Front page AIC ICMSA 2016 | AIC Committe | Proceedings of AICS Social Sciences 1 SM
CO M M I TTEES
Adv isor y Com m it t e e s
Prof. Dr. I r . Sam sul Rizal, M.Eng, Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Dr. Hizir, Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Prof. Dr. I r . Hasanuddin, M.S., Syiah Kuala Univer sit y - I ndone sia
Or ga n iz in g Com m it t e e s
Chairm an: Dr. Syaifullah Muham m ad, M. Eng
Vice Chairm an: Prof. Dr. Sam adi, M. Sc Dr. Rini Okt avia, S.Si, M.Si Secret ary: Dr. Nasrul Arahm an, MT drh. Triva Murt ina Lubis, MP
Scie n t if ic Com m it t e e s
Dr. drh. Al Azhar, M. Kes Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Dr. Saiful, M.Si Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Dr. Heru Fahlevi, SE., M.Sc Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Dr. Taufik F. Abidin, M.Tech Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Dr. Hasan Basri Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Prof. Dr. Muchlisin Z.A., S.Pi, M.Sc. Syiah Kuala Universit y - I ndonesia Dr. Shabri A. Maj id, SE., M.Ec Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia
Main Secretariat : LPPM Unsyiah. Biro Lama KPA Unsyiah Lt. 2. Website : www.aic.unsyiah.ac.id, E-mail : [email protected]
ED I TOR
Prof. Dr. Sam adi, M.Sc. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Dr. Saiful, S.Si. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Dr. Heru Fahlev i, S.E., M.Sc. ( Syiah Kuala Univer sit y – I ndonesia) Dr. Nasrul Arahm an, ST, MT ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Dr. Yunisrina Qism ullah Yusuf, S.Pd., M.Ling. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Dr. I rsyadillah S.Pd., M.Sc. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Dr. Hasan Basri M.Com . ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Dr. drh. Al Azhar, M. Kes. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) dr. Trist ia Rinanda, M.Si. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia)
REV I EW ER
Dr. M. Dani Supardan (Syiah Kuala University – Indonesia) Dr. Taufik Fuadi Abidin (Syiah Kuala University – Indonesia)
Dr. Salm awat i (Syiah Kuala University – Indonesia) Dr. Mohd. I qbal (Syiah Kuala University – Indonesia) Dr. I ra Devi Sara (Syiah Kuala University – Indonesia) Dr. Jane Teng Yan Fang ( Sult an I dris Educat ion Universit y – Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. K. Ponnari Lakshm i ( Narasaraopet a Engineering College – I ndia) Asst . Prof. Dr . Pairot e Bennui ( Thaksin Universit y – Thailand) Dr. Ahm ed H. Ahm ed ( Sout h Valley Universit y – Egypt ) Dr. Alhashm i Aboubaker Lasyoud ( Sharj ah Universit y - Unit ed Arab Em irat es) Dr. Rosaria Mit a Am elia, M.Hum . ( Universit as Padj aj aran – I ndonesia) Dr. T. Zulfikar Akarim ( Universit as I slam Negeri Ar Raniry - I ndonesia) Dr. Sit i Sarah Fit riani, M.A. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Wardah, S.H, MH, LL.M. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia) Nellyana Rossa, S.H, LL.M. ( Syiah Kuala Universit y – I ndonesia)
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Main Secretariat : LPPM Unsyiah. Biro Lama KPA Unsyiah Lt. 2. Website : www.aic.unsyiah.ac.id, E-mail : [email protected]
W ELCOM E SPEECH FROM TH E RECTOR
Assalam ualaikum Wa Rahm at ullahi Wa Barakat uh,
I n t he Nam e of Allah, t he Most Beneficent , t he Most Merciful May t he peace, t he m ercy, and t he blessings of Allah be upon you.
Dist inguished Part icipant s, Ladies and Gent lem en, On behalf of Syiah Kuala Universit y, I would like t o welcom e all of you t o t he The 6 th Annual
I nt ernat ional Conference Syiah Kuala Universit y in conj unct ion wit h The 12t h I nt ernat ional Conference on Mat hem at ics, St at ist ics and Their Applicat ion ( I CMSA) , 2016.
I sincerely hope t his conference is inspiring and also t he one t o be ant icipat ed in t he next yea rs t o com e. The organizing com m it t ee is com m it t ed t o m ake t his conference a success wit h it s ready applicat ions not only t o t he universit y but also t o t he governm ent . No m at t er how m uch we can accom plish by ourselves, whet her it be research or developm ent , it is never sufficient in t his world of knowledge. Therefore, t he focal drive of t his conference is t o exchange ideas, and by part icipat ing in t his exchange, it is hoped t hat all part ies who m ay benefit from t he conference can apply it in m anaging act ivit ies in t heir areas. I t is pleasing t o not e t hat t he agenda of t his conference covers a wide range of int erest ing t opics relat ed t o life sciences, sciences and engineering, social sciences, and special t opics on m at hem at ics and st at ist ics sciences.
Last but not t he least , m y deepest grat it ude goes t o t he Organizing Com m it t ee, inst it ut ions, and com panies who have direct ly and indirect ly support ed t he well - running of t his sem inar. The com m it t ee has organized a vibrant scient ific program and is working hard t o present highly respect ed and int ernat ionally not orious speakers t o lead it . Alt hough we t ry our finest t o be professional, on behalf of t he Rect or of Syiah Kuala Universit y, please accept our sincere apologies should t here be inconveniences t hat occur before, during, or aft er t he event .
I wish you a very product ive conference wit h excit ing and encouraging discussions and exchange of knowledge so t hat t oget her we can ant icipat e a fut ure of groundbreaking sciences, t echnologies and educat ion. May God bless us all wit h good healt h t o m ake t his event a successful and enj oyable one!
Thank you.
Prof. Dr. I r. Sam sul Rizal, M.Eng Rect or of Syiah Kuala Univ ersit y
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Main Secretariat : LPPM Unsyiah. Biro Lama KPA Unsyiah Lt. 2. Website : www.aic.unsyiah.ac.id, E-mail : [email protected]
M ESSAGE FROM TH E CH AI RM AN
Assalam ualaikum Wr. Wb. Honorable Guest s, Present ers, and Part icipant s, As t he Chairperson of t he Organizing Com m it t ee, I t ake t he privilege t o warm ly welcom e our
dist inguished speakers and delegat es who have com e from all over I ndonesia and overseas t o our conference t oday. We are indeed honored t o have you here wit h us.
The Annual I nt ernat ional Conference ( AI C) conference is a forum of inform at ion dist ribut ion, scient ific discussion of lit erat ure, research, innovat ive and sust ainable t echnology, indust ry product , et c. The AI C act ivit y has been carried out regularly by Unsyiah since 2011. This year, t he universit y will host The 6 th Annual I nt ernat ional Conference ( AI C) in conj unct ion wit h The 12t h I nt ernat ional Conference on Mat hem at ics, St at ist ics and Their Applicat ion ( I CMSA) . Furt herm ore, in t his year The AI C program will also deliver an I nnovat ion Ex po and I ndust rial Forum event .
Wit h m any research act ivit ies t hat are conduct ed t oday on t he global ext ent , it is im port ant t o share t hem t o prom ot e int egrit y in research at an int ernat ional level. Accordingly, about 150 papers will be present ed in t his event , including t hose in t he fields of Sciences and Engineering, Life Sciences, Social Sciences, and I CMSA t opics. Therefore, t o all part icipant s, I would like t o t hank you for your valuable cont ribut ions t o t his conference.
I am also happy t o infor m t hat t he com m it t ee is fort unat e t o have five keynot e and invit ed speakers from Aust ralia, Canada, Thailand, Malay sia and I ndonesia, w ho have support ed us from t he very beginning wit h t heir capabilit ies t o t ry and personally com e and m eet you all here at t he conference.
At t his j unct ure, I would like t o t ake t he opport unit y t o t hank everyone who has m ade t his event happen. I t is a great pleasure for m e t o be a part of t he organizing com m it t ee t o coordinat e such a rem ark able conference. I t does not only funct ion as a plat form t o bring us who are academ icians, researchers, st udent s and ot hers in sharing our research and experiences, but it also bridge us t o furt her share ideas, concerns and const ruct ive exam ples t hat we gain from t his conference t o build our societ y.
Finally, I hope t hat all part icipant s will have m em orable m om ent s t hrough t his conference. The weat her in Banda Aceh at t he m om ent is at it s best , so we hope t hat you enj oy your st ay in Banda Aceh.
Thank you.
Sincerely, Chairm an of Com m it t ee Dr. Syaifullah Muham m ad, M. Eng
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CONTENTS
Pages EDITORIAL BOARD
MESSAGE FROM THE RECTOR
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MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN
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No Scientific Paper Keynote and Invited Speaker
Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Program: Advanced Synchrotron 1 Technology for Livestock and Feed Research Peiqiang Yu
2 The 3 Ps of Reproduction: Pheromones, Photons and Phood Graeme B. Martin 3 3
Theme : Chemistry-Chemical Engineering
Biodiesel Production by Microwave Assisted Methanolysis of Refined Palm Oil in a Flow 4 Reactor
6 Marwan, Muhammad Furqan, Amzar Arfa and Cut Meurah Rosnelly (Indonesia) In Situ Transesterification Of Screw Pine (Pandanus Tectorius) Seed To Biodiesel Using 5 Mechanical Stirrer
11 Mahlinda Mahlinda, M. Dani Supardan, Husni Husin and Medyan Riza (Indonesia) The Adsorption Process of Nitrite and Nitrate Content from Fertilizer Plant Liquid Waste of 6 PT. PIM by Using Activated Carbon from Coffee Waste
18 Mariana, Mahidin and Farid Mulana (Indonesia) Simultaneous Adsorption Of Trace Metal And So2using Zeolite Adsorbent During 7 Combustion Of Brown Coal
23 Asri Gani (Indonesia) Chitosan-rhodamine B probe as a simple colorimetric naked-eye sensor for Hg 2+ in 8 aqueous solution
30 Zarlaida Fitri, Della Kharisma and Muhammad Adlim (Indonesia) 9 PI Control of a Continuous Bio-Reactor Rudy Agustriyanto (Indonesia)
34 Activation of Palm Midrib by Using Mixed Citric Acid and Tartaric Acid and its Application
10 for Adsorption of Zn (II) Heavy Metals from Wastewater 40 Farid Mulana, Mariana, Pocut Nurul Alam and Abrar Muslim (Indonesia) Synthesis And Characterization Of Bioplastic Based On Cassava Starch-PLA For Food 11 Packaging Application
46 Harunsyah, Ridwan, Salahuddin (Indonesia)
Utilization of Crude Extract Papain from Papaya Latex as A Coagulant inThe Tofu 12 Production
53 Faridah, Fachraniah, Ariefin, Ayu Ardhia Rizqi and Cut Meutia Sari (Indonesia) Synthesis of α-Mn 2 O 3 @α-MnO 2 Core/Shell Nanocomposite and Catalytic Oxidation of
13 Phenolic Contaminants in Aqueous Solutions Edy Saputra (Indonesia), Jhon ArmediPinem (Australia), Syaiful Bahri (Indonesia), 58 Shaobin Wang (Australia)
Application of a water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for treatment of wastewater from a 14 chicken farm
62 Suhendrayatna, Marwan, Putri and Susanti Ria (Indonesia) Identification of Mineral of Jades from Nagan Raya Aceh, Indonesia by using XRD and 15 SEM-EDX Techniques
66 Julinawati, Lubis, Irfan Mustafa (Indonesia)
Theme : Architecture, Civil And Mechanical Engineering
Development and Performance Test of Furrower Model Blade to Paddlewheel Aerator 16 Samsul Bahri, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan, Wawan Hermawan and Muhammad Zairin
Junior (Indonesia)
17 The Priorities of Selection Suppliers Ikhsan Siregar (Indonesia) 77 18 Vehicles Potholes Detection Based Blob Detection Method and Neural Network Backpropagation Model
Dewiani Djamaluddin, Andani Achmad and Rivanto Parung (Indonesia) Performance of Network Mobile Multi Node Wireless Sensor For Application to Landslide
19 Movements 88 Hafsah Nirwana, Eddy T, Muh. Ahyar and Ibrahim Abduh (Indonesia) CFD Simulation Of LPG Combustion In Annular Combustion Chamber Of Micro Gas 20 Turbine Asyari Daryus, Ahmad Indra Siswantara, Budiarso, Gun Gun R. Gunadi and Rovida
94 Camalia (Indonesia)
Theme : Agricutural Science and Plant Biology
Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Enriched with Lemongrass Essential Oil Against 21 Phomopsis vexans of Eggplant
101 Nurul Faziha Ibrahim and Eleoni Rikan Marten (Malaysia) Fig Wasps Emergence Sequence and the Number of Nematodes Carried Out of Ficus 22 racemosa Figs
Study on Fermented Complete Feed by Using Sago Residues as Main Sources Diet on
105 Jauharlina, Eka Putra and Stephen Compton (Indonesia)
23 Performance and Internal Organ of Sheep 110 Samadi, Sitti Wajizah and Yunasri Usman (Indonesia)
Analysis of Drought Severity and Hydrological Disaster Mitigation Efforts in Krueng Jreue 24 Subwatershed, Great Aceh
117 Helmi, Hairul Basri, Sufardi and Helmi (Indonesia) Evaluation of Weevil Productivity and Infestation on Stored Sweet Potatoes in 25 Terengganu, Malaysia
123 Nur Aida Hashim, Nurul Athirah Muhamad Noor and Nurul Adawiyah Zulkifli (Malaysia) Feed Enriched With Fermented Cocoa Pod and Sugar Cane Byproducts Improve 26 Agricultural Business Economy of Beef Cattle Gandapura District, Bireuen, Aceh
128 Dzarnisa, Didy Rachmadi and Muhammad Fakhrurradhi (Indonesia)
27 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Communities at the University Farm of Ie Seuum Station Fikrinda, Syafruddin, Sufardi and Rina Sriwati (Indonesia) 133 Genomic DNA Extraction of Lactobacillus Isolates From Aril Durian Fermentation (Jruek
28 Drien) 138 Yulia Sari Ismail, Cut Yulvizar and Novekhana Anelia (Indonesia) The ability of Leptosphaeria biglobosa to infect oilseed rape and swede cultivars grown in 29 New Zealand
Suhaizan Lob, Marlene Jaspers, Hayley Ridgway and Eirian Jones (Malaysia) 30 In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Piper nigrum L. Noni Zakiah, Yanuarman and Miralena Kartika (Indonesia)
146 Rapid and Non-Destructive Evaluation by NIRS: Comparison between Partial Least 31 Square and Support Vector Machine Regression Approaches to Predict Total Acidity of Intact Mango
150 Rahmaddiansyah and Agus Arip Munawar (Indonesia)
Antibacterial activity of the extract combinations of Myrmecodia pendens and Zingiber 32 officinale var. rubrum
154 Munira, Muhammad Nasir and Ainun Mardiah (Indonesia) Fusarium species associated with infected sea turtle eggs in Chagar Hutang, Redang 33 Island Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique, Andrew A. Ngadin, Nurul Faziha Ibrahim and
159 Juanita Joseph (Malaysia)
Theme : Animal, Fisheries and Marine Science
Effect of Salinity on the Growth of Juvenile Giant Trevally (Caranx ignobilis) 34 Firdus, Sayyid Afdhal El Rahimi, Muhammadar A. Abas, Boihaqi, M. Ali S and Samadi
165 (Indonesia) Biodiversity of Fish in the Krueng Geumpang River After One-Year Mass Kill of Fish in 35 Geumpang, Pidie Regency of Aceh Province
170 Muhammad Nasir, Iqbar, Dalil Sutekad, Najian Haly, Muchlisin ZA and Munira (Indonesia)
A Study of Adaptation of Simeuleu Wild Buffalo Behavior for Semen Collection 36 Kartini Eriani, Dasrul, Rosnizar, Ria Ceriana, Irma Suryani and Syahruddin Said
176 (Indonesia)
Wound Healing Effect of the Leaf Extract of Jatropha curcas Linn in Mice 37 M. Nur Salim, Darmawi, Ummu Balqis, Cut Dahlia Iskandar and Dian Masyitha
181 (Indonesia) Supplementation of Aceh Coffee Arabica Extract for Improving Quality of Uterus in 38 Postmenopausal Conditions Using Rats as Animal Models
185 Safrida and Mustafa Sabri (Indonesia)
39 Identification of Cellulase from Enterobacteriaceae in the Rumen of Aceh’s Cattle Based on Homology 16S rRNA Gene 188
Wenny Novita Sari, Safika, Darmawi and Yudha Fahrimal (Indonesia) Detection of Merozoit Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1) in Erythrocyte Membrane of Mice
40 Infected with Plasmodium berghei 192 Rosnizar and Kartini Eriani (Indonesia) Effect of Hunting Activity on the Level of Blood Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium on 41 Local Dogs in Tabek Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
197 Triva Murtina Lubis, Sri Rahmila Indris, Gholib and Azhar (Indonesia)
Theme : Pharmacy and Health Science
42 Drugs Knowledge of School Going Adolescents in Banda Aceh Afriani and Haiyun Nisa (Indonesia) 202 Antioxidant Activity and Vitamin C of Banana Peel Infused Water Basis on Difference of 43 Infuse Duration and Water Temperature Using DPPH Radical Scavenging and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Method
Manna Wassalwa, Supriatno and Hafnati Rahmatan (Indonesia) Optimization of Early Warning System Using Climate Data for Malaria Elimination in Aceh 44 Province
213 Rinidar, Zaitun, Hamny and M. Isa (Indonesia) Syneresis and Acidity Evaluations On Probiotics Milk Added By Different Levels Of Lactic 45 Acid Bacteria and Carrot (Daucus carrota L) puree
219 Yurliasni, Yusdar Zakaria, Zuraida Hanum and Raudhatul Jannah (Indonesia) Fast and Simultaneous Detection of Honey Adulteration and Soluble Solids Content using
46 Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy 223 Agus Arip Munawar, Hendri Syah and Yusmanizar (Indonesia) The Correlation Between The Level of Knowledge, Educational Degree and Family 47 Support to The Drug Compliance in Leprosy Patients in North Aceh District
227 Fitria and Vera Dewi Mulia (Indonesia) 48 Factors Affecting Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Pregnancy Marisa and Juwita (Indonesia) 232
49 Another Way to Trace Microbes in Human Tissue Section Wilda Mahdani (Indonesia) 237 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram Negative Bacteria from Urine Samples in the
50 Primary Hospital Care of Banda Aceh, Indonesia 242 Masra Lena Siregar, Hijra Novia Suardi (Indonesia) 51 Riboflavin Deficiency: What Do We Really Know?
Juwita and Marisa (Indonesia) 247
Theme : Social Science
52 Integration of oil palm and cattle to empower farmers’ economic in east aceh, Indonesia Saifuddin Yunus, Suadi Zainal, Suryadi and Fadli Jalil (Indonesia) 253 53 The effects of sukuk (islamic bonds) in the economy Derry Fahrian and Chenny Seftarita (Indonesia)
257 The role of knowledge management on the performance of coffee company in southeast
54 asian countries: an initial meta-analytic review 262 Hendra Syahputra and Edwar M Nur (Indonesia) 55 Dividend policy in developed and developing countries: a literature review Husaini, Said Musnadi and Faisal (Indonesia)
269 56 The family firm’s performance: a literature review Iswadi, Said Musnadi and Faisal (Indonesia)
274 57 Critical theory and accounting research: a critical review Irsyadillah (Indonesia)
279 Determinants of budgeting consistency in local goverment – a case of sabang local
58 goverment Indonesia 285
Heru Fahlevi, Islahuddin and Didi Wahyudi (Indonesia)
The contribution of risk management to profit and cost efficiency in rural shariah banks 59 (bprs)
291 Anggraeni (Indonesia) The effect of industrial diversification and geographic diversification on the practice of 60 earnings management (an empirical study on manufacturing companies listed on indonesian stock exchange year 2011-2014)
298 Dahlia and Hasan Basri (Indonesia)
The relationship between knowledge and stress felt by teachers of economics 61 implementing kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan
304 Lisa Agustina, Nor Aishah Buang and Mohammad Hussin (Indonesia) 62 Honesty in indonesian literature
B. B. Dwijatmoko and B. Ria Lestari (Indonesia)
63 The development of senior high school students’ worksheet based on chemo- entrepreneurship (cep) approach on the topic of colloid 314
Habibati, Zulfadli and Rizki Amalia (Indonesia) Swot analysis: how compact curricular agenda affects english teaching and learning
64 process 319 Nyak Mutia Ismail, Juliana, Rusma Setiyana and Hayatul Muna (Indonesia) 65 Language learning strategies employed by successful and less successful learners
Chairina Nasir, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf and Raihan Zulfarlia (Indonesia) 323 66 “Oke, any questions?” The questioning interaction in an EFL classroom Fina Yanita, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf and Sofyan A. Gani (Indonesia)
328 67 Testing listening by using audio aid and animated film
Dian Fajrina, Syamsul Bahri and Mohammad Kholid (Indonesia) 334 68 English proficiency in facing asean economic community: an opportunity or a challenge?
Iskandar Abdul Samad and Siti Sarah Fitriani (Indonesia) 339 69 Investigating the language choice of acehnese intermarriage couples in the home domain
Zulfadli A. Aziz, Bukhari Daud and Windasari (Indonesia) 345 70 Questioning in teacher talk
351 Cut Aulia Makhsum, Siti Sarah Fitriani and Usman Kasim (Indonesia)
71 The effect of indirect corrective feedback in reducing error on students’ writing Endah Anisa Rahma and Siti Sarah Fitriani (Indonesia) 358 72 Biochemistry concept level of difficulty profile of prospective biology teachers’ perception
Hafnati Rahmatan (Indonesia) 363 Problem-based learning associated by action process object schema theory in
73 mathematics instruction 367 Achmad Mudrikah and Luki Luqmanul Hakim (Indonesia) 74 Developing numeracy skills by using numbers lottery game Dinny Mardiana, Achmad Mudrikah and Nurjanah (Indonesia)
375 Students’ character development and lecturer’s teaching profile in introduction to
75 elementary mathematics class using logical mathematics materials that based on character education 381 Nurjanah, Usep Kosasih and Dinny Mardiana (Indonesia)
The principles of law to resolve disharmony of regulations in the calculation of financial 76 loss to the state
386 Ronald Hasudungan Sianturi, Rizkan Zulyadi and Rahmayanti (Indonesia) Legal instruments for the protection of migrant workers by asean and indonesia national 77 law
390 Jelly Leviza, Ningrum Natasya Sirait and T. Keizerina Devi (Indonesia) Harmonization of asean investment law on the perspective of indonesian national 78 investment law
395 Jelly Leviza, Ningrum Natasya Sirait and T. Keizerina Devi (Indonesia) 79 Post-conflict peace education to build sustainable positive peace in aceh
Suadi Zainal (Indonesia) 399
Poster Session
Identification of Mineral of Jades from Nagan Raya Aceh, Indonesia by using XRD and 80 SEM-EDX Techniques
404 Julinawati, Surya Lubis and Irfan Mustafa (Indonesia) Removal of Naphthol Blue Black Dye from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Titania 81 Pillared Bentonite
404 Surya Lubis, Sheilatina and Vicky Praja Putra (Indonesia) 82 River Water Quality Analysis Near Illegal Gold Mining Area in Aceh Jaya District Saiful, Abduh Ulim and Asri Gani (Indonesia)
405 The effect of cellulose particles from oil palm empty fruit bunch on mechanical properties
83 and the crystallinity of chitosan-cellulose composites 405 Rahmi (Indonesia) 84 Using Bayesian Inference to Analyze the Phylogenetic of Dipterocarpaceae Family Essy Harnelly, Muhammad Subianto and Mirna Yunita (Indonesia) 406
85 Removal of Cadmium from groundwater Using Aceh Natural Zeolite Sri Mulyati, Cut Raziah, Sofyana and Syawaliah (Indonesia) 406 86 Purification And Characterisation Of Thermostable Α-Amylase From Jaboi Sabang Isolat Febriani, Rayyana, Mildatul Ulya, Frida Oesman and T.M. Iqbalsyah (Indonesia) 407
87 Effect of Zeolite Adsorbent on Patchouli Oil Quality Parameter Suraiya, Bastan Arifin and Muhammad Faisal (Indonesia) 407 The Removal of Phospate from Laundry Waste Using Combined Zeolite Adsorption And
88 Cellulose Acetate Ultrafiltration Processes 408 Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Hisbullah and Fuadi Harun (Indonesia)
Structure Formation of Polyethersulfone-Nano Carbon Membrane Prepared with 89 Difference Polymer Solutions
408 Nasrul Arahman (Indonesia)
Analysis Of Chitosan Addition Toward Physical And Mechanical Properties And Bioplastic 90 Degradation Based On Cassava-Peel Starch
409 Umi Fathanah, Mirna RahmahLubis and Cut MeurahRosnelly (Indonesia) 91 Land Suitability for Palm Oil in Tripa Peat-Swamp Forest, Aceh Province (Indonesia) Sufardi, Sugianto, airul Basri, Syamaun A. Ali and Khairullah (Indonesia) 409
Demand Elasticity and Projected Consumption of Raskin in Aceh (Almost Ideal Demand 92 System Approach)
410 Suriani, Diana Sapha and Cut Zakia Rizki (Indonesia) 93 Physical Quality of the Meat of Aceh Cattle Al Azhar, Triva Murtina Lubis, Razali Razali and Sugito Sugito (Indonesia)
Addendum to:
94 A Local Isolate Of Pls
80 Capable Of Producing A Β-Lactams Antiobiotic
Teuku M. Iqbalsyah, Fani Sartika, Yusniar, Nurdin Saidi and Febriani 412
Geochemical Study On Geothermal Systems In Upflow And Outflow Manifestations Zone, 95 Seulawah Agam, Aceh Besar Muhammad Yusuf, Muksin Alatas, Subhan, Andi Lala, Ghazi Mauer Idroes, Fajar Fakri,
412 Marwan, Muhammad syukri, Saiful, Rinaldi Idroes (Indonesia)
Isolation and Screening of Proteolytic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Civet (Paradoxurus
96 hermaphroditus) Murna Muzaifa, Anshar Patria, Febriani, Amhar Abubakar (Indonesia)
Keynote and Invited Speaker
AAC Dayan Dawood, Darussalam-Banda Aceh, Indonesia
October 4-6, 2016
Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Program: Advanced Synchrotron Technology for Livestock and Feed Research
Peiqiang Yu
Professor and Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada *Corresponding author: Tel: +1 306 966 4132; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Novel research ideas and novel research tools play a significant role in advances in feed science and animal nutrition research. In this presentation, a novel approach was introduced to show the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based analytical technology, which can be used to study feed molecular structure and structure changes induced by various processing and treatments (e.g. gene- transformation, bioethanol processing, and heat processing) in relation to nutrient utilization and availability in animal. Advanced synchrotron radiation-based technique has been developed as a rapid and non-destructive and bioanalytical technique, unlike conventional wet analytical methods which during processing for analysis often result in destruction or alteration of the intrinsic feed structures. This cutting-edge bioanalytical technique, taking advantages of synchrotron light brightness, is capable of exploring the molecular chemistry or molecular structure of a biological tissue without destruction inherent structures at ultra-high spatial resolutions. To date there has been little application of synchrotron radiation-based infrared microspectroscopy to the study of feed inherent structures in relation to nutrient availability in animal science community.
In our ministry of agriculture strategic research chair program: advanced synchrotron technology for livestock and feed research, we use the beam stations at various international synchrotron centers, including the National Synchrotron Light Source in Brookhaven National Laboratory (NSLS-BNL, New York, USA) and Advanced Light Source (ALS, California) which are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and various founding agency and Canadian Light Source (CLS) at University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada) which is supported by Canadian federal and provincial funds are main synchrotron sources for our study. The outline of my presentation include: I. what is Synchrotron? a) short definition;
b) major components of synchrotron; II. synchrotron molecular spectroscopy techniques; a) principle and advantage of synchrotron radiation; b) synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy; III: applications: synchrotron-based research programs; a) feed structure in relation to nutrient availability;
b) feed molecular-chemical make-up; c) feed molecular chemistry imaging; d) effect of gene transformation on feed structure; e) heat-induced changes in structure and relation to nutrient availability; f) effect of bioethanol processing on feed structure and quality. In summary, the synchrotron-based technology is making contributions to advances in feed science and nutrition research.
Keywords: Feed Structure, Synchrotron Application, Molecular Nutrition, Feed Technology, Molecular Imaging Nutrient Utilization and Availability
The 3 Ps of Reproduction: Pheromones, Photons and Phood
Graeme B. Martin
*UWA Institute of Agriculture M082, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009 Australia
Corresponding author: [email protected].
For about 40 years, I have been wondering about how reproduction is affected by the environment.
A lot of my basic research is relevant to human fertility but it is difficult to ask fundamental questions with experiments on people so, in biomedical research, we use animal models. My models include the emu, ostrich, marsupials, domestic dog, African wild dog, rhino, and pygmy hippo. However, in this lecture series, I focused on the humble sheep: its reproductive system is similar to ours, perhaps more than we would like to admit, and it has the added advantage of being an important industrial animal. The sheep brain takes in information about night length (photons), the odours of its flock mates (pheromones), and the availability of phood, and integrates this information with information about its own body status (energy stores; pregnancy; lactation). It then enacts a strategy that has been fine-tuned over evolutionary timescales to maximise reproductive success. As with most scientific journeys, unexpected discoveries about reproduction in sheep have offered new perspectives about mammalian biology. For example, we used to think that brain cells cannot divide, but now we know that they can do so in response to photons and pheromones from the outside world. We also used to view reproduction as a simple process in which the brain produces a hormone that stimulates the ovaries and testes, but now we know that brain-gonad communication is an intricate two-way exchange. Even within the gonad, there is a whole extra suite of communication channels, perhaps the most astonishing involving a massive group of molecules called small RNAs that are produced by DNA and interfere with the control of the cells by the genes. Gone is the simple traditional view that a gene produces RNA that produces a protein. What are the implications for these discoveries? First, we are increasingly optimistic about the possibility of regenerating and repairing brain tissue. Second, small RNAs offer a whole new suite of possibilities for dealing with problems in our tissues. Third, photons, pheromones and phood have led to new options for clean, green and ethical management of livestock. So, in this one small presentation about reproduction, offer you three revolutions.
Keyword : Animal reproduction, RNAs, DNA, brain tissues
THEME : CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
AAC Dayan Daood, Darussalam-Banda Aceh, Indonesia October 4-6, 2016
Biodiesel Production by Microwave Assisted Methanolysis of Refined Palm Oil in a Flow Reactor
Marwan * , Muhammad Furqan, Amzar Arfa, Cut Meurah Rosnelly
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternative fuels to reduce or even replace petroleum based diesel fuel. It offers many significant benefits, including being renewable, less greenhouse gas effect, low pollution, and non-toxic, while for the engine, biodiesel requires no modification and has excellent lubrication properties. Its production is potentially enhanced by combining the processes with microwave irradiation. Microwave does not only provide heating effect on the reactions, but also stimulate intermolecular interaction of involving materials such as reactants, solvent, and catalyst which is expected contributing on reaction rate enhancement. The purpose of this study is to produce palm oil biodiesel at
a maximum yield in a short time by utilizing a flow reactor and microwave heating. The methanolysis was catalyzed by sodium hydroxide. The glass pipe reactor was installed inside a household type microwave. Flow rate of the reacting solution significantly determined the biodiesel yield. The yield was increased as the flow rate was reduced from
90 ml/min to 30 ml/min, and the yield was significantly dropped at lower flow rate due to soap formation in the feed tank. The results showed that the optimal condition of methanolysis was found at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1 and a flow rate of 30 ml/min which resulted in maximum yield of 93%. This flow rate was corresponding to residence time of 1.33 min which is much faster than the reaction time needed in a batch reactor to achieve similar yield. FTIR analysis showed that the product formed is biodiesel. It is characterized by the formation of absorption at a wave number of 1435 cm -1 , which is evidence of the formation of methyl ester groups. The final biodiesel met EN 14214 and SNI standards. It shows a promising feature of flow type microwave reactor to produce biodiesel.
Key words: palm oil, methanolysis, biodiesel, microwave, flow reactor.
Introduction
Biodiesel offers many benefits as an alternative energy resource including being derived from a renewable domestic resource, thereby reducing the dependence on petro-diesel, and being biodegradable and non-toxic nature (Datta and Mandal, 2016). The total annual petroleum demand in the world increased from 90.3 in 2012 to 120.9 (million barrels per day) in 2040 with an average annual increase of 1.0% between 2012 and 2040 (USEI Administration, 2016). Further, petroleum fuel combustion has been known as the main reason for climate change and global warming. Annual
production of CO 2 emissions has increased significantly in recent years. According to projected data, world energy-related CO 2 emissions rise from 32.2 billion metric tons in 2012 to 35.6 billion metric tons in 2020 and to 43.2 billion metric tons in 2040 (USEI Administration, 2016). Therefore, the demanding needs for a clean-burning and sustainable fuel such as biodiesel is constantly growing to avoid future problem of energy supply.
In a typical method of biodiesel preparation, reaction between a plant based oil with an alcohol in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst takes place under conventional heating; heat is transferred to the reaction molecules through convection, conduction, and radiation from the surface of the reactor. Microwave irradiation has become a prospective energy source for many organic syntheses, wherein chemical conversions are accelerated because of selective absorption of microwave energy by polar molecules, non-polar molecules being inert to the microwave dielectric loss (Varma, 2001). Many researches in the recent years show the microwave-assisted synthesis of biodiesel is faster, takes less than 5 –6 min, gives higher yields, and produces fewer byproducts (Vyas et al., 2010; Motasemi and Ani, 2012; Marwan and Indarti, 2016). Separation of the glycerol layer is easy and fast (Refaat et al.,
2008). Since the mixture of plant based oil, alcohol, and homogeneous base catalyst contains both polar and ionic components, fast heating is observed upon microwave irradiation, and because the energy interacts with the reacting compounds on a molecular level, a very efficient heating can be acquired (Barnard et al., 2007). Microwave heating shows superior performance over conventional methods, where heating can be relatively slow and inefficient due to lack of energy transfer rate by convection currents and the thermal conductivity of the reaction mixture (Koopmans, 2006).
In the present work, preparation of palm oil biodiesel was studied by utilizing a flow reactor and microwave heating. Such flow system is much more suitable for large scale production. The methanolysis was catalyzed by sodium hydroxide and carried out at different flow rates and methanol to oil molar ratios. The resulted biodiesel was characterized for its functional groups, and some physical properties.
Materials and Methods
The refined palm oil was purchased from a local store. The palm oil, methanol 99.8% (Aldrich), sodium hydroxide, and deionized water were used as received. Experiments were performed in a modified Panasonic’s NN-ST 342M model microwave unit, working at frequency of 2.45 GHz and maximum power output 800 W. A coiled glass tube (made of Pyrex, 126 cm in length x 0.635 cm in inside diameter) was installed inside the microwave chamber. The reaction fluid was circulated by a peristaltic pump (MasterFlex).
Transesterification was carried out at fixed parameters for the oil amount of 250 g and catalyst loading of 1% (w/w of the oil). Different flow rates (10, 30, 60, and 90 ml/min) and molar ratios of oil and methanol (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) were selected for the transesterification reactions. Fig. 1 shows arrangement of microwave reactor for the present experiments. The oil, methanol, and the catalyst were charged into a 1.0 L feed flask and stirred during the experiments. The mixture was flowed to the reactor inlet by a peristaltic pump at selected flow rate until the mixture in the feed flask was empty. The reactor outlet was connected to a product flask. During the reaction, the microwave oven was run with heating set at low-micro power. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was settled in a separatory funnel overnight, and the biodiesel phase (upper layer) was obtained. Finally, the biodiesel was washed with warm water three times, and dried by adding sodium sulphate. The yield of biodiesel was evaluated by gravimetric method. As a comparison, the palm biodiesel was also prepared by conventional technique in a stirred reactor by water bath heating at 60 o
C for 15, 30 and 60 min. The agitation speed was kept constant at 200 rpm.
The resulted biodiesel was characterized to determine its density, viscosity, water content, acid number, and refraction index. The chemical changes were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometer (Model 8400S, Shimadzu) equipped with Interferometer to exclude the effect of moisture and carbon dioxide in the surrounding atmosphere.
Figure 1. Schematic experimental setup (1. microwave oven, 2. feed flask, 3. stirring unit, 4. peristaltic pump, 5. coiled glass tube, 6. product flask)
Results and Discussion
The reaction mixture was pumped through the coiled glass tube in a single pass. It is essential to determine a precise transesterification time to ensure completion of the reaction. For a flow system, the reaction time corresponds to its residence time, which is determined by the flow rate. Analysis of the The reaction mixture was pumped through the coiled glass tube in a single pass. It is essential to determine a precise transesterification time to ensure completion of the reaction. For a flow system, the reaction time corresponds to its residence time, which is determined by the flow rate. Analysis of the
80 ) (% ld 60
ie Y l
se
e 40 odi
Bi
0 20 40 60 80 100 Flowrate
Figure 2. Biodiesel yield at different flow rates and methanol to oil molar ratios.
In the previous work (Marwan et al., 2015), preparation of biodiesel in batch mode microwave reactor resulted in maximum yield of 94-96% for reaction time of 6-10 min, while the conventional heating method gave similar maximum biodiesel yield after 45 min. The maximum yield of 93% in the present work was observed at the flow rate of 30 ml/min. This flow rate was corresponding to residence time of
1.33 min which is much faster than reaction time needed in the batch mode to achieve similar yield. This result is comparable with the residence times of 1.75 min and 2 min found in Choedkiatsakul et al. (2015) and Encinar et al. (2012), respectively. Higher biodiesel yield at lower flow rate was due to long exposure time to microwave irradiation, and simultaneously causing an increase in thermal gradient during the reaction (Encinar et al., 2012). Thermal microwave effects are revealed being dominant for homogenous-catalyzed reactions (Mazubert et al., 2014).
Theoretical molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:3 is required for the reaction, but higher than the stoichiometric value is necessary in practical production to enhance the degree of reaction completion. Moreover, effect of the molar ratio may be a key parameter due to high microwave absorption of
methanol (Encinar et al., 2012). Owing to its high dielectric constant ( ε = 33) as compared to palm oil ( ε = 3), methanol strongly absorbs microwave energy (Choedkiatsakul et al., 2015). In this study, yield of biodiesel reached 88% for the reaction at stoichiometric composition and flow rate of 30 ml/min. Higher yields of 91% and 93% were obtained as the molar ratio was increased to 4:1 and 5:1, respectively. Effect of the molar ratio was more pronounced at higher flow rates or shorter residence times.
Fig. 3 shows FTIR spectra of the obtained biodiesel. Evidence of the formation of ester groups was characterized by a specific absorption band at 1435 cm -1 arising from (CO)-O-CH 3 . The other strong peaks were related to carbonyl (C=O) at 1737 cm -1 and C-O (antisymmetric axial stretching and asymmetric axial stretching) at 1300-1000 cm −1 . In addition, the stretching vibrations of CH 3 , CH 2 , and C-H of the fatty acid chains appear at frequency around 2916, 2854, and 2999 cm −1 , whereas the bending vibrations ( ρCH 2 ) of these groups appear at 1475-1350, 1350-1150, and 719 cm −1 respectively. These facts are in good agreement with biodiesel spectra reported elsewhere (Naureen et al., 2015; Rabelo et al., 2015; Marwan et al., 2015).
(CO)-O-CH 3
.) u
a. (
ce an
rb so
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Figure 3. Infra-red spectra of the biodiesel produced in the microwave assisted flow reactor
Quality assessment was performed using physicochemical parameters such as density, viscosity, refraction index, acid number, and water content, and determined according to the EN14015 and ASTM D6751 standard methods. The results are listed in Table 1. The finally obtained biodiesel properties were within the mentioned range of biodiesel fuel standards.
Table 1. Quality assessment of biodiesel produced in the microwave assisted flow reactor
Properties
This Work
EN 14214
SNI
Density at 15 o C 896 kg/m 3 860-900 kg/m 3 850-890 kg/m 3
2,3-6 mm 2 /s Refraction Index
Kinematic Viscosity at 40 o C 5,2 mm 2 /s
3,5-5,0 mm 2 /s
1,45 Acid Number
max 0,8 Water Content
A flow reactor system with heating by microwave irradiation was adopted for preparation of biodiesel. Refined palm oil was reacted with methanol, using sodium hydroxide as homogenous catalyst. The most influential variable was flow rate, which corresponds to residence time and also temperature gradient of the reaction. The optimal condition of methanolysis was observed at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1 and a flow rate of 30 ml/min which resulted in maximum yield of 93%. This flow rate was corresponding to residence time of 1.33 min which is much faster than reaction time needed in a batch reactor to achieve similar yield. The study also showed that the quality of the produced biodiesel satisfies the European and Indonesian standards; hence, it can provide an alternative. Moreover, microwave heating offers a fast and easy route to this important biofuel with advantages of enhancing the reaction rate, and lowering production cost that making the biodiesel more economically feasible and being attractive to the consumers.
Acknowledgements
Financial support from Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education for Muhammad Furqan and Amzar Arfa through Student Creativity Program, Grant Year 2015 is gratefully acknowledged.
References
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In Situ Transesterification Of Screw Pine (Pandanus tectorius) Seed To Biodiesel Using Mechanical Stirrer
1,2* Mahlinda, 1 M. Dani Supardan, 1 Husni Husin, 1 Medyan Riza
1 School of Doctoral Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdul Rauf 7 Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111
2 Institute for Research and Standardization of Industry, Banda Aceh, Jl. Cut Nyak Dhien No. 377 Lamteumen Timur Banda Aceh 23236
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
This research aimed to produce biodiesel from screw pine (Pandanus tectorius) seeds through in situ transesterification using mechanical stirrer. The reaction time, reaction temperature, methanol to seed weight ratio and catalyst loading on the biodiesel yield had been observed. The experimental result showed that the maximum yield of biodiesel obtained was 86,38% at reaction time 240 minutes, reaction temperatur process 65 oC, mass ratio of methanol to seed 25:1, KOH catalyst loading 5% at 400 rpm of stirrer speed. Test result of physicochemical properties (viscosity, density, acid value) showed that these parameters conform to SNI 7182-2012. The analyses of fatty acid methyl ester component by Gas Chomatography –Mass Spectrometry identified five chemical componds in biodiesel that were methyl palmitate (26,43%), methyl linoleate (25,57%), methyl octadec (30,57%), methyl oleate (2,73%) and methyl stearate (14,70%).
Keywords: screw pine seed, biodiesel, in situ transesterification, mechanical stirrer.
Introduction