai-nilai puncak spektrum respons percepatan El-Centro 1940
untuk perioda fundamental struktur Tn = 0 - 4 detik, dan redaman 5%.

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

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Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

2. Gempa Loma Prieta 18 Oktober 1989
Rekaman Getaran Tanah Gempa Loma Prieta
PGA
V MAKS

= 0.2498 g (g = 9.81 m/s^2)
= 43.296 m/s

PERIODE GETARAN KUAT
LOKASI ACCELEROMETER
JARAK EPISENTRAL
LOKASI EPISENTRAL
MAGNITUDE

= 20.53 Detik
= Emeryville, California
= 80 km
= San Andreas Fault (Santa Cruz Mountain)
= 7.1 Ms

Tabel 2. Strong Motion Record Gempa Loma Prieta 1989 (t diambil selama 12.72 detik)
0
0
1.23
-0.0014
1.85
0.0022
0.61 0.0027
2.47
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5

0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6

-0.0035
-0.0088
-0.0121
-0.0103
-0.0064
-0.0047
-0.0059
-0.0075
-0.009
-0.0103
-0.0094
-0.0047
0.0014
0.0051
0.0058
0.005
0.0043
0.0049
0.0078
0.0111
0.0107
0.0052
-0.0017
-0.0048
-0.0029
0.002
0.0076
0.0114
0.011
0.0059
-0.0007
-0.0045
-0.0033
0.0012
0.0047
0.0043
0.0006
-0.003
-0.0044
-0.004
-0.0028
-0.0017
-0.0019
-0.0046
-0.0078
-0.0074
-0.0025
0.0037
0.0074
0.0083

0.0085
0.0085
0.0076
0.0059
0.0052
0.0064
0.008
0.0078
0.0061
0.0042

0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.1
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.2
1.21
1.22

0.0016
0.0008
0.0008
0.0016
0.0026
0.0038
0.0046
0.0036
0.0006
-0.002
-0.0016
0.0006
0.0015
0.0007
0.0002
0.0005
-0.0001
-0.0023
-0.0057
-0.0097
-0.0132
-0.0148
-0.0136
-0.0112
-0.0091
-0.0072
-0.0057
-0.0062
-0.0085
-0.0089
-0.0057
-0.0016
0
-0.0008
-0.0022
-0.0039
-0.0059
-0.006
-0.003
0.0007
0.0019
0.0005
-0.0005
0
0.0009
0.001
0.0006
0.0001
0.0002
0.0014
0.0039
0.0064
0.007
0.0057
0.0042
0.004
0.005
0.0066
0.0077
0.0066
0.003

1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.3
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.4
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.5
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.6
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.7
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.8
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

-0.0044
-0.0049
-0.0031
-0.0001
0.0019
0.0014
-0.0009
-0.0023
-0.0007
0.0041
0.0099
0.0131
0.0115
0.0074
0.0049
0.0052
0.0063
0.0066
0.0063
0.0056
0.0044
0.0026
0.0007
-0.0009
-0.0013
-0.0002
0.0018
0.0032
0.0037
0.0034
0.003
0.004
0.0065
0.0083
0.007
0.0034
0.0006
0.0002
0.0012
0.0025
0.0037
0.0038
0.0019
-0.0008
-0.0024
-0.0021
-0.001
-0.0009
-0.0025
-0.0062
-0.0115
-0.0174
-0.0213
-0.0201
-0.0136
-0.0061
-0.0029
-0.0047
-0.0079
-0.0085
-0.005

6

1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.9
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.1
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.2
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.3
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.4
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46

0.0107
0.016
0.0145
0.0076
0.0004
-0.0021
0.0008
0.006
0.0084
0.0047
-0.0044
-0.014
-0.0196
-0.0205
-0.0199
-0.0213
-0.0253
-0.0305
-0.0344
-0.0352
-0.0325
-0.0278
-0.024
-0.0234
-0.0254
-0.0266
-0.0237
-0.0165
-0.0085
-0.0035
-0.0028
-0.0048
-0.0071
-0.0073
-0.003
0.0067
0.0193
0.0299
0.0353
0.0367
0.0383
0.0428
0.0484
0.0516
0.0511
0.0484
0.0455
0.0422
0.0373
0.0313
0.026
0.0213
0.0141
0.002
-0.0132
-0.027
-0.0374
-0.0451
-0.0511
-0.0552
-0.0575

2.48
2.49
2.5
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.6
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.7
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.8
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.9
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07

-0.0587
-0.0588
-0.0564
-0.0498
-0.0392
-0.0273
-0.0175
-0.0106
-0.0057
-0.0015
0.0023
0.0061
0.0111
0.017
0.0211
0.0213
0.0179
0.0124
0.006
-0.0004
-0.005
-0.0063
-0.0046
-0.0018
0.0007
0.0029
0.0048
0.0064
0.0088
0.0136
0.0197
0.0242
0.0262
0.0275
0.0293
0.0305
0.0313
0.0339
0.0394
0.0454
0.0493
0.0518
0.0543
0.0566
0.0574
0.0578
0.0596
0.0622
0.0622
0.0581
0.0523
0.0477
0.0438
0.0383
0.0301
0.0203
0.0105
0.0011
-0.0079
-0.0168
-0.0251

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

3.08
3.09
3.1
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.2
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.3
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.4
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.5
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.6
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.7
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.8

-0.0317
-0.036
-0.0393
-0.0429
-0.0472
-0.0509
-0.0532
-0.0538
-0.0525
-0.0495
-0.0454
-0.0413
-0.0381
-0.0363
-0.0352
-0.0329
-0.0282
-0.0222
-0.0167
-0.0121
-0.0064
0.0013
0.0092
0.0152
0.0191
0.0222
0.0256
0.0285
0.0307
0.033
0.0362
0.0395
0.0423
0.0454
0.0499
0.0548
0.0565
0.0528
0.0452
0.0372
0.0307
0.0253
0.0205
0.0165
0.0125
0.0063
-0.0031
-0.0128
-0.0188
-0.0203
-0.0191
-0.0156
-0.0099
-0.0048
-0.004
-0.007
-0.0087
-0.0065
-0.0035
-0.0032
-0.0046
-0.0052
-0.0042
-0.0019
0.0015
0.0036
0.0007
-0.0077
-0.0173
-0.0238
-0.0266
-0.0275
-0.0277

5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
5.09
5.1
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.2
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.3
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.4
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.5
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.6
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.67
5.68
5.69
5.7
5.71
5.72
5.73

-0.0914
-0.1003
-0.1082
-0.115
-0.1212
-0.1262
-0.129
-0.13
-0.1314
-0.1348
-0.1404
-0.1476
-0.1554
-0.1624
-0.1673
-0.1708
-0.1744
-0.1771
-0.1784
-0.1809
-0.1861
-0.1906
-0.192
-0.193
-0.195
-0.1957
-0.1968
-0.2032
-0.2058
-0.1829
-0.1301
-0.0733
-0.0377
-0.02
-0.0031
0.0182
0.0391
0.0595
0.082
0.1036
0.12
0.1326
0.1438
0.1531
0.1598
0.1658
0.1724
0.178
0.1798
0.1798
0.1843
0.1962
0.2108
0.2234
0.2368
0.2498
0.2479
0.2186
0.1728
0.1347
0.1136
0.1002
0.0883
0.0819
0.0835
0.0894
0.0972
0.108
0.1202
0.1296
0.1362
0.1434
0.152

6.94
6.95
6.96
6.97
6.98
6.99
7
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.1
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.2
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
7.3
7.31
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.4
7.41
7.42
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.49
7.5
7.51
7.52
7.53
7.54
7.55
7.56
7.57
7.58
7.59
7.6
7.61
7.62
7.63
7.64
7.65
7.66

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

0.2148
0.2185
0.2251
0.2322
0.235
0.2307
0.2201
0.2071
0.1948
0.1845
0.1757
0.1687
0.165
0.1654
0.1681
0.1705
0.1701
0.1639
0.1487
0.1233
0.092
0.0634
0.0442
0.0342
0.0278
0.0208
0.0132
0.0066
0.0014
-0.0038
-0.0106
-0.0194
-0.0284
-0.0353
-0.0392
-0.0404
-0.0398
-0.037
-0.0309
-0.0191
-0.0006
0.0221
0.0432
0.0576
0.0642
0.065
0.0629
0.0605
0.0584
0.0548
0.0479
0.039
0.0313
0.0263
0.0224
0.0182
0.0137
0.0091
0.0047
0.0006
-0.0039
-0.009
-0.0136
-0.016
-0.0163
-0.0162
-0.0161
-0.0152
-0.014
-0.014
-0.016
-0.0192
-0.0228

7

8.87
8.88
8.89
8.9
8.91
8.92
8.93
8.94
8.95
8.96
8.97
8.98
8.99
9
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.1
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19
9.2
9.21
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.3
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
9.38
9.39
9.4
9.41
9.42
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
9.49
9.5
9.51
9.52
9.53
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59

0.0765
0.0728
0.067
0.0593
0.0532
0.0511
0.0503
0.0467
0.0404
0.0341
0.0292
0.0255
0.0221
0.0183
0.0137
0.0085
0.0042
0.0014
-0.0011
-0.004
-0.0075
-0.0116
-0.017
-0.024
-0.0312
-0.0372
-0.0418
-0.0463
-0.0516
-0.0569
-0.061
-0.0629
-0.0634
-0.0641
-0.0664
-0.0702
-0.0744
-0.0773
-0.0778
-0.0766
-0.0756
-0.0757
-0.0753
-0.0722
-0.0671
-0.0628
-0.0609
-0.0602
-0.0589
-0.0561
-0.0524
-0.0493
-0.0489
-0.0513
-0.0547
-0.0565
-0.0565
-0.0556
-0.055
-0.0554
-0.0567
-0.0579
-0.058
-0.0567
-0.0541
-0.0509
-0.0477
-0.0446
-0.0417
-0.0393
-0.0373
-0.0344
-0.0295

10.8
10.81
10.82
10.83
10.84
10.85
10.86
10.87
10.88
10.89
10.9
10.91
10.92
10.93
10.94
10.95
10.96
10.97
10.98
10.99
11
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
11.1
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.2
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
11.3
11.31
11.32
11.33
11.34
11.35
11.36
11.37
11.38
11.39
11.4
11.41
11.42
11.43
11.44
11.45
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.5
11.51
11.52

-0.0166
-0.0137
-0.0104
-0.008
-0.007
-0.0059
-0.0029
0.0023
0.0076
0.011
0.0116
0.0105
0.0089
0.0077
0.0076
0.0093
0.0116
0.0125
0.0113
0.0093
0.0074
0.0048
0.0009
-0.0032
-0.0062
-0.0085
-0.0112
-0.0146
-0.0183
-0.0219
-0.0253
-0.0289
-0.0331
-0.0381
-0.0429
-0.0462
-0.0478
-0.0488
-0.0496
-0.0493
-0.0473
-0.0444
-0.0414
-0.0382
-0.0346
-0.0313
-0.0292
-0.0281
-0.027
-0.0262
-0.0264
-0.0278
-0.0297
-0.0312
-0.0323
-0.0331
-0.0333
-0.0322
-0.0294
-0.0253
-0.0212
-0.0178
-0.0147
-0.0109
-0.0064
-0.0024
0.0002
0.0014
0.002
0.0026
0.0043
0.0073
0.0108

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89
3.9
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99
4
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.1
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.2
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.3
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
4.4
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
4.46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4.5
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
4.56

-0.0288
-0.0333
-0.0416
-0.0512
-0.0588
-0.062
-0.0601
-0.054
-0.0465
-0.0406
-0.0364
-0.0315
-0.0241
-0.0149
-0.0049
0.005
0.0127
0.0164
0.0173
0.0184
0.0213
0.0254
0.0299
0.0352
0.041
0.0453
0.0465
0.0453
0.0441
0.0442
0.0452
0.0463
0.0471
0.0473
0.046
0.043
0.0387
0.0335
0.0259
0.0145
0.0005
-0.0132
-0.0257
-0.0393
-0.0554
-0.0712
-0.0822
-0.0872
-0.0892
-0.0921
-0.096
-0.0983
-0.0979
-0.0965
-0.0957
-0.0932
-0.0844
-0.0673
-0.0445
-0.0196
0.0038
0.0231
0.0372
0.0483
0.059
0.0685
0.0739
0.0749
0.0741
0.0718
0.0638
0.0471
0.024
0.0005
-0.0186
-0.0324

5.74
5.75
5.76
5.77
5.78
5.79
5.8
5.81
5.82
5.83
5.84
5.85
5.86
5.87
5.88
5.89
5.9
5.91
5.92
5.93
5.94
5.95
5.96
5.97
5.98
5.99
6
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.1
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.2
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.3
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.4
6.41
6.42
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49

0.1593
0.1639
0.1666
0.1678
0.1656
0.1591
0.1518
0.1471
0.1427
0.133
0.1178
0.1042
0.0977
0.0958
0.0933
0.0877
0.0798
0.0717
0.0659
0.0626
0.0588
0.0515
0.041
0.0298
0.0196
0.0103
0.0018
-0.0063
-0.0143
-0.0211
-0.0254
-0.0287
-0.0345
-0.0442
-0.0553
-0.063
-0.0653
-0.0653
-0.0681
-0.0752
-0.0834
-0.0913
-0.1019
-0.1182
-0.1374
-0.1554
-0.1726
-0.1907
-0.2068
-0.2156
-0.218
-0.2212
-0.2305
-0.2425
-0.2472
-0.2372
-0.2137
-0.1821
-0.1465
-0.1107
-0.0823
-0.0688
-0.0683
-0.071
-0.0719
-0.0756
-0.0861
-0.0997
-0.1108
-0.1182
-0.1239
-0.128
-0.13
-0.1292
-0.1244
-0.114

7.67
7.68
7.69
7.7
7.71
7.72
7.73
7.74
7.75
7.76
7.77
7.78
7.79
7.8
7.81
7.82
7.83
7.84
7.85
7.86
7.87
7.88
7.89
7.9
7.91
7.92
7.93
7.94
7.95
7.96
7.97
7.98
7.99
8
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
8.09
8.1
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.2
8.21
8.22
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.3
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
8.36
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.4
8.41
8.42

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

-0.0271
-0.0321
-0.037
-0.0416
-0.0451
-0.0466
-0.0472
-0.0499
-0.0555
-0.0611
-0.0641
-0.0649
-0.0651
-0.0653
-0.0663
-0.0693
-0.0732
-0.0756
-0.0758
-0.0752
-0.0747
-0.0734
-0.0711
-0.0688
-0.0666
-0.0641
-0.0607
-0.0567
-0.0528
-0.0502
-0.0496
-0.0499
-0.0496
-0.0496
-0.0512
-0.0538
-0.0555
-0.0564
-0.0584
-0.0619
-0.0656
-0.0684
-0.0707
-0.0729
-0.0752
-0.0774
-0.0789
-0.0786
-0.0757
-0.0711
-0.0665
-0.0637
-0.0631
-0.0639
-0.064
-0.0618
-0.058
-0.0548
-0.0533
-0.052
-0.0489
-0.0445
-0.0403
-0.0363
-0.032
-0.0275
-0.0233
-0.0191
-0.0144
-0.009
-0.0031
0.003
0.0081
0.0107
0.0114
0.0123

8

9.6
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.65
9.66
9.67
9.68
9.69
9.7
9.71
9.72
9.73
9.74
9.75
9.76
9.77
9.78
9.79
9.8
9.81
9.82
9.83
9.84
9.85
9.86
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.9
9.91
9.92
9.93
9.94
9.95
9.96
9.97
9.98
9.99
10
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
10.05
10.06
10.07
10.08
10.09
10.1
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.2
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.3
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35

-0.0255
-0.0255
-0.0265
-0.0227
-0.0144
-0.0087
-0.0089
-0.011
-0.0115
-0.0127
-0.0167
-0.0217
-0.0253
-0.0283
-0.0316
-0.0345
-0.0358
-0.0361
-0.0361
-0.0356
-0.0336
-0.0302
-0.0258
-0.0208
-0.0153
-0.0095
-0.004
0.0007
0.0054
0.0112
0.0179
0.0237
0.0276
0.0304
0.0338
0.0382
0.043
0.0477
0.0515
0.054
0.0562
0.0597
0.0651
0.0713
0.0774
0.0842
0.0921
0.0999
0.1057
0.1089
0.1098
0.1094
0.1093
0.11
0.1103
0.109
0.1059
0.1009
0.0926
0.0816
0.0709
0.0625
0.0548
0.0462
0.0373
0.0295
0.0231
0.0176
0.0133
0.0113
0.0114
0.013
0.0152
0.0173
0.0185
0.0187

11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.6
11.61
11.62
11.63
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
11.68
11.69
11.7
11.71
11.72
11.73
11.74
11.75
11.76
11.77
11.78
11.79
11.8
11.81
11.82
11.83
11.84
11.85
11.86
11.87
11.88
11.89
11.9
11.91
11.92
11.93
11.94
11.95
11.96
11.97
11.98
11.99
12
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
12.08
12.09
12.1
12.11
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.15
12.16
12.17
12.18
12.19
12.2
12.21
12.22
12.23
12.24
12.25
12.26
12.27
12.28

0.0136
0.0146
0.0143
0.014
0.0147
0.0157
0.0155
0.0138
0.0118
0.0105
0.0096
0.0084
0.0069
0.0053
0.0041
0.0037
0.0041
0.0049
0.0062
0.0087
0.0125
0.0163
0.0193
0.0226
0.0271
0.0324
0.0371
0.0404
0.0424
0.0434
0.0438
0.0441
0.0446
0.0452
0.0458
0.0456
0.0444
0.0425
0.0408
0.0394
0.0381
0.0367
0.035
0.0319
0.0269
0.0217
0.0183
0.0171
0.0169
0.0161
0.0142
0.0118
0.01
0.0096
0.0106
0.0122
0.0134
0.0137
0.013
0.0123
0.0121
0.0125
0.0128
0.0126
0.012
0.0113
0.0106
0.0101
0.0095
0.0085
0.0064
0.0032
-0.0004
-0.0033
-0.0058
-0.0089

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.6
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.7
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
4.77
4.78
4.79
4.8
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
4.88
4.89
4.9
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.95
4.96
4.97
4.98
4.99
5

-0.0416
-0.0473
-0.0494
-0.0481
-0.0447
-0.0401
-0.0342
-0.0256
-0.0142
-0.0007
0.0154
0.0345
0.0528
0.0635
0.063
0.0554
0.0473
0.0421
0.0402
0.0414
0.0456
0.0509
0.0551
0.0577
0.0605
0.0642
0.067
0.0666
0.063
0.0587
0.0561
0.0555
0.0555
0.0537
0.0463
0.0296
0.0044
-0.0224
-0.043
-0.055
-0.0618
-0.0676
-0.0743
-0.0824

6.5
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
6.56
6.57
6.58
6.59
6.6
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.69
6.7
6.71
6.72
6.73
6.74
6.75
6.76
6.77
6.78
6.79
6.8
6.81
6.82
6.83
6.84
6.85
6.86
6.87
6.88
6.89
6.9
6.91
6.92
6.93

-0.0991
-0.0841
-0.0721
-0.0629
-0.0551
-0.0485
-0.0438
-0.0405
-0.0382
-0.037
-0.0374
-0.0396
-0.042
-0.0425
-0.0398
-0.0344
-0.0283
-0.0236
-0.0209
-0.0202
-0.0205
-0.0204
-0.0185
-0.0149
-0.0116
-0.0109
-0.0137
-0.0184
-0.022
-0.0215
-0.0171
-0.0127
-0.0106
-0.0079
0.001
0.017
0.0364
0.0563
0.0794
0.1093
0.1446
0.1775
0.2003
0.211

8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
8.47
8.48
8.49
8.5
8.51
8.52
8.53
8.54
8.55
8.56
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.6
8.61
8.62
8.63
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.67
8.68
8.69
8.7
8.71
8.72
8.73
8.74
8.75
8.76
8.77
8.78
8.79
8.8
8.81
8.82
8.83
8.84
8.85
8.86

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.

0.0141
0.0162
0.0179
0.0196
0.0221
0.0259
0.031
0.0366
0.0409
0.0436
0.0461
0.0496
0.0544
0.0597
0.0644
0.0675
0.0696
0.0718
0.074
0.075
0.0756
0.0774
0.0795
0.0794
0.0774
0.0765
0.0775
0.0771
0.0742
0.0714
0.0712
0.0725
0.0741
0.077
0.0822
0.0886
0.0943
0.0977
0.0973
0.0935
0.0888
0.0855
0.0829
0.0799

9

10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.4
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
10.45
10.46
10.47
10.48
10.49
10.5
10.51
10.52
10.53
10.54
10.55
10.56
10.57
10.58
10.59
10.6
10.61
10.62
10.63
10.64
10.65
10.66
10.67
10.68
10.69
10.7
10.71
10.72
10.73
10.74
10.75
10.76
10.77
10.78
10.79

0.0189
0.0205
0.023
0.0242
0.0229
0.0201
0.0169
0.0133
0.0091
0.0054
0.0029
0
-0.0039
-0.0073
-0.0088
-0.0093
-0.0102
-0.0113
-0.0122
-0.0131
-0.0144
-0.0158
-0.017
-0.0186
-0.021
-0.0235
-0.0252
-0.0267
-0.0287
-0.0315
-0.0341
-0.0353
-0.0353
-0.035
-0.0349
-0.0349
-0.0338
-0.031
-0.0273
-0.024
-0.0219
-0.0205
-0.0194
-0.0184

12.29
12.3
12.31
12.32
12.33
12.34
12.35
12.36
12.37
12.38
12.39
12.4
12.41
12.42
12.43
12.44
12.45
12.46
12.47
12.48
12.49
12.5
12.51
12.52
12.53
12.54
12.55
12.56
12.57
12.58
12.59
12.6
12.61
12.62
12.63
12.64
12.65
12.66
12.67
12.68
12.69
12.7
12.71
12.72

-0.0125
-0.0162
-0.0195
-0.0226
-0.0257
-0.0288
-0.0318
-0.0344
-0.0368
-0.0396
-0.043
-0.0462
-0.0482
-0.0495
-0.0511
-0.0537
-0.0566
-0.0587
-0.0596
-0.0598
-0.0602
-0.0612
-0.0618
-0.0614
-0.0605
-0.0601
-0.0604
-0.0609
-0.0614
-0.0615
-0.0609
-0.0594
-0.0573
-0.0554
-0.0538
-0.052
-0.0494
-0.0467
-0.0443
-0.041
-0.036
-0.0305
-0.0272
-0.026

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman, 2005

Earthquake Engineering

Gambar 5. Plot Time History Percepatan Gempa Loma Prieta 18 Oktober 1989

Gambar 6. Plot nilai-nilai puncak spektrum respons percepatan Loma Prieta 1989
untuk perioda fundamental struktur Tn = 0 - 4 detik, dan redaman 5%.

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

10

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering

3. Gempa Northridge 18 Januari 1994, komponen

NS
Rekaman Getaran Tanah Gempa Northridge
PGA
V MAKS

= 0.843 g atau 8.27 m/s2 (g = 9.81 m/s2)
= 128.88 m/s

ZONA
PERIODE GETARAN KUAT
LOKASI ACCELEROMETER
LOKASI EPISENTRAL
JARAK EPISENTRAL
JENIS BATUAN/TANAH
INTENSITAS
MMI

= High A/V Records, A/V > 1.2g (m/s)
= 20 detik (60 detik total)
= Sylmar County Hospital Parking, California
= Northridge
= 15.0 km
= ROCK/STIFF SOIL
= 6.7 Mw
=X

Tabel 3. Strong Motion Record Gempa Northridge 1994 (T = 20 detik)
(1000 poin data akselerasi dengan t = 0.020 detik. Unit: cm/s2)

6.113
7.844
4.508
-2.107
8.086
34.773
-6.669
-37.272
-25.406
34.688
49.757
26.447
-17.704
37.193
15.170
-26.619
-1.821
34.993
-3.540
1.188
27.004
-223.008
-378.771
-435.599
664.793
-501.667
626.960
372.429
115.329
-43.111
99.383
-190.385
39.117
-189.562
131.339
1.847
-9.612
24.670
-159.104
185.490
-93.802
74.813
-211.013
-43.598
228.230
119.194
68.068
-68.632
-232.408
190.793
-281.077
-193.022
14.617
111.301
-79.396
181.191
-35.701

5.105
-.760
.356
5.400
9.236
7.988
-41.919
-31.268
-15.662
28.409
11.808
8.625
-51.827
58.140
68.052
-35.701
3.080
-40.017
15.073
39.161
37.510
-262.912
-384.207
-335.904
613.581
-409.901
823.811
275.212
168.102
-87.228
37.870
-243.180
44.857
-171.208
34.314
-9.922
55.758
16.816
-166.394
182.821
-114.340
63.418
-57.458
-9.870
188.676
85.792
31.645
-102.263
-167.463
44.942
-267.955
-151.105
26.296
36.482
-32.444
176.254
-44.259

3.954
-9.752
5.636
6.131
34.841
-24.037
-2.625
-26.551
3.160
1.272
-18.391
-13.613
-38.423
11.943
10.037
-75.599
-49.315
-42.588
55.788
39.445
6.264
-298.839
-408.722
-126.397
574.459
-360.974
826.760
4.653
236.912
-133.919
23.810
-269.044
23.060
-77.068
-12.075
-71.046
86.985
-9.646
-166.475
138.015
-121.376
32.278
73.642
41.109
157.329
67.866
.169
-112.572
-4.273
-83.069
-236.210
-97.646
77.937
-10.841
38.938
156.714
-52.848

2.657
-7.167
11.902
2.199
25.399
-7.178
31.525
-15.631
3.377
-43.288
35.747
-1.234
10.621
-2.939
-59.366
-78.536
-58.718
9.839
59.737
-5.082
-27.336
-327.393
-455.766
106.590
501.587
-264.840
653.667
-235.196
238.009
-164.040
-32.733
-276.767
-18.380
-5.833
-35.177
-130.027
80.850
-69.534
-152.580
94.673
-92.687
-20.480
152.951
104.991
154.966
101.832
15.365
-119.324
152.079
-174.430
-230.343
-53.522
113.556
-39.164
112.762
123.497
-66.438

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

3.071
2.291
6.768
-10.356
-2.579
10.413
23.771
30.517
10.586
-35.318
58.350
10.583
49.829
36.849
6.661
16.405
-22.295
-14.902
42.211
.541
-69.309
-339.799
-484.871
311.690
546.232
-52.114
556.615
-288.831
99.982
-56.417
-85.041
-264.101
-71.103
25.928
-71.483
-158.125
79.355
-105.157
-126.625
49.459
-28.740
-85.038
172.326
157.585
167.870
146.159
59.339
-138.466
265.125
-198.872
-219.080
-15.643
118.890
-70.899
151.336
84.452
-73.643

11

8.682
.576
-12.091
-22.498
-17.952
13.221
17.933
46.866
25.329
-29.492
21.497
3.197
9.619
44.829
110.413
83.563
15.756
-41.273
42.039
8.995
-114.516
-349.770
-472.495
463.747
198.494
201.178
541.587
-212.496
-16.424
108.755
-100.750
-239.257
-106.747
35.548
-147.077
-112.241
83.794
-100.840
-61.657
9.701
25.689
-163.147
137.971
208.911
168.583
137.786
77.400
-172.656
325.623
-210.894
-189.320
16.018
123.458
-97.525
161.549
44.406
-63.284

14.014
-1.137
-12.023
-17.031
-27.317
14.901
13.864
52.409
31.742
4.319
-12.912
-29.503
-51.075
-2.068
127.893
70.584
22.895
-42.733
68.920
-7.253
-157.278
-351.478
-456.005
560.469
-439.449
376.752
479.404
-58.487
-35.142
180.484
-114.259
-147.757
-150.292
56.090
-117.210
-65.672
88.020
-108.480
44.554
-33.333
61.785
-234.882
55.436
242.637
142.814
102.936
49.103
-201.250
336.971
-228.918
-182.316
39.921
138.368
-105.640
166.743
1.035
-39.976

14.220
4.324
-.306
2.339
.197
23.160
-14.178
31.029
39.732
28.865
25.147
-27.372
-20.617
-49.972
36.658
8.767
54.185
-17.434
18.832
-1.045
-184.508
-364.538
-451.391
647.873
-578.034
461.041
407.632
42.930
-29.137
186.501
-138.862
-20.725
-169.500
134.327
-27.432
-45.804
48.001
-135.722
135.872
-66.958
72.830
-278.670
-22.757
245.543
126.694
87.832
-12.821
-217.953
310.868
-263.116
-193.773
37.747
151.626
-104.003
176.889
-25.389
-27.945

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering
-19.698
10.023
-29.053
80.405
-45.181
-64.344
-29.156
60.390
-55.897
47.129
-30.591
94.261
-35.613
85.730
-52.987
-18.058
-15.216
34.480
66.131
9.218
-86.062
34.886
18.794
-47.672
-5.871
-22.757
-23.568
17.089
38.757
44.845
-29.078
2.523
-12.436
15.965
-20.548
-10.151
-14.141
34.059
-38.033
-.248
1.317
10.451
-19.220
19.577
-21.578
-29.842
25.368
26.901
-16.957
-2.966
9.984
-12.540
21.003
-6.751
.249
3.641
12.085
-19.567
-2.554
12.805
-8.591
31.584
15.731
-8.360
-8.583
7.182
.038

-5.766
6.124
-52.154
83.560
-51.374
-61.454
-40.405
78.118
-14.212
47.328
-49.000
116.965
-82.840
80.838
-33.373
-23.859
-7.159
48.940
54.544
5.847
-43.366
21.729
17.032
-45.782
-27.910
-14.812
-7.906
18.832
49.379
39.536
-46.885
6.131
-15.611
9.474
-22.287
-12.064
-5.131
22.482
-32.762
7.518
5.174
5.144
-12.850
23.302
-16.632
-31.043
22.683
28.321
-24.884
6.482
6.200
-10.410
28.684
-14.492
1.580
2.231
8.421
-17.097
-4.673
13.175
-7.667
33.754
10.690
-13.096
-4.740
4.289
-1.462

6.609
8.278
-58.092
67.487
-67.172
-60.036
-58.141
80.804
8.059
40.790
-69.193
123.603
-103.879
44.670
-23.299
-17.994
1.154
53.548
39.645
-5.487
-.770
12.144
10.271
-21.990
-45.788
-14.686
1.770
8.024
47.311
26.390
-56.871
17.667
-2.572
.354
-17.212
-10.099
5.940
5.290
-20.371
17.396
10.335
8.742
-2.552
26.653
-6.181
-30.948
17.175
30.331
-29.508
13.007
6.865
-8.746
34.156
-21.614
-3.531
-2.572
3.945
-7.561
-10.056
4.115
-4.435
30.838
5.720
-17.517
-1.926
3.670
-3.487

7.895
31.891
-57.758
34.342
-86.604
-41.691
-69.096
55.145
17.020
32.100
-78.316
105.901
-103.266
-9.775
-19.598
-13.887
3.352
61.015
30.679
-27.743
16.643
3.998
2.803
-2.102
-52.243
-23.902
-3.781
-5.671
44.521
11.887
-55.672
29.813
13.832
-7.601
-10.722
-8.725
22.406
-12.024
-3.759
24.226
15.583
11.029
3.971
25.984
5.258
-28.699
14.898
29.567
-34.280
12.933
4.864
-6.563
34.698
-27.232
-7.917
-8.545
4.890
1.966
-17.410
-8.243
1.561
24.133
3.835
-23.087
-2.019
.900
-5.051

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

12

-2.739
60.648
-63.416
22.606
-90.726
-6.461
-65.794
16.899
27.840
27.029
-74.688
73.571
-67.380
-63.901
-11.138
-11.555
-2.124
72.947
29.686
-52.838
27.233
3.296
1.392
1.703
-47.672
-29.899
-11.525
-14.010
48.903
.958
-44.323
30.860
21.941
-18.152
-6.398
-12.930
36.278
-22.003
6.278
22.611
23.551
3.217
1.357
19.501
13.991
-21.137
15.549
25.180
-34.509
13.495
-.673
-3.572
27.209
-26.387
-10.058
-10.777
6.910
5.920
-25.043
-17.357
7.794
17.626
3.715
-25.075
-.944
-5.046
-9.916

-14.818
67.578
-49.953
26.301
-73.743
5.361
-37.017
-20.711
39.103
17.886
-48.817
55.063
-14.193
-85.004
-1.023
-11.189
-8.093
80.924
27.389
-70.825
37.533
9.454
1.409
5.142
-40.028
-28.661
-10.119
-14.327
51.597
-3.888
-24.882
21.972
23.097
-27.475
-10.148
-17.977
44.692
-28.023
3.968
13.166
32.170
-8.473
-3.862
4.883
12.404
-10.182
20.725
17.329
-24.996
15.833
-7.168
.594
16.568
-20.434
-8.219
-5.955
3.415
2.261
-26.554
-19.471
12.841
16.502
3.966
-20.809
1.956
-8.379
-17.509

-10.614
50.234
10.928
19.943
-62.380
-7.630
-.106
-56.264
43.483
1.942
2.664
38.640
34.524
-81.863
2.857
-11.766
-2.774
79.752
19.761
-83.492
46.451
16.207
-8.616
9.734
-36.021
-26.271
-2.062
-9.317
47.686
-5.827
-7.043
11.571
23.142
-28.603
-10.757
-21.088
43.845
-32.727
-3.473
5.153
33.268
-15.751
.184
-10.608
-4.495
2.820
25.669
8.194
-16.406
18.085
-10.615
7.236
6.759
-12.952
-4.999
2.362
-6.824
-3.675
-17.528
-17.036
19.582
18.769
1.825
-14.654
7.625
-6.620
-23.706

5.732
13.849
64.400
-18.838
-62.752
-22.948
31.882
-72.589
43.330
-15.748
54.958
8.803
72.085
-71.443
-4.432
-14.784
13.616
72.804
12.057
-92.709
46.896
18.636
-31.019
8.403
-31.260
-26.807
7.373
11.835
43.523
-12.036
1.409
-.387
20.880
-22.483
-8.132
-20.247
39.937
-36.741
-6.129
1.526
23.859
-19.213
11.957
-19.999
-22.609
17.556
27.262
-4.048
-11.143
17.369
-13.343
14.366
-.248
-6.029
-.264
9.394
-15.847
-5.028
.100
-11.970
27.094
18.340
-3.247
-10.802
10.831
-2.408
-28.714

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering

Gambar 7. Plot Time History Percepatan Gempa Northridge 18 Januari 1994

Gambar 8. Plot nilai-nilai puncak spektrum respons percepatan Northridge 1994
untuk perioda fundamental struktur Tn = 0 - 4 detik, dan redaman 5%.

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

13

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering

4. Gempa Kocaeli (Turki) 17 Agustus 1999
Rekaman Getaran Tanah Gempa Kocaeli
PGA
V MAKS

= 0.628 g (g = 9.81 m/s^2)
= 77.42 m/s

PERIODE GETARAN KUAT
LOKASI ACCELEROMETER
JARAK EPISENTRAL
LOKASI EPISENTRAL
MAGNITUDE

= 20 Detik
= Sakaria Recording Station
= km
= North Anatolian Fault Zone
= 7.4 Mw

Tabel 2. Strong Motion Record Gempa Kocaeli 1999 (t. diambil selama 10.09
0
0.009873598
0.01
0.010150866
0.02
0.010072375
0.03
0.009720693
0.04
0.009296636
0.05
0.009039755
0.06
0.00912844
0.07
0.009604485
0.08
0.010356779
0.09
0.011178389
0.1
0.011860347
0.11
0.012298675
0.12
0.012536188
0.13
0.012727829
0.14
0.01304893
0.15
0.01359735
0.16
0.014333333
0.17
0.015093782
0.18
0.01564526
0.19
0.015803262
0.2
0.015533129
0.21
0.015005097
0.22
0.014544343
0.23
0.014477064
0.24
0.014971458
0.25
0.015948012
0.26
0.01711213
0.27
0.018073394
0.28
0.018494393

0.66
0.021380224
0.67
0.029589195
0.68
0.036519878
0.69
0.04049949
0.7
0.040385321
0.71
0.035915392
0.72
0.027889908
0.73
0.018133537
0.74
0.009232416
0.75
0.003965341
0.76
0.004437309
0.77
0.011203874
0.78
0.022807339
0.79
0.036090724
0.8
0.047186544
0.81
0.052785933
0.82
0.051182467
0.83
0.042777778
0.84
0.029939857
0.85
0.016248726
0.86
0.005343527
0.87
0.000192966
0.88
0.000571865
0.89
0.007010194
0.9
0.017479103
0.91
0.029897044
0.92
0.04206524
0.93
0.051782875
0.94
-

1.32
1.33

0.07459735
1.34
0.07295209
1.35
0.061180428
1.36
0.042670744
1.37
0.022215087
1.38
0.004850357
1.39
0.005204893
1.4
0.005316004
1.41
0.005181244
1.42
0.024996942
1.43
0.051334353
1.44
0.080717635
1.45
0.109877676
1.46
0.136207951
1.47
0.157787971
1.48
0.173221203
1.49
0.181518858
1.5
0.181896024
1.51
0.173781855
1.52

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

0.0650316

14

detik)

1.98
0.14266055
1.99
0.158124363
2
0.16285423
2.01
0.152844037
2.02
0.127482161
2.03
0.089502548
2.04
0.04420897
2.05
0.001397044
2.06
0.039666667
2.07
0.063904179
2.08
0.0704842
2.09
0.060740061
2.1
0.04145158
2.11
0.023111111
2.12
0.016001019
2.13
0.025683996
2.14
0.050456677
2.15
0.082277268
2.16
0.110642202
2.17
0.127247706
2.18
0.128888889
2.19
0.117441386
2.2

2.64
0.157400612
2.65
0.190203874
2.66
0.212579001
2.67
0.224199796
2.68
0.225474006
2.69
0.21775739
2.7
0.203476045
2.71
0.185963303
2.72
0.169092762
2.73
0.156809378
2.74
0.152283384
2.75
0.156738022
2.76
0.168399592
2.77
0.182130479
2.78
0.190356779
2.79
0.184923547
2.8
0.159235474
2.81
0.110040775
2.82
0.038442406
2.83
0.050132518
2.84
0.14695209
2.85
0.241834862
2.86
0.325504587
2.87
0.391885831
2.88
0.439490316
2.89

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering
0.29
0.018201835
0.3
0.017256881
0.31
0.015936799
0.32
0.014638124
0.33
0.013723751
0.34
0.013391437
0.35
0.013633028
0.36
0.014303772
0.37
0.015253823
0.38
0.01641998
0.39
0.017813456
0.4
0.019414883
0.41
0.02106422
0.42
0.02241998
0.43
0.023022426
0.44
0.022462793
0.45
0.020555556
0.46
0.01748318
0.47
0.013823649
0.48
0.010438328
0.49
0.008251784
0.5
0.007997961
0.51
0.009998981
0.52
0.014042813
0.53
0.019365953
0.54
0.024785933
0.55
0.028973496
0.56
0.03080632
0.57
0.029706422
0.58
0.025833843
0.59
0.020059123
0.6
0.013727829
0.61
0.008313965
0.62
0.005085627
0.63
0.004849134
0.64
0.007824669
0.65
0.013644241

0.057018349
0.95
0.056311927
0.96
0.049270133
0.97
0.036877676
0.98
0.021390418
0.99
0.005834862
1

0.157176351
1.53

0.097363914
2.21

0.471060143
2.9

0.133343527
1.54

0.072678899
2.22

0.491396534
2.91

0.105412844
1.55

0.045350663
2.23
0.0159684
2.24
0.014310907
2.25
0.042369011
2.26
0.063160041
2.27
0.070943935
2.28
0.061224261
2.29
0.032872579
2.3

0.503924567
2.92

0.07837105
1.56

0.00665474
1.01

0.057944954
1.57

0.013463812
1.02

0.048601427
1.58

0.013023445
1.03

0.051574924
1.59

0.005199185
1.04
0.008571865
1.05
0.025464832
1.06
0.041850153
1.07
0.054202854
1.08
0.060139653
1.09
0.05917737
1.1
0.052826707
1.11
0.043823649
1.12
0.034793068
1.13
0.027081549
1.14
0.020394495
1.15
0.013359837
1.16
0.004642202
1.17

0.064010194
1.6

0.005993578
1.18
0.017187564
1.19
0.026261978
1.2
0.030153925
1.21
0.026624873
1.22
0.015321101
1.23
0.001767584
1.24
0.020637105
1.25
0.036319062
1.26
0.044271152
1.27
0.041655454
1.28
0.028132518
1.29
-0.006
1.3
0.020395515

0.079704383
1.61
0.091220183
1.62
0.092486239
1.63
0.080810398
1.64
0.057700306
1.65

0.058444444
2.32
0.098388379
2.33
0.116146789
2.34
0.10224261
2.35

0.082481142
1.73

0.05512946
2.36
0.017798165
2.37
0.10204893
2.38
0.179949032
2.39
0.23540265
2.4
0.257920489
2.41
0.244770642
2.42
0.201049949
2.43
0.137828746
2.44
0.068899083
2.45
0.007407747
2.46

0.106992864
1.74

0.036621814
2.47

0.11930683
1.75

0.057479103
2.48

0.117349643
1.76

0.054082569
2.49

0.101807339
1.77

0.029943935
2.5
0.007227319
2.51
0.046685015
2.52
0.076857288
2.53
0.088330275
2.54
0.076866463
2.55
0.045431193

0.028525994
1.66
0.001053721
1.67
0.016962283
1.68
0.020260958
1.69
0.007608563
1.7
0.018036697
1.71
0.050554536
1.72

0.075704383
1.78
0.043701325
1.79
0.010989806
1.8
0.017959225
1.81
-

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

0.010181651
2.31

15

0.507441386
2.93
0.494811417
2.94
0.455076453
2.95
0.378277268
2.96
0.261243629
2.97
0.111233435
2.98
0.054185525
2.99
0.21108053
3
0.334923547
3.01
0.406207951
3.02
0.414352701
3.03
0.359520897
3.04
0.252171254
3.05
0.11058104
3.06
0.042985729
3.07
0.18648318
3.08
0.301671764
3.09
0.376687054
3.1
0.407155963
3.11
0.396391437
3.12
0.354301733
3.13
0.295056065
3.14
0.233527013
3.15
0.181804281
3.16
0.146625892
3.17
0.128379205
3.18
0.121885831
3.19

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering
1.31
0.045745158

3.3
0.41204893
3.31
0.395728848
3.32
0.347635066
3.33
0.274057085
3.34
0.187726809
3.35
0.105321101
3.36
0.042434251
3.37
0.007826707
3.38
0.00020999
3.39
0.009051988
3.4
0.019091743
3.41
0.016521916
3.42
0.005830071
3.43
0.046343527
3.44
0.096230377
3.45
0.144220183
3.46
0.18216106
3.47
0.208603466
3.48
0.22833843
3.49
0.247696228

4.66
0.167329256
4.67
0.161427115
4.68
0.135779817
4.69
0.090601427
4.7
0.030445464
4.71
0.036425076
4.72
0.10009684
4.73
0.151885831
4.74
0.187013252
4.75
0.205953109
4.76
0.213853211
4.77
0.218022426
4.78
0.224444444
4.79
0.235310907
4.8
0.248939857
4.81
0.261692151
4.82
0.269826707
4.83
0.270091743
4.84
0.259520897
4.85
0.235158002
4.86
0.194475025
4.87
-

0.040464832
1.82
0.056250765
1.83
0.067362895
1.84
0.07712844
1.85
0.088459735
1.86
0.102364934
1.87
0.117461774
1.88
0.130723751
1.89
0.138776758
1.9
0.139276249
1.91
0.131946993
1.92
0.119174312
1.93
0.105616718
1.94
0.096573904
1.95
0.09611315
1.96
0.105575943
1.97
0.122844037

2.56
0.004001019
2.57

0.11853211
3.2

0.033519878
2.58

0.109276249
3.21

0.054381244
2.59

0.087311927
3.22

0.051560652
2.6

0.049487258
3.23
0.003761468
3.24
0.069404689
3.25
0.14304791
3.26
0.21950051
3.27
0.292446483
3.28
0.354260958
3.29
0.396636086

6.02
0.235749235
6.03
0.287502548
6.04
0.285514781
6.05
0.236085627
6.06
0.15872579
6.07
0.076118247
6.08
0.005608563
6.09

7.38

0.044858308
6.1
0.075644241
6.11
0.091181448
6.12
0.095753313
6.13
0.091437309
6.14
0.078536188
6.15
0.057505607
6.16
0.030669725
6.17
0.002241488
6.18
0.02354842
6.19
0.044937819
6.2
0.063884811
6.21
-

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

16

0.025576962
2.61
0.016913354
2.62
0.066644241
2.63
0.115300714

0.375086646
7.39
0.332609582
7.4
0.279001019
7.41
0.216320082
7.42
0.149908257
7.43
0.088224261
7.44
0.040849134
7.45
0.014974516
7.46
0.0122263
7.47
0.02750051
7.48
0.050593272
7.49
0.069901121
7.5
0.07675739
7.51
0.068606524
7.52
0.049410805
7.53
0.02688685
7.54

8.74
0.107400612
8.75
0.082545362
8.76
0.052172273
8.77
0.030199796
8.78
0.02817737
8.79
0.050324159
8.8
0.091474006
8.81
0.138542304
8.82
0.174587156
8.83
0.183975535
8.84
0.157176351
8.85
0.094124363
8.86
0.005017329
8.87
0.091756371
8.88
0.174485219
8.89
0.224434251
8.9
0.23138634
8.91
0.196095821
8.92
0.128888889
8.93
0.045376147
8.94
-

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering
3.5
0.267879715
3.51

0.136707441
4.88
0.065100917
4.89

0.28077472
3.52

0.011085627
4.9

0.271090724
3.53

0.076733945
4.91

0.224352701
3.54

0.114189602
4.92

0.136167176
3.55

0.109296636
4.93

0.017223242
3.56
0.109092762
3.57
0.215708461
3.58
0.28304791
3.59
0.306146789
3.6
0.293863405
3.61
0.261294597
3.62
0.220030581
3.63
0.171651376
3.64
0.108297655
3.65
0.020086646
3.66

0.057815494
4.94
0.030849134
4.95
0.134658512
4.96
0.224780836
4.97
0.274505607
4.98
0.268205912
4.99
0.206738022
5
0.106972477
5.01

0.094866463
3.67

0.155382263
5.04

0.224087666
3.68

0.168766565
5.05

0.341896024
3.69

0.146941896
5.06

0.417889908
3.7

0.109561672
5.07

0.428939857
3.71

0.079865443
5.08

0.369449541
3.72

0.075430173
5.09

0.255321101
3.73

0.10088787
5.1
0.1454842
5.11
0.1872579
5.12

0.119724771
3.74
0.002252192
3.75
0.06443629
3.76
0.065231397
3.77
0.006380224
3.78
0.089007136
3.79
0.191600408
3.8
0.277655454
3.81
0.336197757

0.004078389
5.02
0.098300714
5.03

0.202731906
5.13
0.177737003
5.14
0.114077472
5.15
0.028939857
5.16
0.052118247
5.17
0.104658512
5.18
0.113455657
5.19
0.07641896
5.2
0.003518858

0.085417941
6.22
0.115749235
6.23
0.159816514
6.24
0.218542304
6.25
0.286788991
6.26
0.352945973
6.27
0.400764526
6.28
0.413058104
6.29
0.376513761
6.3
0.286615698
6.31
0.150978593
6.32
0.010857288
6.33
0.172069317
6.34
0.306136595
6.35
0.394097859
6.36
0.428776758
6.37
0.415168196
6.38
0.367278287
6.39
0.30285423
6.4
0.237961264
6.41
0.18343527
6.42
0.143720693
6.43
0.117726809
6.44
0.100803262
6.45
0.087220183
6.46
0.072370031
6.47
0.053966361
6.48
0.032148828
6.49
0.008711009
6.5
0.013955148
6.51
0.033647299
6.52
0.048836901
6.53
0.059002039

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

17

0.008077472
7.55
0.004350663
7.56
0.013233435
7.57
0.025254842
7.58
0.047731906
7.59
0.085432212
7.6
0.138552497
7.61
0.202324159
7.62
0.267910296
7.63
0.324046891
7.64
0.358848114
7.65
0.361681957
7.66
0.325474006
7.67
0.249755352
7.68
0.143914373
7.69
0.028008155
7.7

0.038429154
8.95
0.109928644
8.96
0.161804281
8.97
0.192130479
8.98
0.203109072
8.99
0.199276249
9
0.185840979
9.01
0.16756371
9.02
0.148165138
9.03
0.130020387
9.04
0.113893986
9.05
0.09877472
9.06
0.082123344
9.07
0.060794088
9.08
0.032475025
9.09
0.002985627
9.1

0.070877676
7.71

0.043180428
9.11

0.126422018
7.72

0.083852192
9.12

0.122201835
7.73

0.120265036
9.13

0.058358818
7.74
0.047015291
7.75
0.162864424
7.76
0.255229358
7.77
0.298980632
7.78
0.28648318
7.79
0.229582059
7.8
0.154026504
7.81
0.088590214
7.82
0.053691131
7.83
0.053780836
7.84
0.076833843
7.85
0.100876656
7.86
0.104373089
7.87
0.075718654
7.88
0.017969419
7.89

0.148511723
9.14

0.052830785
7.9
0.114729867
7.91
0.149235474

0.166248726
9.15
0.17224261
9.16
0.165565749
9.17
0.145178389
9.18
0.11108053
9.19
0.066156983
9.2
0.01741896
9.21
0.024768603
9.22
0.049559633
9.23
0.04946789
9.24
0.023470948
9.25
0.02203262
9.26
0.075093782
9.27
0.122201835
9.28

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering
3.82

5.21

0.368450561
3.83

0.087909276
5.22

0.380723751
3.84

0.178909276
5.23

0.376055046
3.85

0.253577982
5.24

0.349643221
3.86

0.301916412
5.25

0.290632008
3.87

0.320672783
5.26

0.189276249
3.88

0.312191641
5.27

0.046441386
3.89
0.119653415
3.9
0.274046891
3.91
0.374994903
3.92
0.390142712
3.93
0.311478084
3.94
0.161396534
3.95

0.282150866
5.28

0.014219164
3.96

0.02493476
5.33
0.014190622
5.34
0.040948012
5.35
0.05317737
5.36
0.049700306
5.37
0.0307737
5.38

0.163873598
3.97
0.251518858
3.98
0.269908257
3.99
0.239745158
4
0.196320082
4.01
0.171732926
4.02
0.18069317
4.03
0.215412844
4.04
0.25069317
4.05
0.256748216
4.06
0.213374108
4.07
0.119561672
4.08
0.005318043
4.09
0.128786952
4.1
0.217573904
4.11
0.249520897
4.12
0.220285423
4.13
-

0.237308869
5.29
0.184067278
5.3
0.127910296
5.31
0.073495413
5.32

0.001377982
5.39
0.042276249
5.4
0.085342508
5.41
0.122803262
5.42
0.147665647
5.43
0.156095821
5.44
0.14853211
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0.128134557
5.46
0.097848114
5.47
0.058475025
5.48
0.009343221
5.49
0.048833843
5.5
0.111355759

6.54
0.064761468
6.55
0.067557594
6.56
0.068897044
6.57
0.06951682
6.58
0.069087666
6.59
0.066828746
6.6
0.062771662
6.61
0.058841998
6.62
0.058869521
6.63
0.067118247
6.64
0.085807339
6.65
0.11285423
6.66
0.141406728
6.67
0.161957187
6.68
0.165942915
6.69
0.149296636
6.7
0.114301733
6.71
0.068640163
6.72
0.02211213
6.73
0.017425076
6.74
0.047086646
6.75
0.069503568
6.76
0.090625892
6.77
0.115830785
6.78
0.146238532
6.79
0.177003058
6.8
0.198430173
6.81
0.199653415
6.82
0.173149847
6.83
0.118756371
6.84
0.045250765
6.85
0.031286442
6.86
0.092119266
6.87
0.121651376
6.88
0.112538226
6.89
-

Civil Structure Engineering Postgraduate Prog. Hasanuddin Univ.
2005

18

7.92
0.148776758
7.93
0.11930683
7.94
0.076973496
7.95
0.041013252
7.96
0.025787971
7.97
0.035253823
7.98
0.061944954
7.99
0.090733945
8
0.105351682
8.01
0.094437309
8.02
0.054542304
8.03
0.010437309
8.04
0.092361876
8.05
0.182222222
8.06
0.271885831
8.07
0.35362895
8.08
0.418980632
8.09
0.458705403
8.1
0.464872579
8.11
0.434352701
8.12
0.371569827
8.13
0.288562691
8.14
0.201671764
8.15
0.126014271
8.16
0.070456677
8.17
0.035546381
8.18
0.015116208
8.19
0.000649337
8.2
0.013735984
8.21
0.028015291
8.22
0.036288481
8.23
0.030018349
8.24
0.002817737
8.25
-

0.152456677
9.29
0.160030581
9.3
0.144332314
9.31
0.10861366
9.32
0.058148828
9.33
0.000738022
9.34
0.060585117
9.35
0.112395515
9.36
0.146258919
9.37
0.153588175
9.38
0.13038736
9.39
0.0799684
9.4
0.013537207
9.41
0.052253823
9.42
0.100401631
9.43
0.119408767
9.44
0.107380224
9.45
0.072562691
9.46
0.029939857
9.47
0.004785933
9.48
0.021345566
9.49
0.018751274
9.5
0.005203874
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0.006000102
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0.002881549
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0.124332314
9.57
0.131651376
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0.11675841
9.59
0.086666667
9.6
0.052487258
9.61
0.0237737
9.62
0.00469419
9.63

Static and Dynamic Earthquake Analysis. © Yoppy Soleman,

Earthquake Engineering
0.143496432
4.14
0.045155963
4.15

5.51
0.169765545
5.52
0.215321101
5.53
0.242986748
5.54
0.253251784
5.55
0.250846075
5.56
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0.230825688
5.58
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5.6
0.185749235
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0.156391437
5.62
0.11520897
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0.009074414
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0.068555556
6.9
0.003988787
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0.039731906
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0.048987768
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0.072547401
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0.092491335
7.03

0.084111111
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0.113679918
7.04

0.077552497
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0.106911315
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0.064289501
5.7

0.07762895
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0.05958104
5.71

0.04058104
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0.076019368
5.72

0.01451682
7.08

0.117737003
5.73

0.015450561
7.09

0.177196738
5.74

0.051100917
7.1

0.235749235
5.75

0.118389399
7.11

0.028845056
4.37

0.268481142
5.76

0.204444444
7.12

0.043127421
4.38

0.252191641
5.77

0.290214067
7.13

0.036061162
4.39

0.174352701
5.78

0.355637105
7.14

0.018972477
4.4

0.039833843
5.79
0.127828746
5.8
0.292283384
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0.416004077
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0.460040775
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0.394689093
5.85
-

0.384801223
7.15

0.04561264
4.16
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4.18
0.117573904
4.19
0.091892966
4.2
0.071647299
4.21
0.071869521
4.22
0.096267074
4.23
0.13559633
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0.170978593
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4.26
0.15304791
4.27
0.084679918
4.28
0.009985729
4.29
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4.3
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4.32
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0.002638736
4.41
0.007188583
4.42
0.010719674
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0.012055046
4.44
0.015818552
4.45
0.024255861

0.06062895
6.92
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6.93
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6.94
0.094348624
6.95
0.047554536
6.96
0.005733945
6.97
0.0464842
6.98
0.060700306
6.99
0.043904179
7
0.002422018
7.01

0.370040775
7.16
0.313975535
7.17
0.229276249
7.18
0.135769623
7.19

Civil Structu