Alam Grojogan Sewu, Tawang Mangu, Indonesia
E
U Rl sM DESTI NAT I OJ'IS
EGOTO
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Pe
mG o co u NT Rl ES
Managing tourism destination is
a
complex process'
lt
il
t
I
d
should
consio"eralotofaSpectinthesociety.Recently,tourismindustry
havetofaceabigchallengerelatedtoenvironmentespecially
which are consisted of
.tirrt" change. The archip"l.go .orntries
mitigate the impact of
small islands need to develop- policies to
travel'
climate change' ln contraiy, the impact of tourist
to the impact,
accommodation and activities would also contribute
sector,s
tourism
the
on climate change' tn business as usual scenario,
to climate
growth and increase significantly give a contribution
develop a
.r,."g". policy makers i-nd the tourism industry must
climate
which
in
ways
r.rngJ of strategies to adapt to the different
opportunities'
cfrange may aff-cttourism operations and
research and field
This book cover several articles based on library
ecotourism activities
research of case study about the link between
This book is very
and issues of climate change in many destinations.
i.fortant as reference for policy makers, practitioners, researcher,
and climate change'
and student interested in the issues of tourism
il
I
I
T
I
t
ECOTOURISIUI
DESTNNAT]ON$
[Nffi
Editors:
Muhammad Baiquni
Janianton Damanik
Erda Rindrasih
xi
x
CHAPTER 2: ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT
DYNAMICS OF DESTINATIONS
PART 6. Toward A Hybrid Segmentation of Ecotourism
(BaYu Sutilmo)
PARTT.MarineTourismandtheCommunity,sLifeinSmall
Islands: A Case Study of Pulau Panggang Village'
the District of Kepulauan Seribu, in the Northern of
Greater
J
akarta, Indonesia (Heni Suhaeni)
PART8.UnderstandingtheEco-TravelersPreferenceson
Ecotourism (Titik Desi HarsoYo)
PARTg.EcotourismDestinationManagement(Jono
Lesmana)
(Destha Titi
PART 10. Karimunjawa Ecotourism Development
Rahariana)
PART 11. Water Viilage Manggahang Becomes A Tourist
Destination (Gai Suhardja) """" " " "
Alam Grojogan Sewu, Tawang Mangu, Indonesia
(Siti Nurul Rofiqo lrwan, Ahmad Sarwadi and Retno
101
118
t32
t46
158
t79
t87
PART 12.
189
PART 13.
t96
PART 14.
2t0
PART 16.
Management
,,226 ;
s.
266
andHanafi)
PART 18. Integrated Management of Tourism and Urban
286
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
367
El-Baghdady,
RELATED ISSUES
PART 15.
Nur |Jtami)
PART 17. Ecotourism A Component of A Sustainable
Development Strategy in Egypt (Rahva A. Sameh,
Development of Small Islands (Kereshmeh M.N.
.. 316
Roodbari and Badaruddin Mohamed)
PART 19. Contribution of Locality in Destination
Management: A Study on the Application of the
Economic, Aesthetics and Ethical Local Value and
Value-Induced in Destination Management of
Komodo-Labuan Bajo, Nusa Tenggara Timur
.. 335
(Frans Teguh)
267
recreational activity and facilities for ecotourism development has
been thought and analyzed. The study objectives were to improve
advantage of the recreational site through deveropment of aciivity
Ahmad Sarwadi
program and facilities in quality and quantity based on landscape
characteristics and visitor data. Approaching the recreation planning
method, analysis of site potencies and problems developed by Gold
(1980), the method was based on analysis technique on various maps
of site characteristics. Maps of slope, land use, vegetation, poteneies
of landscape view, activity trails, activity intensity, and existing
facilities were analyzed" and synthesized to develop ecotourism of
TWAGS.
The concept of Nature Park of TWAGS lead to enhance the
advantage of the whole site potencies of the landscape by spreading
activity on the site in programs of nature-based recreational activities,
to plan quantitative and qualitative the nature-based recreational
facilities in TWAGS. The programs were upgraded to natural
recreation of educational and conservation aims for visitors in various
ages, people with. disabilities and all economical segments 6f visitor.
Then, nature-based reoreational activity and facilities were developed
to meet the needs of nature park and the concept of integrated
ecotourism activity, plan
Architecture and Planning Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Keywords: nature-based recreation, activity, facitities, Grojogan
NATURE.BASED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
AND FACILITY DEVELOPMENT FOR
ECOTOURISM OF TAMAN WISATA ALAM
GROJOGAN SEWU, TAWANG MANGU,
INDONESIA
Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan
Lab. of Nature Tourism, Dept. of Forest Resource Conservation
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Email: rofiqoirwan@yahoo.com
Sewu.
Email : ahmad_sarwadi@yahoo.com
Retno Nur Utami
l.INTRODUCTIQN
Lab. of Nature Tourism, Dept. of Forest Resource Conservation
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
i
i
1
ABSTRACT
d
The trend
of visitor
enthusiasm
of
Taman Wisata Alam
Grojogan Sewu (TWAGS) have enhanced regarding the attractions of
TWAGS landscape potency. The waterfalls and natural site are main
attractions
of
TWAGS. However, the planning
of
nature-based
The natural area including of forests has potential opportunity
as natule-based recreation. Nature has always offered an extraordinary
appeal to people for countless reasons: the romance of adventure, the
promise of the unexpected, the chance to find beauty drd otre,
benefits in human being. The forest in particular has ofiered a widg
range of opportunities and challenges for people that have'proven
strongly seductive over the course of human history. Recreation plans
can be classified by their scope, orientation, g"ogruphi" area, or client.
270
FOCUSS'NG
@
Aspect of
ECOTOURI$M:
EDUCATION
CONSERYAI'ON
27-T----
DEVELAPMENT
af nature-based
rccreational
activity and
facility
Figure 16.1. Schematical Study Process
to improve the site existing plan. The data were preferred to correlate
Activity
progrcm development proceeded to facility improvement in quality
the site characteristics analysis and visitor activity in the park.
f igure
This study was carried out in Taman Wisata Alam Grojogan
Sewu (TWAGS) the nature park which located at the Karanganyar
District of Central Java Province. The whole area of park covers 64.3
ha and the park is in 20,2 ha. The park is famous with beautiful
waterfall as a main attraction inside the park. The waterfall covers 81
m heiglit with white and high water debit are felt from 1025 m
altitude. The TWAGS is located in highland range 900 - 1100 m
altitude and at range 7"3g'17"-73r'4g"Ls and 114"18'33"114"20' 16"BT.
The nature-scenic beauty, diversity flora fauna in pattern of
nature park.
l
3. RESULTS
l
tropicalrainforest,geomorphologicfeaturesofTWAGSshow
generally recreational potency development and it became the nature
park on October 12,1968 through legal authority letter by Ministry
of
,
Agriculture no 264lKPTSrulW10/1968. The TWAGS has been in
management of Directorate of Nafure Conservation and Forest
Management, Ministry of Forestry. Nature tourism of the park has '
,
been managed by private company.
The mean annual rainfall is about 2000-4000 mm. The park has
various slopes from flat to steep land. Respectively, the mean air
temperature is l0oC and 25"C and surrounded by Samin River and
Blumbang River.
16.2. Crqiogan Sewu Waterfallo Karang
Anyar is rnain attraction located inside the
*
Figure 16.3 shows the nature park, especially around the
waterfall generally has been special usage for picnic activities. The
nature park has aesthetic scenic, small restaurant, toilets, swimming
pool, a small mosque and many local people give rent matt for picnic.
Visitors heavily go down the stairs to entry the park and step up the
stairs to the exit about 100 m length. The park is currently used for
limited recreational activities, such as no-affangement picnicking,
playgrounds, and walking trails.
The nature park of TWAGS covers the tropical rain forest at
highland with diversity flora, dominated by pine trees (Pinus
merkusii). Other vegetation is Puspa (Scima walichii), Kaliandra
(C al iandra,qp.), Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), Flamboyan (D el onix
regia), Beringin (Ficus benjamina), Suren (Toona sureeni), Benda
(Artocarpus elastica), and Kantil (Michelia champaca).
The diversity of fauna are often find such as monkey long-tailed
monkey (Maccaca fascicularis), Jalak Putih Lawu Bird (Strur
272
usmelanopteras), Telcukur
Bird (Steptopelia chinensis), Kutilang
(Phsyschonolus caferaureqaster), Prenjak (Prima rufescens), Perkutut
Bird (Geofilia striata), Gelatik Biaf;tr (Parus mayor), Jalak Uren
(strurnus ontra) and Kacamata Bird (Zosterops palpebros as).
The flora fauna characteristics of TWAGS were covered on the
site as perfonned as spatial use of landscape. Figure 16.5. distributes
recreational site including eight spatial types: l) main entrance,
2) pines trees/steep land, 3) wat.rurtall attraction, ) hiking on steep
land 5) picnic ground, 6) second entrance area/exit one/picnic ground,
7) shrubs, and 8) pines trees.
Figure 163. Topography aod Existing Features of TWA Grojogan Sewu Tawang
Mangu.
Based on f,reld observatiorq less than SAYo of mature park xea
was used for recreation. The activity tracking such as hiking has not
been spread evenly across inside the site and the recreational activities
are coocsntrated in the waterfalls area. Figure 16.6 shows intensive
recreational area dominated in the centre of Nature Parkthatreldively
on flat slope or less than l0% slope" Because of large area of steep
land inside the park and heavy tnatenal. of vegetatiotg srnall rnrmber of
recreational activity has been occurred itl0f/o and up of strope or flat
land (Figure 16.7).
Figure 16.4. Diversity of Flora Fauna has the Uniqueness as Potential Aspect for
Nature-based Recreation.
F'igure 15"5. N{ature-based Rocreational Spatial Potential of TWAGS.
Slope variations in TWAGS can be planned for various
activities and facitities. Beer (1990) makes various types of land use
suitability hased on slope analysis (Table 16.1)- Figure 16.7 performs
ttree ffies of slope inside TWAGS included flat slope (angle slope
{J=L0%) wa.s approximateLy 25o/a of zre4 moderute slope (angle slope
L040o/r) was approxinrately 4$o/a of total arc,a and slope higt/steep
land (angle slope > 4AYr) covered about35Yo of tlre naturo park. Semi
intensive - no intensive activiff can be seen on rnedium-high slope of
TWAGS, than if is necessary to irnprove facitrities for nature-based
recreatiom (see Figure 1 "6)"
274
275
Table 16.1. Type of Land Use Based on Permitted Angle of Slope
Permitted angle of slope
Type of land use
Streets and drives
Parkins areas
Main footpaths-bitumen/asphalt
Main ramn on footoath-short
8%
1%
5%
1%
8%
5010
t4%
Entrance areas
Minor footpaths
Terraces-naved
4%
1%
t4%
s%
ao/
1%
Lawns
50
t%
Mown grass banks
33%
Planted slopes
s0%
Source: Beer (1990)
Figure 16.6. Distribution of Activity Intensiry in
TWAGS.
lntensive activity
Serni-lntensive activity
Table 16.2. Slope Analysis of TWAGS
Not lntensive activity
Walking, tracking, picnic, Footpath, Children
resting, Children playing
Playground, Picnic
Board information,
natural trail
The steep andthe
very steep land
The various slope of TWAGS was overlaid with the beauty and
unique scenery proposed development of nature-based recreational
activities and recreational facilities. Table 16.2, Figtre 16.8, and
Figure 16.9 show program and synthesis of slope and visual scenic to
r ealize nature-based recreational activity and facility.
Figure 16.7. Slope Analysis of TWAGS.
276
277
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF'YISITOR
IN TWAGS
Visitor in TWAGS was dominated by young people (15-44
years old), male, under graduate and student (Suripto, 2008; Arifah,
2010; and Handayani, 20ll). The data was not inclusive of disable
people, and children. However, based field observation the children
have often visited to the nature park. In the last five years, foreign
people have come about 1500 people per year. It can be compared
with domestic people about 350.000 people per year. The majority of
the visitors came from Yogyakarta and surrounding or from cenhal
Java Province. The main reason for their visit was picnicking or
recreation. The average staying time in the park was l-3 hours (65%)
and 4-6 hotrs (l7o/o), and staying one night (1,5%). They came
%
AGE
100
90
80
70
60
Figure 16.8. Visual Scenic of TWA Grojogan Sewu Tawang Mangu.
50
40
30
n
10,
0
0/o
WORKING
GSvemment
Figure 16.9. Pinus Trees and Shrub (left), view: River stream and Framed bv
Vegetation (right).
Privat
Employee
Figure 16.10. Visitor Characteristics of TWAGS.
soctor
others
278
27g
with friends of family for enjoying the nature especially to come close
to waterfall (see Table 16.3 and Figure 6.il). Most of the visitors
usually came to TWAGS on Sunday, Saturday or national holiday.
Figure 16. l0 shows characteristics visitor of rwAGS according to sex
ratio, age, education and working.
increasing visitor. The potential young visitors that have status of
student, the orientation of recreation should be guided to education
even though conservation reason. Thus, these were supported by
natural resources of flora fauna diversity. They can be leaming about
Table 16.3. Most Popular Attractions of Visitor.
No
Attractions
Percentage
equencv (7o
I
Waterfall
2
Culinarv (Rabbit Satav)
3
,
Forest
5
4
Natural resources
5
Fresh
6
Others
Air
Total
43
3l
6
9
100
Source: Arifah (2010)
the species, the habitat, the characteristics of flora fauna, the
vegetation growth; the animal behavior and learning any other
knowledge of nature. Simultaneously, learning about nature
knowledge, the visitor can concern in protecting and conserving the
natural resources of the nature park. The student can also learn how
should the local flora fauna be maintained and be growth. Thus, the
nature-based recreational activities have to be supported by the
facilities inside the park. The main idea was to improve the quality of
existing facility and increase the quantity of facility types.
There is always an age influence in outdoor recreation, but it is
sometimes difficult to draw definitive relationships with specific
activities. However, there is a clear age-related trend in participation
patterns represented in selected results from1994-94 National Survey
on Recreation and the Environment shown in Table 16.4.
5. DEVELOPMENT OF' NATURE.BASED ACTIVITY AND
F'ACILITY
Figure 16.11. Potential visitor was 12-17 Years. The Intensive Activity was close to
Waterfall.
Based on site characteristics and visitor data, it can be analyzed
that the existing natural resource or TWAGS included of the main
attraction of waterfall and other attraction of vegetation, river, and
unique contour has been able to be develop their advantage for
To proceed through the development of ecotourism, Figure
16.12 performs three analyses on maps of nature-based recreational
activity. Basically, concerning carrying capacity of the whole area, the
concentrated activity near to waterfall has to be spread to the whole
potential nature park (see Figure l6.I2a). Then, Figure l6.l2b shows
the program of activity that . was spread out inside the site by
improving types
of
activity especially recreational activity
on
moderate- steep land. Area of pine trees, shrubs on moderate-steep
land of land was not effectively in usage for activity in TWAGS. In
order to support the activity program, the pathway program was
developed on map Figure 16.12c. The existing pathway has been not
28 1
280
Table16.4. Participation in Recreation Activities by Age (%) of Respondents'
Figure 16.12a.
Activiu D evelo pment potenti at
A. From and to Gale 3
B. From Gate 3 to Gate 2
C. From cate 2
D. From Gate 3 to near Gate
Activity
Spread program ofactivity to lhe
whole potenlial are:
W
"on""nur,"o
ffi
ffi
activity area
AcfiviY aettetoptrenl area
Figu16 l6.12b.
1. From Gate 3 to
Gate
1
(long lracking)
2. From cate 3 to cate
(short tracking)
1
3. From Gate 2 to cate 2
(medium tracking)
Figure 16,12c.
Pathwa y Devel opm ent Progrum
,.
Main pathway
(exbting)
2. Second pathway
(existing and development)
3. Path for disable people
(development)
4. Hiking path
(development)
rwA
Fitness
Runnins
4049
50-59
60+
76.1
72.0
33.2
28.3
64.0
r7.4
49.7
23.3
37.4
74.6
10.7
21.9
10.6
71.9
64.0
49.7
t6-24
25-29
30-39
77.2
'74.7
50.4
Bikins
37.9
36.2
Walking
68.
l
72.4
8.1
Existing activity area
Activ W Devel opme nt Program
Figure 16.12. Activity tracking analysis of
Age
1
Grojogan Sewu Tawang Mangu.
Source: Ray (2003)
enough
in quantity and quality. The pathway
needs development as
mairipathway (about 12 m in width), second pathway (about 0.80-1
m ln wiOttr;, and pathway for disable people and hiking pathway'
The existing facilities in TWAGS were observed about the
quality of material perfoflnance. Table 16.5 shows the existing
facilities in TWAGS and check list of development. Poor quality of
material was found and checked into improving quality check list. The
facility quantity was predicted based on the recreational need on site.
Standard ofqrutity and quantity were referred to recreational standard
planning and obsirved to the other nature park facility that has high
standard as nature-based recreation area.
Analysis of facility needs and development was implemented in
oi the data of characteristics site and visitor. Figure 16.13
synthesis
,iro*. an alternative of facility development of
TWAGS through
The facility
facility.
and
activity
concept ofnature-based recreational
education
of
aspects
development proglam was focused to ecotourism
and conservuiion. Th.r" are any other altemative program and plan
that needs process of design for ecotourism plan. The concept of
integrated ecotourism activity plan is facing the need of ecotourism
aemand focusing on aspects of conservation and education. The
further research or projects prefer development of nature based
recreational activity and facility to other aspect of ecotourism, such as
local commumty and economics.
282
283
Table 16.5. Check list of facility development in TWAGS
Facilities
I Entry
and exit
Existinl
Proposed Improvinp Increasing
/new
V
Quality
Ecotourism Aspects
Quantity Conservation
lon
V
I
Gates
z
Natural Trails
J
Swimming
pool
V
4
L
Bridge
Shelter
V.
V
9-
Toilet
7
Small
V
V
j
V
v
V
V
fi
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
{
V
V
$
I
Restaurant
8
9
Bench
Security
I
V
V
v
{
{
office
l0
ll
Children play
eround
t1 Information
'l
V
v
V
I
,3
V
V
V
board
t2 Orientation
V
s
V
,{
lf
j
V
board
d
B
V
13 Ecosystem
V
information
V
V
Figure 16.13. Facility development of TWA Grojogan Sewu Tawang Mangu.
board
t4 Praying room
v
V
(musholla)
15
Photo spot
board
T6
Flying fox
6.
V
V
17 Small movie
V
18 Danger
V
V
V
tower
board
l9 Bird watching
tower
20 Mini Museum
2t Vegetation
name tas
FACILITY DESIGN CONCEPT
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
v
V
V
As we did development plan of facility, the design concept was
thought based on the suitability of site characteristics and visitor
needs. Shelters, information boards, ecosystem information board,
danger board, danger signal board and others were designed for
ecotourism aims in mastff plan. Conservation and education in
ecotourism were design purposes of facilities in order to support the
activity. Nature-based recreational activity and facility should be an
integrated plan of ecotourism in TWAGS. Figure 16.14 shows some
design concepts of facility in TWAGS.
284
28s
2)
was based on sustainable protected natural area. There are plentiful
programs of ecotourism can be developed in TWAGS with its natural
resources and the trend of visitor, than strategic management planning
and master plan should be the needs.
hht
.l
|
3;
ffiry
Figure 16.14. Facility concept design: 1) Shelter, 2)
Information board, 3) photo spot
board,4) Ecosystem information, 5) and 6) Signal
boards.
7. CONCLUSIONS
The basic aim of development of nature_based
recreational
activity and facility in TWAGS should be to reveal
the existing naturar
resources potential of the nafure park as natural
attractions tha"t can be
source of reasons of visit. otherwise, the activity
of visitor shourd be
guided not only in enjoying the nature as
recreation but also
conservation and education reasons. Ecotourism
is facing the
integrated activities supported by pranning and
design of facility that
REFERENCES
Arifah, Estie Niswatun. 2010. Anolisis Kepuasan Wisatawan di
Taman Wisata Alam Grojogan Sewu, Kabupaten Karanganyar,
Skripsi, Fakultas Kehutanan UGM, yogyakarta.
Beer, Anne R. 1990. Environmental Planning for Site Development,
Clays Ltd., St. Ives PLC.
Gul, Atila, M. Kamil Orucu, and Oznur Karaca.2006. An Approach
for Recreation Suitability Analysis to Recreation planning in
Golcuk Nature Park, Jotrnal of Environmental Management
Vol. 37 No. 5, pringer, pp 606-625.
Gold, Symour M. 1980. Recreation Planning and Design, McGrawHill,Inc. USA.
Handayani, Dwi. 2011. Kajian Belanja Wisatawan dan penyerapan
Tenaga Kerja Bagi Masyarakat Sekitar Taman Wisata Alam
Grojogan Sewu. Thesis. Fakultas Kehutanan UGM,
Yogyakarta.
Mc Harg, I.L. 1967. Design with Nature, DoubledayAiatural History
Press, Doubleday & Company,Inc, New york.
Ray, Robert O. 2003. Managing Recreation Behavior, in Introduction
to Forest Ecosystem Science and Management, Raymond A.
Young/Itonald L. Giese. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Unites States
of America.
Suripto, Arief. 2008. Hubungan Sosiodemografi dengan Nilai
Apresiasi Wisatawan terhadap Produk Wisata Alam di Taman
Wisata Alam Grojogan Sewu. Skripsi, Fakultas Kehutanan
UGM, Yogyakarta.
U Rl sM DESTI NAT I OJ'IS
EGOTO
-ilt-nn-c
nl
Pe
mG o co u NT Rl ES
Managing tourism destination is
a
complex process'
lt
il
t
I
d
should
consio"eralotofaSpectinthesociety.Recently,tourismindustry
havetofaceabigchallengerelatedtoenvironmentespecially
which are consisted of
.tirrt" change. The archip"l.go .orntries
mitigate the impact of
small islands need to develop- policies to
travel'
climate change' ln contraiy, the impact of tourist
to the impact,
accommodation and activities would also contribute
sector,s
tourism
the
on climate change' tn business as usual scenario,
to climate
growth and increase significantly give a contribution
develop a
.r,."g". policy makers i-nd the tourism industry must
climate
which
in
ways
r.rngJ of strategies to adapt to the different
opportunities'
cfrange may aff-cttourism operations and
research and field
This book cover several articles based on library
ecotourism activities
research of case study about the link between
This book is very
and issues of climate change in many destinations.
i.fortant as reference for policy makers, practitioners, researcher,
and climate change'
and student interested in the issues of tourism
il
I
I
T
I
t
ECOTOURISIUI
DESTNNAT]ON$
[Nffi
Editors:
Muhammad Baiquni
Janianton Damanik
Erda Rindrasih
xi
x
CHAPTER 2: ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT
DYNAMICS OF DESTINATIONS
PART 6. Toward A Hybrid Segmentation of Ecotourism
(BaYu Sutilmo)
PARTT.MarineTourismandtheCommunity,sLifeinSmall
Islands: A Case Study of Pulau Panggang Village'
the District of Kepulauan Seribu, in the Northern of
Greater
J
akarta, Indonesia (Heni Suhaeni)
PART8.UnderstandingtheEco-TravelersPreferenceson
Ecotourism (Titik Desi HarsoYo)
PARTg.EcotourismDestinationManagement(Jono
Lesmana)
(Destha Titi
PART 10. Karimunjawa Ecotourism Development
Rahariana)
PART 11. Water Viilage Manggahang Becomes A Tourist
Destination (Gai Suhardja) """" " " "
Alam Grojogan Sewu, Tawang Mangu, Indonesia
(Siti Nurul Rofiqo lrwan, Ahmad Sarwadi and Retno
101
118
t32
t46
158
t79
t87
PART 12.
189
PART 13.
t96
PART 14.
2t0
PART 16.
Management
,,226 ;
s.
266
andHanafi)
PART 18. Integrated Management of Tourism and Urban
286
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
367
El-Baghdady,
RELATED ISSUES
PART 15.
Nur |Jtami)
PART 17. Ecotourism A Component of A Sustainable
Development Strategy in Egypt (Rahva A. Sameh,
Development of Small Islands (Kereshmeh M.N.
.. 316
Roodbari and Badaruddin Mohamed)
PART 19. Contribution of Locality in Destination
Management: A Study on the Application of the
Economic, Aesthetics and Ethical Local Value and
Value-Induced in Destination Management of
Komodo-Labuan Bajo, Nusa Tenggara Timur
.. 335
(Frans Teguh)
267
recreational activity and facilities for ecotourism development has
been thought and analyzed. The study objectives were to improve
advantage of the recreational site through deveropment of aciivity
Ahmad Sarwadi
program and facilities in quality and quantity based on landscape
characteristics and visitor data. Approaching the recreation planning
method, analysis of site potencies and problems developed by Gold
(1980), the method was based on analysis technique on various maps
of site characteristics. Maps of slope, land use, vegetation, poteneies
of landscape view, activity trails, activity intensity, and existing
facilities were analyzed" and synthesized to develop ecotourism of
TWAGS.
The concept of Nature Park of TWAGS lead to enhance the
advantage of the whole site potencies of the landscape by spreading
activity on the site in programs of nature-based recreational activities,
to plan quantitative and qualitative the nature-based recreational
facilities in TWAGS. The programs were upgraded to natural
recreation of educational and conservation aims for visitors in various
ages, people with. disabilities and all economical segments 6f visitor.
Then, nature-based reoreational activity and facilities were developed
to meet the needs of nature park and the concept of integrated
ecotourism activity, plan
Architecture and Planning Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Keywords: nature-based recreation, activity, facitities, Grojogan
NATURE.BASED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
AND FACILITY DEVELOPMENT FOR
ECOTOURISM OF TAMAN WISATA ALAM
GROJOGAN SEWU, TAWANG MANGU,
INDONESIA
Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan
Lab. of Nature Tourism, Dept. of Forest Resource Conservation
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Email: rofiqoirwan@yahoo.com
Sewu.
Email : ahmad_sarwadi@yahoo.com
Retno Nur Utami
l.INTRODUCTIQN
Lab. of Nature Tourism, Dept. of Forest Resource Conservation
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
i
i
1
ABSTRACT
d
The trend
of visitor
enthusiasm
of
Taman Wisata Alam
Grojogan Sewu (TWAGS) have enhanced regarding the attractions of
TWAGS landscape potency. The waterfalls and natural site are main
attractions
of
TWAGS. However, the planning
of
nature-based
The natural area including of forests has potential opportunity
as natule-based recreation. Nature has always offered an extraordinary
appeal to people for countless reasons: the romance of adventure, the
promise of the unexpected, the chance to find beauty drd otre,
benefits in human being. The forest in particular has ofiered a widg
range of opportunities and challenges for people that have'proven
strongly seductive over the course of human history. Recreation plans
can be classified by their scope, orientation, g"ogruphi" area, or client.
270
FOCUSS'NG
@
Aspect of
ECOTOURI$M:
EDUCATION
CONSERYAI'ON
27-T----
DEVELAPMENT
af nature-based
rccreational
activity and
facility
Figure 16.1. Schematical Study Process
to improve the site existing plan. The data were preferred to correlate
Activity
progrcm development proceeded to facility improvement in quality
the site characteristics analysis and visitor activity in the park.
f igure
This study was carried out in Taman Wisata Alam Grojogan
Sewu (TWAGS) the nature park which located at the Karanganyar
District of Central Java Province. The whole area of park covers 64.3
ha and the park is in 20,2 ha. The park is famous with beautiful
waterfall as a main attraction inside the park. The waterfall covers 81
m heiglit with white and high water debit are felt from 1025 m
altitude. The TWAGS is located in highland range 900 - 1100 m
altitude and at range 7"3g'17"-73r'4g"Ls and 114"18'33"114"20' 16"BT.
The nature-scenic beauty, diversity flora fauna in pattern of
nature park.
l
3. RESULTS
l
tropicalrainforest,geomorphologicfeaturesofTWAGSshow
generally recreational potency development and it became the nature
park on October 12,1968 through legal authority letter by Ministry
of
,
Agriculture no 264lKPTSrulW10/1968. The TWAGS has been in
management of Directorate of Nafure Conservation and Forest
Management, Ministry of Forestry. Nature tourism of the park has '
,
been managed by private company.
The mean annual rainfall is about 2000-4000 mm. The park has
various slopes from flat to steep land. Respectively, the mean air
temperature is l0oC and 25"C and surrounded by Samin River and
Blumbang River.
16.2. Crqiogan Sewu Waterfallo Karang
Anyar is rnain attraction located inside the
*
Figure 16.3 shows the nature park, especially around the
waterfall generally has been special usage for picnic activities. The
nature park has aesthetic scenic, small restaurant, toilets, swimming
pool, a small mosque and many local people give rent matt for picnic.
Visitors heavily go down the stairs to entry the park and step up the
stairs to the exit about 100 m length. The park is currently used for
limited recreational activities, such as no-affangement picnicking,
playgrounds, and walking trails.
The nature park of TWAGS covers the tropical rain forest at
highland with diversity flora, dominated by pine trees (Pinus
merkusii). Other vegetation is Puspa (Scima walichii), Kaliandra
(C al iandra,qp.), Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), Flamboyan (D el onix
regia), Beringin (Ficus benjamina), Suren (Toona sureeni), Benda
(Artocarpus elastica), and Kantil (Michelia champaca).
The diversity of fauna are often find such as monkey long-tailed
monkey (Maccaca fascicularis), Jalak Putih Lawu Bird (Strur
272
usmelanopteras), Telcukur
Bird (Steptopelia chinensis), Kutilang
(Phsyschonolus caferaureqaster), Prenjak (Prima rufescens), Perkutut
Bird (Geofilia striata), Gelatik Biaf;tr (Parus mayor), Jalak Uren
(strurnus ontra) and Kacamata Bird (Zosterops palpebros as).
The flora fauna characteristics of TWAGS were covered on the
site as perfonned as spatial use of landscape. Figure 16.5. distributes
recreational site including eight spatial types: l) main entrance,
2) pines trees/steep land, 3) wat.rurtall attraction, ) hiking on steep
land 5) picnic ground, 6) second entrance area/exit one/picnic ground,
7) shrubs, and 8) pines trees.
Figure 163. Topography aod Existing Features of TWA Grojogan Sewu Tawang
Mangu.
Based on f,reld observatiorq less than SAYo of mature park xea
was used for recreation. The activity tracking such as hiking has not
been spread evenly across inside the site and the recreational activities
are coocsntrated in the waterfalls area. Figure 16.6 shows intensive
recreational area dominated in the centre of Nature Parkthatreldively
on flat slope or less than l0% slope" Because of large area of steep
land inside the park and heavy tnatenal. of vegetatiotg srnall rnrmber of
recreational activity has been occurred itl0f/o and up of strope or flat
land (Figure 16.7).
Figure 16.4. Diversity of Flora Fauna has the Uniqueness as Potential Aspect for
Nature-based Recreation.
F'igure 15"5. N{ature-based Rocreational Spatial Potential of TWAGS.
Slope variations in TWAGS can be planned for various
activities and facitities. Beer (1990) makes various types of land use
suitability hased on slope analysis (Table 16.1)- Figure 16.7 performs
ttree ffies of slope inside TWAGS included flat slope (angle slope
{J=L0%) wa.s approximateLy 25o/a of zre4 moderute slope (angle slope
L040o/r) was approxinrately 4$o/a of total arc,a and slope higt/steep
land (angle slope > 4AYr) covered about35Yo of tlre naturo park. Semi
intensive - no intensive activiff can be seen on rnedium-high slope of
TWAGS, than if is necessary to irnprove facitrities for nature-based
recreatiom (see Figure 1 "6)"
274
275
Table 16.1. Type of Land Use Based on Permitted Angle of Slope
Permitted angle of slope
Type of land use
Streets and drives
Parkins areas
Main footpaths-bitumen/asphalt
Main ramn on footoath-short
8%
1%
5%
1%
8%
5010
t4%
Entrance areas
Minor footpaths
Terraces-naved
4%
1%
t4%
s%
ao/
1%
Lawns
50
t%
Mown grass banks
33%
Planted slopes
s0%
Source: Beer (1990)
Figure 16.6. Distribution of Activity Intensiry in
TWAGS.
lntensive activity
Serni-lntensive activity
Table 16.2. Slope Analysis of TWAGS
Not lntensive activity
Walking, tracking, picnic, Footpath, Children
resting, Children playing
Playground, Picnic
Board information,
natural trail
The steep andthe
very steep land
The various slope of TWAGS was overlaid with the beauty and
unique scenery proposed development of nature-based recreational
activities and recreational facilities. Table 16.2, Figtre 16.8, and
Figure 16.9 show program and synthesis of slope and visual scenic to
r ealize nature-based recreational activity and facility.
Figure 16.7. Slope Analysis of TWAGS.
276
277
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF'YISITOR
IN TWAGS
Visitor in TWAGS was dominated by young people (15-44
years old), male, under graduate and student (Suripto, 2008; Arifah,
2010; and Handayani, 20ll). The data was not inclusive of disable
people, and children. However, based field observation the children
have often visited to the nature park. In the last five years, foreign
people have come about 1500 people per year. It can be compared
with domestic people about 350.000 people per year. The majority of
the visitors came from Yogyakarta and surrounding or from cenhal
Java Province. The main reason for their visit was picnicking or
recreation. The average staying time in the park was l-3 hours (65%)
and 4-6 hotrs (l7o/o), and staying one night (1,5%). They came
%
AGE
100
90
80
70
60
Figure 16.8. Visual Scenic of TWA Grojogan Sewu Tawang Mangu.
50
40
30
n
10,
0
0/o
WORKING
GSvemment
Figure 16.9. Pinus Trees and Shrub (left), view: River stream and Framed bv
Vegetation (right).
Privat
Employee
Figure 16.10. Visitor Characteristics of TWAGS.
soctor
others
278
27g
with friends of family for enjoying the nature especially to come close
to waterfall (see Table 16.3 and Figure 6.il). Most of the visitors
usually came to TWAGS on Sunday, Saturday or national holiday.
Figure 16. l0 shows characteristics visitor of rwAGS according to sex
ratio, age, education and working.
increasing visitor. The potential young visitors that have status of
student, the orientation of recreation should be guided to education
even though conservation reason. Thus, these were supported by
natural resources of flora fauna diversity. They can be leaming about
Table 16.3. Most Popular Attractions of Visitor.
No
Attractions
Percentage
equencv (7o
I
Waterfall
2
Culinarv (Rabbit Satav)
3
,
Forest
5
4
Natural resources
5
Fresh
6
Others
Air
Total
43
3l
6
9
100
Source: Arifah (2010)
the species, the habitat, the characteristics of flora fauna, the
vegetation growth; the animal behavior and learning any other
knowledge of nature. Simultaneously, learning about nature
knowledge, the visitor can concern in protecting and conserving the
natural resources of the nature park. The student can also learn how
should the local flora fauna be maintained and be growth. Thus, the
nature-based recreational activities have to be supported by the
facilities inside the park. The main idea was to improve the quality of
existing facility and increase the quantity of facility types.
There is always an age influence in outdoor recreation, but it is
sometimes difficult to draw definitive relationships with specific
activities. However, there is a clear age-related trend in participation
patterns represented in selected results from1994-94 National Survey
on Recreation and the Environment shown in Table 16.4.
5. DEVELOPMENT OF' NATURE.BASED ACTIVITY AND
F'ACILITY
Figure 16.11. Potential visitor was 12-17 Years. The Intensive Activity was close to
Waterfall.
Based on site characteristics and visitor data, it can be analyzed
that the existing natural resource or TWAGS included of the main
attraction of waterfall and other attraction of vegetation, river, and
unique contour has been able to be develop their advantage for
To proceed through the development of ecotourism, Figure
16.12 performs three analyses on maps of nature-based recreational
activity. Basically, concerning carrying capacity of the whole area, the
concentrated activity near to waterfall has to be spread to the whole
potential nature park (see Figure l6.I2a). Then, Figure l6.l2b shows
the program of activity that . was spread out inside the site by
improving types
of
activity especially recreational activity
on
moderate- steep land. Area of pine trees, shrubs on moderate-steep
land of land was not effectively in usage for activity in TWAGS. In
order to support the activity program, the pathway program was
developed on map Figure 16.12c. The existing pathway has been not
28 1
280
Table16.4. Participation in Recreation Activities by Age (%) of Respondents'
Figure 16.12a.
Activiu D evelo pment potenti at
A. From and to Gale 3
B. From Gate 3 to Gate 2
C. From cate 2
D. From Gate 3 to near Gate
Activity
Spread program ofactivity to lhe
whole potenlial are:
W
"on""nur,"o
ffi
ffi
activity area
AcfiviY aettetoptrenl area
Figu16 l6.12b.
1. From Gate 3 to
Gate
1
(long lracking)
2. From cate 3 to cate
(short tracking)
1
3. From Gate 2 to cate 2
(medium tracking)
Figure 16,12c.
Pathwa y Devel opm ent Progrum
,.
Main pathway
(exbting)
2. Second pathway
(existing and development)
3. Path for disable people
(development)
4. Hiking path
(development)
rwA
Fitness
Runnins
4049
50-59
60+
76.1
72.0
33.2
28.3
64.0
r7.4
49.7
23.3
37.4
74.6
10.7
21.9
10.6
71.9
64.0
49.7
t6-24
25-29
30-39
77.2
'74.7
50.4
Bikins
37.9
36.2
Walking
68.
l
72.4
8.1
Existing activity area
Activ W Devel opme nt Program
Figure 16.12. Activity tracking analysis of
Age
1
Grojogan Sewu Tawang Mangu.
Source: Ray (2003)
enough
in quantity and quality. The pathway
needs development as
mairipathway (about 12 m in width), second pathway (about 0.80-1
m ln wiOttr;, and pathway for disable people and hiking pathway'
The existing facilities in TWAGS were observed about the
quality of material perfoflnance. Table 16.5 shows the existing
facilities in TWAGS and check list of development. Poor quality of
material was found and checked into improving quality check list. The
facility quantity was predicted based on the recreational need on site.
Standard ofqrutity and quantity were referred to recreational standard
planning and obsirved to the other nature park facility that has high
standard as nature-based recreation area.
Analysis of facility needs and development was implemented in
oi the data of characteristics site and visitor. Figure 16.13
synthesis
,iro*. an alternative of facility development of
TWAGS through
The facility
facility.
and
activity
concept ofnature-based recreational
education
of
aspects
development proglam was focused to ecotourism
and conservuiion. Th.r" are any other altemative program and plan
that needs process of design for ecotourism plan. The concept of
integrated ecotourism activity plan is facing the need of ecotourism
aemand focusing on aspects of conservation and education. The
further research or projects prefer development of nature based
recreational activity and facility to other aspect of ecotourism, such as
local commumty and economics.
282
283
Table 16.5. Check list of facility development in TWAGS
Facilities
I Entry
and exit
Existinl
Proposed Improvinp Increasing
/new
V
Quality
Ecotourism Aspects
Quantity Conservation
lon
V
I
Gates
z
Natural Trails
J
Swimming
pool
V
4
L
Bridge
Shelter
V.
V
9-
Toilet
7
Small
V
V
j
V
v
V
V
fi
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
{
V
V
$
I
Restaurant
8
9
Bench
Security
I
V
V
v
{
{
office
l0
ll
Children play
eround
t1 Information
'l
V
v
V
I
,3
V
V
V
board
t2 Orientation
V
s
V
,{
lf
j
V
board
d
B
V
13 Ecosystem
V
information
V
V
Figure 16.13. Facility development of TWA Grojogan Sewu Tawang Mangu.
board
t4 Praying room
v
V
(musholla)
15
Photo spot
board
T6
Flying fox
6.
V
V
17 Small movie
V
18 Danger
V
V
V
tower
board
l9 Bird watching
tower
20 Mini Museum
2t Vegetation
name tas
FACILITY DESIGN CONCEPT
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
v
V
V
As we did development plan of facility, the design concept was
thought based on the suitability of site characteristics and visitor
needs. Shelters, information boards, ecosystem information board,
danger board, danger signal board and others were designed for
ecotourism aims in mastff plan. Conservation and education in
ecotourism were design purposes of facilities in order to support the
activity. Nature-based recreational activity and facility should be an
integrated plan of ecotourism in TWAGS. Figure 16.14 shows some
design concepts of facility in TWAGS.
284
28s
2)
was based on sustainable protected natural area. There are plentiful
programs of ecotourism can be developed in TWAGS with its natural
resources and the trend of visitor, than strategic management planning
and master plan should be the needs.
hht
.l
|
3;
ffiry
Figure 16.14. Facility concept design: 1) Shelter, 2)
Information board, 3) photo spot
board,4) Ecosystem information, 5) and 6) Signal
boards.
7. CONCLUSIONS
The basic aim of development of nature_based
recreational
activity and facility in TWAGS should be to reveal
the existing naturar
resources potential of the nafure park as natural
attractions tha"t can be
source of reasons of visit. otherwise, the activity
of visitor shourd be
guided not only in enjoying the nature as
recreation but also
conservation and education reasons. Ecotourism
is facing the
integrated activities supported by pranning and
design of facility that
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Taman Wisata Alam Grojogan Sewu, Kabupaten Karanganyar,
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Gul, Atila, M. Kamil Orucu, and Oznur Karaca.2006. An Approach
for Recreation Suitability Analysis to Recreation planning in
Golcuk Nature Park, Jotrnal of Environmental Management
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Yogyakarta.
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