The Increasing of N, P, and K Nutrient in Palm Oil Under Prenursery Seedling By Application of Palm Oil Waste Compost and Endofitic Microbes | Hanum | Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
The I n cr e a sing of N , P, a nd K N ut r ie n t in Pa lm Oil
U nde r Pr e nur se r y Se e dling By Applica t ion of Pa lm Oil
W a st e Com post a nd Endofit ic M icr obe s
1
* Ham idah Hanum , 1 Lisnawit a, and 2 Ahm ad Rafiqi Tant awi
1
Program Agrot echnology st udies Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of Nort h Sum at ra
Program Agrot echnology st udies Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y Medan Area
* Corresponding Aut hor: ham [email protected]
2
Abst ra ct
I m pr ov em ent of palm oil nut rient st at us since at t he nu rsery is one of t he effort s t o im prov e plant
resist an ce t o Ganoderm a at t ack s. Com post from palm oil wast e and pot ent ially endophy t ic m icrobes
could pot ent ially increase plan t nut rien t s, especially N, P and K. This st udy aim s t o det erm ine t h e
pot ent ial of oil palm wast e com post and endophy t ic m icrobes in increasing N, P and K in t he plant oil
palm under prenursery seedling. The st udy was conduct ed in a fact orial ex perim ent wit h t he fact ors
t est ed were t y pes of com post , t y pe and t im e of endophy t ic m icrobial in oculat ion. Resear ch result s
indicat ing t hat t he lev els of N, P and K plant s are not affect ed by t he m ain fact ors and fact or
int eract ion s of t hree fact ors. The concent rat ion of of N, P, K soil is influenced by t he int eract ion effect
of t wo fact or s. The em pt y fruit bunch com post enriched ev ery t y pe endophy t e showed bet t er effect s
t han com post m idrib in in creasing lev els of P and K nu t rient in plant s and plant growt h The
applicat ion endofit ic m icr obe aft er and before Ganoderm a applicat ion
inreased phosphor an d
pot assiu m in plant and growt h plant .
Ke yw o rds: N, P, K, em pt y fruit bunches com post , com post m idrib
I nt r oduct ion
Ganoderm a is a fungal pathogen t hat causes m ajor dam age t o oil palm plantat ions. Plants are
at t acked by decay and event ually die. Ganoderm a is not only at tacking t he plant produces or old
plants are planted on land form erly used for replant ing but also att ack plants t hat have not produced
even in plant s seedling nursery. Oil palm plant at ions in t he village of Gunung Melayu, Bukit Kij ang,
Dist rict Rahuning, Asahan already infected stem rot disease caused by t he fungus Ganoderm a an
incidence rate of m ild to severe disease ( 0.71% - 50% ) . Sym pt om s of t he disease found in young
plants ( 4 years old) t o t he second generat ion of older plant s ( 33 years) first generat ion ( Lisnawit a et
al., 2014). I n t he oil palm replant ing, Ganoderm a att acks can reach 22% in t he year t o 10, rising to
40% four years lat er ( Singh, 1990) .
Rapid progression of t he disease and t he weight on nut rient - poor soil, especially t hat contain lot s of
sand fract ion. Susant o et al ( 2013) reported an infect ion rat e of Ganoderm a in the plant ing m edium
sand is m ore rapid onset and a higher incidence t han in t he plant ing m edium - text ured clay. Hanum et
al ( 2014) reported t hat t he nat ure of t he soil under st ands of palm are at tacked Ganoderm a has a
wide range. Soil pH values in t he range of criteria very acid unt il slight ly acidic, organic-C levels of
crit eria is very low t o very high, levels of N- soil of the criteria is very low t o low, and the t exture of
sandy loam soil, sand and loam y sandy clay loam .
Various cont rol m easures have been carried out but have not provided sat isfact ory result s.
I m provem ent of oil crops nut rient st atus since in the nursery t hrough t he use of organic fert ilizers and
m icrobial antagonists are effect ive cont rol m ethods and environm ent ally friendly. which can increase
plant resist ance t o Ganoderm a at tacks. The role of soil organic m at ter t o im prove soil propert ies,
especially soil nut rient stat us will prom ote plant growt h and developm ent of m icrobial antoganis.
Various endophyt ic fungus has been report ed t o be effect ive biocont rol agent s such as Trichoderm a
( Sariah, 2003) and Penicillium ( Dharm aput ra et al., 1989) , which showed antagonist ic- react ion- wit hGanoderm a.
Com post of em pt y fruit bunches and palm m idrib can be used as a source of organic fert ilizer and
reducing t he need for chem ical fert ilizers. I n 100 kg of em pt y fruit bunches com post contained N, P
and K respect ively equivalent t o 5,09 kg of urea, 1.97 kg of SP- 36, and 11.85 kg of KCl ( Firm an,
2010) . How the potent ial of com post from palm oil waste in t he supply of nut rient s and increase
growth at prenursery seedling in relat ion t o t he inoculat ion prenursery endophyt ic m icrobes need t o
know m ore. This st udy aim ed t o com pare t he effect of t he int eract ion between com post and
inoculat ion of endophyt ic m icrobes t o increase N, P and K plant oil palm on prenursery seedling.
232
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
St udies using pure cult ures of Ganoderm a and t hree isolates of Endofit ic Microbial nam ely
Trichoderm a sp1, Trichoderm a sp 2, Aspergillus sp as collect ion Phyt ophatology Laboratory of
Universit y of Nort h Sum at ra isolat ed from oil palm t rees in t he village of Gunung Melayu, Asahan,
Nort h Sum at ra- I ndonesia, sterile soil m aterials, com post em pt y fruit bunches, palm m idrib com post
palm age 1 m ont h. Experim ent s carried out at the hom e of gauze Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of
Nort h Sum at ra Medan I ndonesia, using a fact orial random ized block design. The first factor is t he t im e
of inoculat ion Ganoderm a and endophyt ic m icrobes, nam ely t he int roduct ion of ganoderm a, 2 weeks
aft er the applicat ion of com post berendofit (W1) and t he applicat ion of com post berendofit, 2 weeks
lat er applicat ion ganoderm a (W2) . The second fact or is t he applicat ion of com post, consist ing of no
com post ( K0) com posts em pt y fruit bunches ( K1), and com post palm fronds ( K2) . The t hird factor is
com posed of endophyt ic m icrobes wit hout endophyt ic m icrobes ( E0) , Trichoderm a sp1 ( E1),
Trichoderm a sp 2 ( E2) and Aspergillus sp ( E3) . Endophyt ic m icrobes used was based on t he result s of
in vit ro t ests ( Lisnawit a, et al, 2014) .
Propagat ion endophyt ic fungus carried on t he carrier grit s. Aft er t hat reproduced by using a zeolit e
wit h a rat io of 1: 9 ( fungus endophyte in corn flour: zeolit e) . Ganoderm a propagated in t he t runk of
rubber wood. Rubber rod planed to dispose of bark, aft er it was cut into pieces with a size of about 5
cm . Pieces of rubber rods boiled t o rem ove the tannin content after it is sterilized wit h NaOCl 5.25%
for 5 m inutes, followed by 95% et hanol for 30 seconds. Once it is rinsed with sterile water 3 t im es.
The next piece of rubber rods inserted in an oven at a t em perat ure of 100 ° C for about 60 m inut es.
Aft er t hat piece of rubber rods im m ersed in m edia m ealt ext ract agar ( MEA) and sterilized by using
aut oclaf ( Nur Ain I zzat i and Abdullah, 2008) . Ganoderm a inoculat ion is done by at t aching a piece of
pure cult ures of Ganoderm a in the t op of t he piece of rubber rods. Cult ures were incubated at room
t em perature for 4 weeks.
The applicat ion of com post and t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a and inoculat ion of endophyt ic m icrobes
adapted t o t he t reatm ent t hat has been com piled. I noculat ion is done on a pre nursery of oil palm
seedlings t hat are ready m oved t o t he m ain nursery. 300 g of com post m ixed wit h 30 g of endophyt ic
fungi are given in each polybag size of 10 kg of soil. Tim ing of com post and Ganoderm a and also
endophyt ic m icrobe adapted t o t reatm ent, t here are com post wit h endofit ic m icrobe given at the
beginning of t he plant by m ixing wit h plant ing m edium . On t he ot her t reat m ent s com post wit h
endofit ic m icrobe given 2 weeks after t he applicat ion of Ganoderm a. Applicat ions Ganoderm a done by
direct contact Ganoderm a on pieces of old rubber t rees wit h palm root s. I norganic fert ilizat ion is not
done. Experim ent s carried out unt il t he plant s are 6 m ont hs old. The param eters m easured were
observat ions of N, P and K plant and crop growth. Dat a were analyzed using analysis of variance and
Duncan test at 5% .
Results a nd D iscussion
The result s showed t hat t he m ain effect of endophytic m icrobes do not affect t he nut rient levels and
plant growt h but t he effect becom es apparent if com bined wit h other fact ors, especially t he t ype of
com post . Furtherm ore, it is known that t he interact ion of com post and t ypes of endophyt ic and
int eract ion com post and inoculat ion t im e endophyt ic affect the levels of N, P and K in plant and plant
growth. The t im e difference inoculat ion and t ypes of endophyt ic affect N plant and plant growt h. While
t he effects of t he int eract ion of t hree factors t ested t reatm ent does not affect t he levels of N, P, K
plants and plant growth ( Table 1) .
Table 1. Effect of organic fert ilizer, t he t ype and t im e of applicat ion of endophyt ic m icrobes on
of N, P, K in plant , and t he growth of palm seedling aged 6 m ont hs
N ( % dry
P- ( % dry
K- ( % dry
High Plant
Tot al
girt h
t reat m ent
m at ter)
m at ter)
m at ter)
( cm )
m idrib ( g)
(mm)
K
ns
**
**
**
ns
**
W
ns
ns
ns
**
ns
**
E
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
KxE
*
**
**
**
ns
**
KxW
*
**
**
**
*
**
WxE
*
ns
ns
**
**
**
KxWxE
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Not e:
* : Significant , * * : very significant , ns: not significant
K0: Wit hout com post, K1: Com post em pt y fruit bunches, K2: Com post palm frond
W1: I nt roduct ions Ganoderm a, 2 weeks aft er inoculation of endophyt ic m icrobes
233
levels
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
W2: endophyt ic m icrobial inoculat ion, 2 weeks later int roduct ion Ganoderm a
E0: wit hout m icrobial endophyte, E1: endophyt ic m icrobes t ype 1 ( Trichoderm a sp1
E2: endophyt ic m icrobes t ype 2 ( Trichoderm a sp2) , E3: endophyt ic m icrobes (Aspergillus)
Differences in levels of N, P, K in plant and plant growt h as t he effect of t he int eract ion bet ween t he
fact ors of t he t ype of com post and t ypes of endophyt ic m icrobes can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Effect of organic fert ilizers and t ypes of endophyt ic m icrobes on levels of N, P, K in plant and
plant growt h
PTot al
N canopy
K- canopy
High Plant
girt h
t reat m ent
canopy
m idrib
(% )
(% )
( cm )
(mm)
(% )
( g)
Wit hout
Endophyt ic
2.03 ab
0.165 b
1.113 de
53.80 b
9.50
67.67 b
Wit hout
Trichoderm a sp1
2.08 ab
0.187 ab
1.084 de
52.52 b
9.33
67.71 b
com post
Trichoderm a sp2
1.95 ab
0.168 ab 1.277 cde
56.70ab
10.00
72.45 ab
Aspergillus sp
2.08 ab
0.167 ab
1.045 e
56.35 ab
9.67
73.63 ab
Wit hout
Endophyt ic
2.05 ab
0.194 ab
1.639abc
60.08 ab
9.50
76.41 a
com post
Trichoderm a sp1
1.75 b
0.208 ab
2.018 a
58.28 ab
9.50
73.50 ab
Bunches
Trichoderm a sp2
1.97 ab
0.195 ab 1.651 abc
60.63 ab
10.17
77.15 a
Aspergillus sp
1.64 b
0.214 a
1.875 ab
60.87 ab
10.33
78.05 a
Wit hout
Endophyt ic
2.26 a
0.176 ab 1.466 cde
59.52 ab
9.83
74.06 ab
com post
Trichoderm a sp1
1.95 ab
0.191 ab 1.457 cde
61.52 a
9.83
74.57 ab
Midrib
Trichoderm a sp2
2.16 a
0.173 ab 1.455 cde
63.47 a
10.17
75.75 a
Aspergillus sp
1.77 b
0.185 ab
1.554 bc
53.80 b
9.83
72.54 ab
Descript ion: The num ber in t he sam e colum n followed by t he sam e lett er are not significant ly different
according t o Duncan test at 5%
Levels of N canopy tends t o decline wit h endophyt ic enriched com post applicat ion. I nst ead endophyteenriched com post applicat ion increases levels of P and K in plant . P in plant highest levels found in
com post t reatm ent com binat ions em pt y fruit bunches and endophyt ic t ypes of Aspergillus sp. K in
plant highest levels found in t he com binat ion t reatm ent of em pt y fruit bunches com post enriched
Trichoderm a sp 2. Growth increased wit h t he applicat ion of com post enriched m icrobial endophyte,
and every kind of endophyt ic show t he sam e effect . Decreasing levels of N headline on t his st udy due
t o t he lim it ed availabilit y of soil N t hat does not m eet t he needs of t he plants while urea is not given.
Besides com post is applied have C / N rat io is st ill som ewhat high at 22.32 ( em pt y fruit bunches
com post ) and 25.6 (com post m idrib). Em pt y fruit bunches have a high fiber content which is difficult
t o decom pose, which is approxim at ely 45.95% cellulose; hem iselulose approxim at ely 16.49% and
approxim at ely 22.84% lignin ( Darm osarkoro and Winarna, 2003). That organic m at erials wit h C/ N
have the longer t he effect in increasing soil fert ilit y ( St evenson, 1984).
Bet ter plant growt h was reached by t he applicat ion of com post and endophyt ic m icrobes. Com post
adds nut rient s t o the plant and m icrobial endophyte, and endophyt ic m icrobes t hought t o increase
plant resistance t o pathogen att ack. The im port ance of the role of organic m aterials reported
Herliyana et al ( 2011) report ed growth of plant seedlings at 8 MST sengon highest in t he t reatm ent of
organic m at erials applicat ions without Trichoderm a and Trichoderm a sm allest value in t he t reat m ent
wit hout organic m at ter, plant showed signs of nut rient deficiencies, especially- nut rient - N- (Herliyana et
al., 2011).
From this research it is known t hat com post enriched endophyt ic m icrobes potent ial t o im prove t he
nut rit ional st atus of low t o m edium P and K nut rient st at us increased up t o a high level. The range of P
and K nut rient st atus are said t o be for oil crops respect ively 0: 17 to 0: 18% and 1- 1.3% ( Dierolf, et
al., 2001) . There are differences in nut rient content of P and K on the used com post, com post
ingredient in em pt y fruit bunches ( 1: 16% P, 1.93% K) higher than com post palm fronds ( 0.30% P,
1: 22% K) .
I m provem ent of plant nut rient stat us P also m aybe caused their role in helping m icrobes Endophyt ic
increase t he availabilit y of P soil t hrough dissolut ion m echanism . Elfiat i, et al ( 2014) reported t he SP36 fert ilizer dosage and applicat ion of phosphate solvent fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium prom ot e
growth and nut rient uptake P nursery of suren. P-dissolving m echanism by m icrobial soil phosphate
234
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
solvent t hrough t he product ion of organic acids t hat can chelated soil alum inum ( Rashid, 2004) and
t he enzym e phosphatase ( Fit riat in et al., 2008) . Differences in levels of N, P, K canopy and plant
growth as the effect of the int eract ion bet ween t he fact ors of t he t ype of com post and m icrobial
inoculat ion t im e can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Effect of endophyt ic m icrobes applicat ion t im e and t he t ype of com post on levels of N, P, K in
plant and plant growt h
P- ( %
K- ( %
High
Tot al
N ( % dry
girt h
Treatm ent
dry
dry
Plant
m idrib
m at ter)
(mm)
m at ter)
m at ter)
( cm )
( g)
Ganoderm a wit hout com post
2.17 a
0.18 ab
1.12 d
51.33 b
9.33 b
65.73 a
t hen
com post t ankos
1.82 b
0.20 a
1.82 a
59.18 a
10.00 a
76.83 b
com post m idrib
2.07 ab
0.18 ab
1.57 ab
57.96 a
9.75 ab
74.03 b
Endophyt ic
Endofit
wit hout com post
1.90 ab
0.16 b
1.14 c
58.35 a
9.92 ab
75.00 b
t hen
com post t ankos
1.88 ab
0.20 a
1.77 ab
60.75 a
9.75 ab
75.72 b
Ganoderm a com post m idrib
2.00 ab
0.19 ab
1.39 bc
63.00 a
10.08 a
74.43 b
Descript ion: The figure in the sam e colum n followed by t he sam e let ter are not significant ly different
according t o Duncan test at 5%
Applicat ions of bot h t ypes of com post nam ely em pt y fruit bunches and palm m idrib enriched
endophyt ic m icrobes before int roduct ion Ganoderm a inoculat ion bet ter effect t han the enriched
endophyt ic aft er t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a in increasing levels of P and K canopy and also t he
growth of plants, but not so against N canopy. Effect of com post is bet t er t han the em pt y fruit
bunches of palm m idrib com post . This difference is due to t he com post bunches containing organic C,
P and K were higher. The effect of Organic fert ilizer on plant responses also determ ined t o t he
incubat ion period and specified t ypes organic fert ilizer. I n t his st udy, organic fert ilizer incubat ed 2
weeks. Riniart y ( 2013) Showed t hat t he sugar agro waste ( bagasse) effect on plant height is bett er
t han em pt y fruit Bunches Palm Oil ( Tankos) ; wast e I ncubat ion period is 3 weeks perform ed bet ter on
t he character of dry weight , rat io of crown root and seedling growth rat e. Bagas incubated 3 weeks
influent ial
t he
best
in
plant
height
of
oil
palm seedlings
in
the
m ain
nursery.
The role of com post in this case in addit ion t o increasing the plant nut rients also creates physical and
chem ical condit ions t hat fost er endophyt ic m icrobes were inoculated first , especially before t he
int roduct ion of Ganoderm a. According Priyatm oj o ( 2009) , an increase in t he populat ion of endophyt ic
fungi t hat act as biological cont rol agents can be enhanced by t he provision of fert ilizer-derived- from organic- m aterials.
Differences in levels of N, P, K in plant and plant growth as the effect of t he interact ion between
fact ors endophyt ic m icrobes and t im e of inoculat ion can be seen in Table 4. Microbial endophyt ic
Trichoderm a sp2 and Aspergillus sp inoculated before t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a tend to reduce
levels of N canopy, but m icrobial inoculat ion endophyt e after int roduct ion Ganoderm a not affect N
canopy. I noculat ion of any kind endophyt ic m icrobes either before or after t he int roduct ion of
Ganoderm a sam e effect in im proving t he growt h of plant s.
Table 4. Effect of endophyt ic m icrobes and t im e inoculat ion on levels of N, P, K in plant and plant
growth
P- ( %
K- ( %
High
Tot al
N ( % dry
girt h
t reat m ent
dry
dry
Plant
m idrib
m at ter)
(mm)
m at ter) m at ter)
( cm )
( g)
Ganoderm a
Wit hout Endofit
2.29 a
0.17
1.437
51.33 b
9.33 b
72.96 ab
Then
Trichoderm a sp1
2.12 abc
0.20
1.489
59.18 a
10.00 a
70.29 b
Endofit
Trichoderm a sp2
1.85bcd
0.18
1.564
57.96 a
9.75 ab
74.41 ab
Aspergillus sp
1.81 cd
0.19
1.535
58.35 a
9.92 ab
71.13 b
Endofit
Wit hout Endofit
1.93abcd
0.18
1.375
60.75 a
9.75 ab
72.47b
Then
Trichoderm a sp1
1.73 d
0.19
1.550
63.00 a
10.08 a
73.57 ab
Ganoderm a Trichoderm a sp2
2.21 ab
0.17
1.358
51.33 b
9.33 b
75.83 ab
Aspergillus sp
1.85bcd
0.19
1.447
59.18 a
10.00 a
78.35 a
Descript ion: The num ber in t he sam e colum n followed by t he sam e lett er are not significant ly different
according t o Duncan test at 5%
Based on the result s of t his st udy not e t hat t he inoculat ion of Aspergillus before t he int roduct ion of
Ganoderm a can im prove plant growt h. Meanwhile, if Ganoderm a int roduced first, t hen the inoculat ion
of Trichoderm a sp 2 gives a bet t er effect . Based on in vit ro t est known endophyt ic fungus Trichoderm a
235
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
sp1., Trichoderm a sp 2, and Aspergillus sp. has a higher inhibit ory against Ganoderm a t han Fusarium
sp. and Penicillium sp. ( Lisnawita, et al., 2014) . Trichoderm a are known to have ant agonist ic react ion
wit h Ganoderm a ( Sariah, 2003) . Pot ent ial antagonist ic also determ ined t he t ype of m icrobe. Based on
t he test antagonist in vit ro as biological agents, Trichoderm a T38 and T39 were able t o inhibit t he
growth of Ganoderm a. Trichoderm a isolates T39 has t he potent ial ant agonist ic st ronger than
Trichoderm a T38 (Herliyana et al., 2011)
Conclusion
Em pt y fruit bunches and m idrib com post enriched endophyt ic m icrobes increase t he levels of P and K
in plant and seed growt h under prenursery seedling. An im provem ent of P levels of plants from low to
m edium and K nut rient levels of m edium t o high, while N levels was low. Applicat ions of bot h t ypes of
com post nam ely em pt y fruit bunches and palm m idrib enriched endophyt ic m icrobes wich applicated
before int roduct ion Ganoderm a have bet ter effect t han t he enriched endophyt ic wich applicated after
t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a in increasing levels of P and K canopy and also t he growt h of plant s.
Trichoderm a sp1, Trichoderm a sp2 and Aspergillus inoculat ed eit her before or after t he applicat ed of
Ganoderm a have sam e pot ent ial in im proving t he growt h of plant s. There was no interact ion effect
bet ween com post , t ype and t im e of endophyt ic m icrobial inoculat ion.
Ack now ledgem e nt
The aut hors t hank t he financial support from t he Minist ry of Educat ion and Culture, I ndonesia
Goverm ent. This st udy is part of research on t he Nat ional Com pet it ive Grant s Schem e MP3EI fiscal
year 2014.
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Sout heast Asia- Handbook Series. Ox ford Graphic Print ers. P 418.
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Growt h Seeds Hara P and Suren ( Toona suren) on Ult isol soil. I n Proceedings of t he Nat ional Sem inar on
Env ironm ent , 94- 100. Univ er sit y of Nort hern Sum at ra. Medan
Firm ansy ah , F.A. ( 20 10 ) . Com post ing t echniques . Papers in Training Sm allholder Oil Palm in Suk am ara , Cent r e
Kalim ant an.5 Oct ober 2010 .
Fit riat in, B.N., Joy ,B., T.Subrot o. T., ( 2008) . The I nfluence of Organic Phophorus Subst rat e on Phosphat ase
Act iv it y of Soil Microbes. Paper present ed on I nt ernat ional Sem inar of Chem ist ry . Bandung 30- 31 Ok t ober
Hanum , H. Lisnawit a, Tan t awi, A.R. ( 201 4) . The Soil Charact erist is Under Palm Oil which I nfect ed Ganoderm a.. I n
Proceeding of “ The 3 rd I nt ernat ional Conference of Mult idisciplinary Research, 71- 7 4 Nort h Sum at ra I slam ic
Univ ersit y . Medan.
Herliy ana, EN , Taniwiry ono , D. , Minarsih , H. , Firm ansy ah , MA , Dendang , B . ( 2011) . At t ack s cont rol of
Ganoderm a spp ( 60- 80 % ) in Crop Plant s Sengon as Pat ron Coffee and Cocoa . Journal of Agricult ural
Science I ndonesia, 16 ( 1 ) : 14- 27
Lisnaw it a, Hanum , H. , Tant aw i , A.R. ( 2014 ) . Test Again st Ant agonism of Endophy t ic Fungus Ganoderm a spp .
St em Rot Disease Cau ses Base oil palm Plant . I n Proceedings of t he Nat ional Sem inar on Plant Disease
Cont rol Sust ainable Agricult ure , 244- 2 52 . Gaj ah Mada Univ ersit y . Yogy ak art a.
Nur Ain I zzat i MZ , Abdullah F. ( 2008 ) : Disease- infect ed Ganoderm a suppression in oil palm seedlings t reat ed
wit h Trichoderm a har zianu m . Plant Prot ec. Sci. , 44 : 101- 1 07.
Priy at m oj o , A. ( 2009) . Role of Fungi in Plant Pat hology . Papers in posit ion I naugu rat ion Speech Professor of Plant
Pat hology at t he Facult y of Agricult ure , Univ ersit y of Gadj ah Mada.2 July 2009 .
Rashid, M. ( 20 04) . Organic and Produ ct ion and Solubilizat ion by Phosphat e Solubilizing Micr oorganism Under I n
Vit ro Condit ion. Pak ist an Journal of Biological Sciences, 7 ( 2 ) : 187- 18 9.
Riniart y , D. , Kusum ast ut y , A. , Tahir , M . ( 2013 ) . Effect of Agro I ndust rial Wast e t y pe Against Main
Perform ance of Oil Seed Nursery on Ult isol. Applied Agricult ural Research Jou rnal , 13 ( 2 ) : 123- 130.
Sariah M. ( 2003) . The pot ent ial of biological m anagem en t of basal st em rot of oil palm seedlings by calcium
nit rat e. The Plant er, 73 : 359–36 1
Singh G. ( 1990) . Ganoderm a - The scourge of oil palm in t he coast al areas. I n Proceedings of t he Ganoderm a
Worksh op, 11 Sept em ber, ( Arifin, D and Jalani, S, eds.) . Palm Oil Research I nst it ut e of Malay sia, Kuala
Lum pur. 7 – 35.
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Susant o , A. , Praset y o , A.E. , Wening , S. ( 2013 ) . The infect ion rat e of Ganoder m a t o t he four classes Soil
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236
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
The I n cr e a sing of N , P, a nd K N ut r ie n t in Pa lm Oil
U nde r Pr e nur se r y Se e dling By Applica t ion of Pa lm Oil
W a st e Com post a nd Endofit ic M icr obe s
1
* Ham idah Hanum , 1 Lisnawit a, and 2 Ahm ad Rafiqi Tant awi
1
Program Agrot echnology st udies Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of Nort h Sum at ra
Program Agrot echnology st udies Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y Medan Area
* Corresponding Aut hor: ham [email protected]
2
Abst ra ct
I m pr ov em ent of palm oil nut rient st at us since at t he nu rsery is one of t he effort s t o im prov e plant
resist an ce t o Ganoderm a at t ack s. Com post from palm oil wast e and pot ent ially endophy t ic m icrobes
could pot ent ially increase plan t nut rien t s, especially N, P and K. This st udy aim s t o det erm ine t h e
pot ent ial of oil palm wast e com post and endophy t ic m icrobes in increasing N, P and K in t he plant oil
palm under prenursery seedling. The st udy was conduct ed in a fact orial ex perim ent wit h t he fact ors
t est ed were t y pes of com post , t y pe and t im e of endophy t ic m icrobial in oculat ion. Resear ch result s
indicat ing t hat t he lev els of N, P and K plant s are not affect ed by t he m ain fact ors and fact or
int eract ion s of t hree fact ors. The concent rat ion of of N, P, K soil is influenced by t he int eract ion effect
of t wo fact or s. The em pt y fruit bunch com post enriched ev ery t y pe endophy t e showed bet t er effect s
t han com post m idrib in in creasing lev els of P and K nu t rient in plant s and plant growt h The
applicat ion endofit ic m icr obe aft er and before Ganoderm a applicat ion
inreased phosphor an d
pot assiu m in plant and growt h plant .
Ke yw o rds: N, P, K, em pt y fruit bunches com post , com post m idrib
I nt r oduct ion
Ganoderm a is a fungal pathogen t hat causes m ajor dam age t o oil palm plantat ions. Plants are
at t acked by decay and event ually die. Ganoderm a is not only at tacking t he plant produces or old
plants are planted on land form erly used for replant ing but also att ack plants t hat have not produced
even in plant s seedling nursery. Oil palm plant at ions in t he village of Gunung Melayu, Bukit Kij ang,
Dist rict Rahuning, Asahan already infected stem rot disease caused by t he fungus Ganoderm a an
incidence rate of m ild to severe disease ( 0.71% - 50% ) . Sym pt om s of t he disease found in young
plants ( 4 years old) t o t he second generat ion of older plant s ( 33 years) first generat ion ( Lisnawit a et
al., 2014). I n t he oil palm replant ing, Ganoderm a att acks can reach 22% in t he year t o 10, rising to
40% four years lat er ( Singh, 1990) .
Rapid progression of t he disease and t he weight on nut rient - poor soil, especially t hat contain lot s of
sand fract ion. Susant o et al ( 2013) reported an infect ion rat e of Ganoderm a in the plant ing m edium
sand is m ore rapid onset and a higher incidence t han in t he plant ing m edium - text ured clay. Hanum et
al ( 2014) reported t hat t he nat ure of t he soil under st ands of palm are at tacked Ganoderm a has a
wide range. Soil pH values in t he range of criteria very acid unt il slight ly acidic, organic-C levels of
crit eria is very low t o very high, levels of N- soil of the criteria is very low t o low, and the t exture of
sandy loam soil, sand and loam y sandy clay loam .
Various cont rol m easures have been carried out but have not provided sat isfact ory result s.
I m provem ent of oil crops nut rient st atus since in the nursery t hrough t he use of organic fert ilizers and
m icrobial antagonists are effect ive cont rol m ethods and environm ent ally friendly. which can increase
plant resist ance t o Ganoderm a at tacks. The role of soil organic m at ter t o im prove soil propert ies,
especially soil nut rient stat us will prom ote plant growt h and developm ent of m icrobial antoganis.
Various endophyt ic fungus has been report ed t o be effect ive biocont rol agent s such as Trichoderm a
( Sariah, 2003) and Penicillium ( Dharm aput ra et al., 1989) , which showed antagonist ic- react ion- wit hGanoderm a.
Com post of em pt y fruit bunches and palm m idrib can be used as a source of organic fert ilizer and
reducing t he need for chem ical fert ilizers. I n 100 kg of em pt y fruit bunches com post contained N, P
and K respect ively equivalent t o 5,09 kg of urea, 1.97 kg of SP- 36, and 11.85 kg of KCl ( Firm an,
2010) . How the potent ial of com post from palm oil waste in t he supply of nut rient s and increase
growth at prenursery seedling in relat ion t o t he inoculat ion prenursery endophyt ic m icrobes need t o
know m ore. This st udy aim ed t o com pare t he effect of t he int eract ion between com post and
inoculat ion of endophyt ic m icrobes t o increase N, P and K plant oil palm on prenursery seedling.
232
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
St udies using pure cult ures of Ganoderm a and t hree isolates of Endofit ic Microbial nam ely
Trichoderm a sp1, Trichoderm a sp 2, Aspergillus sp as collect ion Phyt ophatology Laboratory of
Universit y of Nort h Sum at ra isolat ed from oil palm t rees in t he village of Gunung Melayu, Asahan,
Nort h Sum at ra- I ndonesia, sterile soil m aterials, com post em pt y fruit bunches, palm m idrib com post
palm age 1 m ont h. Experim ent s carried out at the hom e of gauze Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of
Nort h Sum at ra Medan I ndonesia, using a fact orial random ized block design. The first factor is t he t im e
of inoculat ion Ganoderm a and endophyt ic m icrobes, nam ely t he int roduct ion of ganoderm a, 2 weeks
aft er the applicat ion of com post berendofit (W1) and t he applicat ion of com post berendofit, 2 weeks
lat er applicat ion ganoderm a (W2) . The second fact or is t he applicat ion of com post, consist ing of no
com post ( K0) com posts em pt y fruit bunches ( K1), and com post palm fronds ( K2) . The t hird factor is
com posed of endophyt ic m icrobes wit hout endophyt ic m icrobes ( E0) , Trichoderm a sp1 ( E1),
Trichoderm a sp 2 ( E2) and Aspergillus sp ( E3) . Endophyt ic m icrobes used was based on t he result s of
in vit ro t ests ( Lisnawit a, et al, 2014) .
Propagat ion endophyt ic fungus carried on t he carrier grit s. Aft er t hat reproduced by using a zeolit e
wit h a rat io of 1: 9 ( fungus endophyte in corn flour: zeolit e) . Ganoderm a propagated in t he t runk of
rubber wood. Rubber rod planed to dispose of bark, aft er it was cut into pieces with a size of about 5
cm . Pieces of rubber rods boiled t o rem ove the tannin content after it is sterilized wit h NaOCl 5.25%
for 5 m inutes, followed by 95% et hanol for 30 seconds. Once it is rinsed with sterile water 3 t im es.
The next piece of rubber rods inserted in an oven at a t em perat ure of 100 ° C for about 60 m inut es.
Aft er t hat piece of rubber rods im m ersed in m edia m ealt ext ract agar ( MEA) and sterilized by using
aut oclaf ( Nur Ain I zzat i and Abdullah, 2008) . Ganoderm a inoculat ion is done by at t aching a piece of
pure cult ures of Ganoderm a in the t op of t he piece of rubber rods. Cult ures were incubated at room
t em perature for 4 weeks.
The applicat ion of com post and t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a and inoculat ion of endophyt ic m icrobes
adapted t o t he t reatm ent t hat has been com piled. I noculat ion is done on a pre nursery of oil palm
seedlings t hat are ready m oved t o t he m ain nursery. 300 g of com post m ixed wit h 30 g of endophyt ic
fungi are given in each polybag size of 10 kg of soil. Tim ing of com post and Ganoderm a and also
endophyt ic m icrobe adapted t o t reatm ent, t here are com post wit h endofit ic m icrobe given at the
beginning of t he plant by m ixing wit h plant ing m edium . On t he ot her t reat m ent s com post wit h
endofit ic m icrobe given 2 weeks after t he applicat ion of Ganoderm a. Applicat ions Ganoderm a done by
direct contact Ganoderm a on pieces of old rubber t rees wit h palm root s. I norganic fert ilizat ion is not
done. Experim ent s carried out unt il t he plant s are 6 m ont hs old. The param eters m easured were
observat ions of N, P and K plant and crop growth. Dat a were analyzed using analysis of variance and
Duncan test at 5% .
Results a nd D iscussion
The result s showed t hat t he m ain effect of endophytic m icrobes do not affect t he nut rient levels and
plant growt h but t he effect becom es apparent if com bined wit h other fact ors, especially t he t ype of
com post . Furtherm ore, it is known that t he interact ion of com post and t ypes of endophyt ic and
int eract ion com post and inoculat ion t im e endophyt ic affect the levels of N, P and K in plant and plant
growth. The t im e difference inoculat ion and t ypes of endophyt ic affect N plant and plant growt h. While
t he effects of t he int eract ion of t hree factors t ested t reatm ent does not affect t he levels of N, P, K
plants and plant growth ( Table 1) .
Table 1. Effect of organic fert ilizer, t he t ype and t im e of applicat ion of endophyt ic m icrobes on
of N, P, K in plant , and t he growth of palm seedling aged 6 m ont hs
N ( % dry
P- ( % dry
K- ( % dry
High Plant
Tot al
girt h
t reat m ent
m at ter)
m at ter)
m at ter)
( cm )
m idrib ( g)
(mm)
K
ns
**
**
**
ns
**
W
ns
ns
ns
**
ns
**
E
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
KxE
*
**
**
**
ns
**
KxW
*
**
**
**
*
**
WxE
*
ns
ns
**
**
**
KxWxE
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Not e:
* : Significant , * * : very significant , ns: not significant
K0: Wit hout com post, K1: Com post em pt y fruit bunches, K2: Com post palm frond
W1: I nt roduct ions Ganoderm a, 2 weeks aft er inoculation of endophyt ic m icrobes
233
levels
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
W2: endophyt ic m icrobial inoculat ion, 2 weeks later int roduct ion Ganoderm a
E0: wit hout m icrobial endophyte, E1: endophyt ic m icrobes t ype 1 ( Trichoderm a sp1
E2: endophyt ic m icrobes t ype 2 ( Trichoderm a sp2) , E3: endophyt ic m icrobes (Aspergillus)
Differences in levels of N, P, K in plant and plant growt h as t he effect of t he int eract ion bet ween t he
fact ors of t he t ype of com post and t ypes of endophyt ic m icrobes can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Effect of organic fert ilizers and t ypes of endophyt ic m icrobes on levels of N, P, K in plant and
plant growt h
PTot al
N canopy
K- canopy
High Plant
girt h
t reat m ent
canopy
m idrib
(% )
(% )
( cm )
(mm)
(% )
( g)
Wit hout
Endophyt ic
2.03 ab
0.165 b
1.113 de
53.80 b
9.50
67.67 b
Wit hout
Trichoderm a sp1
2.08 ab
0.187 ab
1.084 de
52.52 b
9.33
67.71 b
com post
Trichoderm a sp2
1.95 ab
0.168 ab 1.277 cde
56.70ab
10.00
72.45 ab
Aspergillus sp
2.08 ab
0.167 ab
1.045 e
56.35 ab
9.67
73.63 ab
Wit hout
Endophyt ic
2.05 ab
0.194 ab
1.639abc
60.08 ab
9.50
76.41 a
com post
Trichoderm a sp1
1.75 b
0.208 ab
2.018 a
58.28 ab
9.50
73.50 ab
Bunches
Trichoderm a sp2
1.97 ab
0.195 ab 1.651 abc
60.63 ab
10.17
77.15 a
Aspergillus sp
1.64 b
0.214 a
1.875 ab
60.87 ab
10.33
78.05 a
Wit hout
Endophyt ic
2.26 a
0.176 ab 1.466 cde
59.52 ab
9.83
74.06 ab
com post
Trichoderm a sp1
1.95 ab
0.191 ab 1.457 cde
61.52 a
9.83
74.57 ab
Midrib
Trichoderm a sp2
2.16 a
0.173 ab 1.455 cde
63.47 a
10.17
75.75 a
Aspergillus sp
1.77 b
0.185 ab
1.554 bc
53.80 b
9.83
72.54 ab
Descript ion: The num ber in t he sam e colum n followed by t he sam e lett er are not significant ly different
according t o Duncan test at 5%
Levels of N canopy tends t o decline wit h endophyt ic enriched com post applicat ion. I nst ead endophyteenriched com post applicat ion increases levels of P and K in plant . P in plant highest levels found in
com post t reatm ent com binat ions em pt y fruit bunches and endophyt ic t ypes of Aspergillus sp. K in
plant highest levels found in t he com binat ion t reatm ent of em pt y fruit bunches com post enriched
Trichoderm a sp 2. Growth increased wit h t he applicat ion of com post enriched m icrobial endophyte,
and every kind of endophyt ic show t he sam e effect . Decreasing levels of N headline on t his st udy due
t o t he lim it ed availabilit y of soil N t hat does not m eet t he needs of t he plants while urea is not given.
Besides com post is applied have C / N rat io is st ill som ewhat high at 22.32 ( em pt y fruit bunches
com post ) and 25.6 (com post m idrib). Em pt y fruit bunches have a high fiber content which is difficult
t o decom pose, which is approxim at ely 45.95% cellulose; hem iselulose approxim at ely 16.49% and
approxim at ely 22.84% lignin ( Darm osarkoro and Winarna, 2003). That organic m at erials wit h C/ N
have the longer t he effect in increasing soil fert ilit y ( St evenson, 1984).
Bet ter plant growt h was reached by t he applicat ion of com post and endophyt ic m icrobes. Com post
adds nut rient s t o the plant and m icrobial endophyte, and endophyt ic m icrobes t hought t o increase
plant resistance t o pathogen att ack. The im port ance of the role of organic m aterials reported
Herliyana et al ( 2011) report ed growth of plant seedlings at 8 MST sengon highest in t he t reatm ent of
organic m at erials applicat ions without Trichoderm a and Trichoderm a sm allest value in t he t reat m ent
wit hout organic m at ter, plant showed signs of nut rient deficiencies, especially- nut rient - N- (Herliyana et
al., 2011).
From this research it is known t hat com post enriched endophyt ic m icrobes potent ial t o im prove t he
nut rit ional st atus of low t o m edium P and K nut rient st at us increased up t o a high level. The range of P
and K nut rient st atus are said t o be for oil crops respect ively 0: 17 to 0: 18% and 1- 1.3% ( Dierolf, et
al., 2001) . There are differences in nut rient content of P and K on the used com post, com post
ingredient in em pt y fruit bunches ( 1: 16% P, 1.93% K) higher than com post palm fronds ( 0.30% P,
1: 22% K) .
I m provem ent of plant nut rient stat us P also m aybe caused their role in helping m icrobes Endophyt ic
increase t he availabilit y of P soil t hrough dissolut ion m echanism . Elfiat i, et al ( 2014) reported t he SP36 fert ilizer dosage and applicat ion of phosphate solvent fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium prom ot e
growth and nut rient uptake P nursery of suren. P-dissolving m echanism by m icrobial soil phosphate
234
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
solvent t hrough t he product ion of organic acids t hat can chelated soil alum inum ( Rashid, 2004) and
t he enzym e phosphatase ( Fit riat in et al., 2008) . Differences in levels of N, P, K canopy and plant
growth as the effect of the int eract ion bet ween t he fact ors of t he t ype of com post and m icrobial
inoculat ion t im e can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Effect of endophyt ic m icrobes applicat ion t im e and t he t ype of com post on levels of N, P, K in
plant and plant growt h
P- ( %
K- ( %
High
Tot al
N ( % dry
girt h
Treatm ent
dry
dry
Plant
m idrib
m at ter)
(mm)
m at ter)
m at ter)
( cm )
( g)
Ganoderm a wit hout com post
2.17 a
0.18 ab
1.12 d
51.33 b
9.33 b
65.73 a
t hen
com post t ankos
1.82 b
0.20 a
1.82 a
59.18 a
10.00 a
76.83 b
com post m idrib
2.07 ab
0.18 ab
1.57 ab
57.96 a
9.75 ab
74.03 b
Endophyt ic
Endofit
wit hout com post
1.90 ab
0.16 b
1.14 c
58.35 a
9.92 ab
75.00 b
t hen
com post t ankos
1.88 ab
0.20 a
1.77 ab
60.75 a
9.75 ab
75.72 b
Ganoderm a com post m idrib
2.00 ab
0.19 ab
1.39 bc
63.00 a
10.08 a
74.43 b
Descript ion: The figure in the sam e colum n followed by t he sam e let ter are not significant ly different
according t o Duncan test at 5%
Applicat ions of bot h t ypes of com post nam ely em pt y fruit bunches and palm m idrib enriched
endophyt ic m icrobes before int roduct ion Ganoderm a inoculat ion bet ter effect t han the enriched
endophyt ic aft er t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a in increasing levels of P and K canopy and also t he
growth of plants, but not so against N canopy. Effect of com post is bet t er t han the em pt y fruit
bunches of palm m idrib com post . This difference is due to t he com post bunches containing organic C,
P and K were higher. The effect of Organic fert ilizer on plant responses also determ ined t o t he
incubat ion period and specified t ypes organic fert ilizer. I n t his st udy, organic fert ilizer incubat ed 2
weeks. Riniart y ( 2013) Showed t hat t he sugar agro waste ( bagasse) effect on plant height is bett er
t han em pt y fruit Bunches Palm Oil ( Tankos) ; wast e I ncubat ion period is 3 weeks perform ed bet ter on
t he character of dry weight , rat io of crown root and seedling growth rat e. Bagas incubated 3 weeks
influent ial
t he
best
in
plant
height
of
oil
palm seedlings
in
the
m ain
nursery.
The role of com post in this case in addit ion t o increasing the plant nut rients also creates physical and
chem ical condit ions t hat fost er endophyt ic m icrobes were inoculated first , especially before t he
int roduct ion of Ganoderm a. According Priyatm oj o ( 2009) , an increase in t he populat ion of endophyt ic
fungi t hat act as biological cont rol agents can be enhanced by t he provision of fert ilizer-derived- from organic- m aterials.
Differences in levels of N, P, K in plant and plant growth as the effect of t he interact ion between
fact ors endophyt ic m icrobes and t im e of inoculat ion can be seen in Table 4. Microbial endophyt ic
Trichoderm a sp2 and Aspergillus sp inoculated before t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a tend to reduce
levels of N canopy, but m icrobial inoculat ion endophyt e after int roduct ion Ganoderm a not affect N
canopy. I noculat ion of any kind endophyt ic m icrobes either before or after t he int roduct ion of
Ganoderm a sam e effect in im proving t he growt h of plant s.
Table 4. Effect of endophyt ic m icrobes and t im e inoculat ion on levels of N, P, K in plant and plant
growth
P- ( %
K- ( %
High
Tot al
N ( % dry
girt h
t reat m ent
dry
dry
Plant
m idrib
m at ter)
(mm)
m at ter) m at ter)
( cm )
( g)
Ganoderm a
Wit hout Endofit
2.29 a
0.17
1.437
51.33 b
9.33 b
72.96 ab
Then
Trichoderm a sp1
2.12 abc
0.20
1.489
59.18 a
10.00 a
70.29 b
Endofit
Trichoderm a sp2
1.85bcd
0.18
1.564
57.96 a
9.75 ab
74.41 ab
Aspergillus sp
1.81 cd
0.19
1.535
58.35 a
9.92 ab
71.13 b
Endofit
Wit hout Endofit
1.93abcd
0.18
1.375
60.75 a
9.75 ab
72.47b
Then
Trichoderm a sp1
1.73 d
0.19
1.550
63.00 a
10.08 a
73.57 ab
Ganoderm a Trichoderm a sp2
2.21 ab
0.17
1.358
51.33 b
9.33 b
75.83 ab
Aspergillus sp
1.85bcd
0.19
1.447
59.18 a
10.00 a
78.35 a
Descript ion: The num ber in t he sam e colum n followed by t he sam e lett er are not significant ly different
according t o Duncan test at 5%
Based on the result s of t his st udy not e t hat t he inoculat ion of Aspergillus before t he int roduct ion of
Ganoderm a can im prove plant growt h. Meanwhile, if Ganoderm a int roduced first, t hen the inoculat ion
of Trichoderm a sp 2 gives a bet t er effect . Based on in vit ro t est known endophyt ic fungus Trichoderm a
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Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
sp1., Trichoderm a sp 2, and Aspergillus sp. has a higher inhibit ory against Ganoderm a t han Fusarium
sp. and Penicillium sp. ( Lisnawita, et al., 2014) . Trichoderm a are known to have ant agonist ic react ion
wit h Ganoderm a ( Sariah, 2003) . Pot ent ial antagonist ic also determ ined t he t ype of m icrobe. Based on
t he test antagonist in vit ro as biological agents, Trichoderm a T38 and T39 were able t o inhibit t he
growth of Ganoderm a. Trichoderm a isolates T39 has t he potent ial ant agonist ic st ronger than
Trichoderm a T38 (Herliyana et al., 2011)
Conclusion
Em pt y fruit bunches and m idrib com post enriched endophyt ic m icrobes increase t he levels of P and K
in plant and seed growt h under prenursery seedling. An im provem ent of P levels of plants from low to
m edium and K nut rient levels of m edium t o high, while N levels was low. Applicat ions of bot h t ypes of
com post nam ely em pt y fruit bunches and palm m idrib enriched endophyt ic m icrobes wich applicated
before int roduct ion Ganoderm a have bet ter effect t han t he enriched endophyt ic wich applicated after
t he int roduct ion of Ganoderm a in increasing levels of P and K canopy and also t he growt h of plant s.
Trichoderm a sp1, Trichoderm a sp2 and Aspergillus inoculat ed eit her before or after t he applicat ed of
Ganoderm a have sam e pot ent ial in im proving t he growt h of plant s. There was no interact ion effect
bet ween com post , t ype and t im e of endophyt ic m icrobial inoculat ion.
Ack now ledgem e nt
The aut hors t hank t he financial support from t he Minist ry of Educat ion and Culture, I ndonesia
Goverm ent. This st udy is part of research on t he Nat ional Com pet it ive Grant s Schem e MP3EI fiscal
year 2014.
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