An Analysis On Code Mixing Found In Muhammad Assad’s Notes From Qatar ”Positive, Persistence, Pray”
AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN MUHAMMAD ASSAD’S
NOTES FROM QATAR”POSITIVE, PERSISTENCE, PRAY”
A THESIS
BY: PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA
REG NO: 100705059
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN MUHAMMAD ASSAD’S
NOTES FROM QATAR “POSITIVE, PERSISTENCE, PRAY”
A THESIS
BY
PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA
REG. NO.100705059
SUPERVISOR
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
CO-SUPERVISOR
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.
Ph.D
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana
Sastra from Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
MEDAN 2014
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.
Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara on
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
……………………………….
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No one walks alone on the journey of life including me. I have many
around people beside me, accompany me to face many problem in the word.
Many people helps me along the way this thesis without the guidance and the help
of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their
valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.
So the first and foremost, I would like to thanks to Allah SWT, the greatest
of all. Who give me life, breath, strength, and change to do many things in this
world especially to be able to complete this thesis just in time.
I wish to express my gratitude to both of my supervisor Dr H Muhizar
Muchtar, MS and my co supervisor Rahmadsyah Rangkuti MA,Ph.D who were
abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistant, support and guidance since
without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful.
I also owe my thanks to the Dean faculty of Cultural Science Dr Syahron
Lubis, MA , The head of English Department Dr H Muhizar Muchtar,MS and the
secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti MA PhD and all lecturer
that have given me such useful knowledge during my years of study. Thanks also
Pak Nistam for so much help in registration and administration.
I also owe my abundant thanks to my family. My best parent Syafruddin
Sinaga and Tonang Sadariah Saragih for giving all the best for me. My brother
Wira Abdillah Sinaga for being the best brother in the world, My sister
Chairunnisah Sinaga for being funny situation when I‟m back to hometown and
you are make me always homesick. And my special boyfriend Muhammad Irham
Akbari Am.Kep , thanks to everything, when your love make me strong until to
pass it, our pleasure become to a basic to attempt the future and dra. Asmah for
your pray when I was examine. I will really care to your best eldest son.
5 i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
I also thanks to my sister and brother of father Chairani Sinaga, S.Si ,
Rachmayany Sinaga, S.S , Mariany Astuty Sinaga, S.E , Samsul Bahri Sinaga and
Misnah for your motivation, sprite and material, with them I can smile, happy in
here. I can pass it with satisfactory. My friend Fatimah Risky, Fani Gumanti,
Sonya Anggraini, Ayu Pandini, Devi Fiviliana, Novicentrin Sinaga, Winy
Panggabean, Annisa Rusmihwan, Sukowati, Nina Kartika, Nazlia, Erika Agus
Sapita for helping me when difficult situation, entertainment and caring they
provided.
There are still so many people that I cannot mention one by one within this
opportunity. Thank you for helping me along this way.
Medan,
July
2014
The Writer
Paramitha Sari
Sinaga
Reg. No.
100705059
6 ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE
IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO
MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE R
IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR
AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS
BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNEWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED
FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY
EDUCATION.
Signed:
Date : July 10th, 2014
iii
7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN
MUHAMMAD
ASSAD’S
NOTES
FROM
QATAR”POSITIVE,
PERSISTENCE, PRAY”
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER
THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed:
Date : July 10th, 2014
iii
8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis On Code Mixing Found in Muhammad Assad’s
Notes From Qatar”Positiv,Persistence,Pray” Merupakan suatu analisis tentang
penggunaan code mixing oleh penulis yang bernama Muhammad Assad.
Landasan teori yang digunakan adalah teori Wardaugh (2010), Dalam teori
tersebut menjelaskan tentang Pembagian tipe code mixing dibagi menjadi dua
bagian, yaitu: inter-sentential code mixing dan intra-sentential code mixing, teori
Zyegintsev juga digunakan dalam skripsi ini, Zyegintsev mengatakan bahwa
mesin yang memproses bahasa alami terutama sekali harus mampu
menggolongkan variasi komponen bahasa yang luas menjadi kata, frasa, klausa
dan kalimat. Dan teori Dell Hymes mengenai teori Speaking. Metode yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan untuk menemukan
teori yang mendukung guna menyempurnakan penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan dengan cara memilih beberapa bab dari biografi tersebut dan memilih
bab yang banyak terdapat penggunaan code mixing. Sedangkan tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis code mixing yang lebih dominan
yang digunakan penulis dalam biografi tersebut, menemukan alasan mengapa
penulis menggunakan code mixing tersebut serta menemukan komponen
linguistic yang lebih sering digunakan dalam biografi ini.Sedangkan objek kajian
pada penelitian ini adalah berfokus pada saat penulis berada di kota tempat ia
menimba ilmu yaitu kota Qatar. Dari hasil penemuan peneliti bahwa ditemukan
139 data menggunakan intra-sentential code mixing dan 13 data menggunakan
inter-sentential code mixing. Serta komponen linguistic yang digunakan dalam
biografi ini yakni 36.09% word, 33.17 phrase, clause 24,39%, dan sentence
6,34%. Alasan dari penulis menggunakan code mixing disebabkan oleh
penggunaan teori Dell Hymes ada delapan (8) hal yaitu setting, scene, participant,
ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norm and genre. Saran dari penulis
adalah kita bisa menggunakan code mixing dalam percakapan sehari-hari yang
bertujuan agar kita mampu bersaing di era globalisasi sekarang ini karena bahasa
inggris adalah termasuk satu dari lima bahasa internasional. Tetapi kita juga tidak
boleh menghilanagkan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa pemersatu negara kita.
Kata kunci: Campur kode, teori Dell hymes, teori wardaugh, teori zyegintsev,
kode intra-sentensial pencampuran, kode antar-sentensial pencampuran.
iv
9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Thesis entitled An Analysis On Mixing Code Found in Muhammad Assad's Notes
From Qatar "Positiv, Persistence, Pray" is an analysis of the use of code mixing
by author named Muhammad Assad. Theoretical basis used is Wardaugh theory
(2010), In the theory describes the distribution of types of code mixing is divided
into two parts, namely: inter-sentential code mixing and intra-sentential code
mixing, Zyegintsev theory is also used in this thesis, Zyegintsev said that natural
language processing engine which is particularly to be able to classify a wide
variation in the components language into words, phrases, clauses and sentences.
And Dell Hymes theory Speaking about the theory. The method used in this
research is to find methods of literature supports the theory that in order to
complete this study. Data collection is done by selecting a few chapters of the
biography and select the chapters that there are many uses code mixing. While the
purpose of this study is to find the type of code mixing used a more dominant in
the biography of the author, find the reason why the author uses the mixing code
and find the linguistic component is more often used in object ini.Sedangkan
biographical study in this research is focused on while the author was in the city
where he studied the city of Qatar. From the findings of researchers that found
139 data using intra-sentential code mixing and 13 data using inter-sentential code
mixing. As well as linguistic components used in this biography which is 36.09%
of word, phrase 33.17, clause 24.39%, 6.34% and sentence. Reason of authors
using code mixing caused by the use of Dell Hymes theory there are eight (8) it is
the setting, scene, new participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, and
genre norm. Advice from the author is that we can use code mixing in everyday
conversation that aims to make us able to compete in today's era of globalization
because English is one of five international languages. But we also should not
menghilanagkan Indonesian as a unifying language of our country.
Keyword: Code mixing, Dell Hymes theory, Wardaugh theory, Zyegintsev theory,
Intra sentential code mixing, inter sententential code mixing.
v
10
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………………………………………………………………iii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………………………………iv
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………...v
TABLE OF CONTENT……………………………………………………………………...vi
CHAPTER I :
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study………………………………….………1
1.2 Problem of The Study……………………………………………...5
1.3 Objective of The Study……………………....…………………….5
1.4 Scope of The Study………………………………………………...5
1.5 Significance of The Study………………………………………….6
CHAPTER II :
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics…………………………………………………….7
2.2 Type of Using Language…………………………………………..8
2.2.1 Bilingualism……………………………………………...............8
2.2.2 Diglossia…………………………………………………………9
2.2.3 Slang…………………………………………………………….10
2.3 Code Mixing………………………………………………………11
2.3.1 The Type of Code Mixing………………………………………13
`
2.3.2 Causal factor of Code Mixing…………………………………..14
2.4 Linguistics Element of Code Mixing………………………….......17
2.5 Notes From Qatar……………………………………………….....22
vi
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III :
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design………………………………………………….24
3.2 Source of Data……………………………………………………24
3.3 Data Collection Procedures………………………………………25
3.4 Step of the Research……………………………………………...25
3.5 Data Analysis…………………………………………………….26
CHAPTER IV:
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Data Analysis…..………………....………………………………29
4.1.1 Type of Code Mixing Used in Muhammad Assad‟s Notes
From Qatar” Positive, Persistence and Pray”……………………29
4.1.1.1 Inter Sentential Code Mixing…………………………………..29
4.1.1.2 Intra-Sentential Code Mixing…………………………………..36
4.1.2 Linguistics Element Dominantly Used by Muhammas Assad‟s
Notes From Qatar” Positif, persistence and pray………………..42
4.1.2.1 Word……………………………………………………………42
4.1.2.2 Phrase…………………………………………………………...46
4.1.2.3 Clause…………………………………………………………..50
4.1.2.4 Sentences……………………………………………………….53
4.1.2.5 Frequency of Code Mixing…………………..............................55
4.1.3 Reason to Code Mixing……………………………….………….56
4.2 Findings............................................................................................60
CHAPTER V:
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion.........................................................................................61
5.2 Suggestion.........................................................................................65
vii
12
Universitas Sumatera Utara
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................66
APPENDICES
viii
13
Universitas Sumatera Utara
NOTES FROM QATAR”POSITIVE, PERSISTENCE, PRAY”
A THESIS
BY: PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA
REG NO: 100705059
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN MUHAMMAD ASSAD’S
NOTES FROM QATAR “POSITIVE, PERSISTENCE, PRAY”
A THESIS
BY
PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA
REG. NO.100705059
SUPERVISOR
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
CO-SUPERVISOR
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.
Ph.D
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana
Sastra from Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
MEDAN 2014
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.
Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara on
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
……………………………….
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No one walks alone on the journey of life including me. I have many
around people beside me, accompany me to face many problem in the word.
Many people helps me along the way this thesis without the guidance and the help
of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their
valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.
So the first and foremost, I would like to thanks to Allah SWT, the greatest
of all. Who give me life, breath, strength, and change to do many things in this
world especially to be able to complete this thesis just in time.
I wish to express my gratitude to both of my supervisor Dr H Muhizar
Muchtar, MS and my co supervisor Rahmadsyah Rangkuti MA,Ph.D who were
abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistant, support and guidance since
without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful.
I also owe my thanks to the Dean faculty of Cultural Science Dr Syahron
Lubis, MA , The head of English Department Dr H Muhizar Muchtar,MS and the
secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti MA PhD and all lecturer
that have given me such useful knowledge during my years of study. Thanks also
Pak Nistam for so much help in registration and administration.
I also owe my abundant thanks to my family. My best parent Syafruddin
Sinaga and Tonang Sadariah Saragih for giving all the best for me. My brother
Wira Abdillah Sinaga for being the best brother in the world, My sister
Chairunnisah Sinaga for being funny situation when I‟m back to hometown and
you are make me always homesick. And my special boyfriend Muhammad Irham
Akbari Am.Kep , thanks to everything, when your love make me strong until to
pass it, our pleasure become to a basic to attempt the future and dra. Asmah for
your pray when I was examine. I will really care to your best eldest son.
5 i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
I also thanks to my sister and brother of father Chairani Sinaga, S.Si ,
Rachmayany Sinaga, S.S , Mariany Astuty Sinaga, S.E , Samsul Bahri Sinaga and
Misnah for your motivation, sprite and material, with them I can smile, happy in
here. I can pass it with satisfactory. My friend Fatimah Risky, Fani Gumanti,
Sonya Anggraini, Ayu Pandini, Devi Fiviliana, Novicentrin Sinaga, Winy
Panggabean, Annisa Rusmihwan, Sukowati, Nina Kartika, Nazlia, Erika Agus
Sapita for helping me when difficult situation, entertainment and caring they
provided.
There are still so many people that I cannot mention one by one within this
opportunity. Thank you for helping me along this way.
Medan,
July
2014
The Writer
Paramitha Sari
Sinaga
Reg. No.
100705059
6 ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE
IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO
MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE R
IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR
AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS
BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNEWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED
FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY
EDUCATION.
Signed:
Date : July 10th, 2014
iii
7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : PARAMITHA SARI SINAGA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN
MUHAMMAD
ASSAD’S
NOTES
FROM
QATAR”POSITIVE,
PERSISTENCE, PRAY”
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER
THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed:
Date : July 10th, 2014
iii
8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis On Code Mixing Found in Muhammad Assad’s
Notes From Qatar”Positiv,Persistence,Pray” Merupakan suatu analisis tentang
penggunaan code mixing oleh penulis yang bernama Muhammad Assad.
Landasan teori yang digunakan adalah teori Wardaugh (2010), Dalam teori
tersebut menjelaskan tentang Pembagian tipe code mixing dibagi menjadi dua
bagian, yaitu: inter-sentential code mixing dan intra-sentential code mixing, teori
Zyegintsev juga digunakan dalam skripsi ini, Zyegintsev mengatakan bahwa
mesin yang memproses bahasa alami terutama sekali harus mampu
menggolongkan variasi komponen bahasa yang luas menjadi kata, frasa, klausa
dan kalimat. Dan teori Dell Hymes mengenai teori Speaking. Metode yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan untuk menemukan
teori yang mendukung guna menyempurnakan penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan dengan cara memilih beberapa bab dari biografi tersebut dan memilih
bab yang banyak terdapat penggunaan code mixing. Sedangkan tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis code mixing yang lebih dominan
yang digunakan penulis dalam biografi tersebut, menemukan alasan mengapa
penulis menggunakan code mixing tersebut serta menemukan komponen
linguistic yang lebih sering digunakan dalam biografi ini.Sedangkan objek kajian
pada penelitian ini adalah berfokus pada saat penulis berada di kota tempat ia
menimba ilmu yaitu kota Qatar. Dari hasil penemuan peneliti bahwa ditemukan
139 data menggunakan intra-sentential code mixing dan 13 data menggunakan
inter-sentential code mixing. Serta komponen linguistic yang digunakan dalam
biografi ini yakni 36.09% word, 33.17 phrase, clause 24,39%, dan sentence
6,34%. Alasan dari penulis menggunakan code mixing disebabkan oleh
penggunaan teori Dell Hymes ada delapan (8) hal yaitu setting, scene, participant,
ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norm and genre. Saran dari penulis
adalah kita bisa menggunakan code mixing dalam percakapan sehari-hari yang
bertujuan agar kita mampu bersaing di era globalisasi sekarang ini karena bahasa
inggris adalah termasuk satu dari lima bahasa internasional. Tetapi kita juga tidak
boleh menghilanagkan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa pemersatu negara kita.
Kata kunci: Campur kode, teori Dell hymes, teori wardaugh, teori zyegintsev,
kode intra-sentensial pencampuran, kode antar-sentensial pencampuran.
iv
9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Thesis entitled An Analysis On Mixing Code Found in Muhammad Assad's Notes
From Qatar "Positiv, Persistence, Pray" is an analysis of the use of code mixing
by author named Muhammad Assad. Theoretical basis used is Wardaugh theory
(2010), In the theory describes the distribution of types of code mixing is divided
into two parts, namely: inter-sentential code mixing and intra-sentential code
mixing, Zyegintsev theory is also used in this thesis, Zyegintsev said that natural
language processing engine which is particularly to be able to classify a wide
variation in the components language into words, phrases, clauses and sentences.
And Dell Hymes theory Speaking about the theory. The method used in this
research is to find methods of literature supports the theory that in order to
complete this study. Data collection is done by selecting a few chapters of the
biography and select the chapters that there are many uses code mixing. While the
purpose of this study is to find the type of code mixing used a more dominant in
the biography of the author, find the reason why the author uses the mixing code
and find the linguistic component is more often used in object ini.Sedangkan
biographical study in this research is focused on while the author was in the city
where he studied the city of Qatar. From the findings of researchers that found
139 data using intra-sentential code mixing and 13 data using inter-sentential code
mixing. As well as linguistic components used in this biography which is 36.09%
of word, phrase 33.17, clause 24.39%, 6.34% and sentence. Reason of authors
using code mixing caused by the use of Dell Hymes theory there are eight (8) it is
the setting, scene, new participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, and
genre norm. Advice from the author is that we can use code mixing in everyday
conversation that aims to make us able to compete in today's era of globalization
because English is one of five international languages. But we also should not
menghilanagkan Indonesian as a unifying language of our country.
Keyword: Code mixing, Dell Hymes theory, Wardaugh theory, Zyegintsev theory,
Intra sentential code mixing, inter sententential code mixing.
v
10
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………………………………………………………………iii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………………………………iv
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………...v
TABLE OF CONTENT……………………………………………………………………...vi
CHAPTER I :
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study………………………………….………1
1.2 Problem of The Study……………………………………………...5
1.3 Objective of The Study……………………....…………………….5
1.4 Scope of The Study………………………………………………...5
1.5 Significance of The Study………………………………………….6
CHAPTER II :
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics…………………………………………………….7
2.2 Type of Using Language…………………………………………..8
2.2.1 Bilingualism……………………………………………...............8
2.2.2 Diglossia…………………………………………………………9
2.2.3 Slang…………………………………………………………….10
2.3 Code Mixing………………………………………………………11
2.3.1 The Type of Code Mixing………………………………………13
`
2.3.2 Causal factor of Code Mixing…………………………………..14
2.4 Linguistics Element of Code Mixing………………………….......17
2.5 Notes From Qatar……………………………………………….....22
vi
11
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III :
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design………………………………………………….24
3.2 Source of Data……………………………………………………24
3.3 Data Collection Procedures………………………………………25
3.4 Step of the Research……………………………………………...25
3.5 Data Analysis…………………………………………………….26
CHAPTER IV:
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Data Analysis…..………………....………………………………29
4.1.1 Type of Code Mixing Used in Muhammad Assad‟s Notes
From Qatar” Positive, Persistence and Pray”……………………29
4.1.1.1 Inter Sentential Code Mixing…………………………………..29
4.1.1.2 Intra-Sentential Code Mixing…………………………………..36
4.1.2 Linguistics Element Dominantly Used by Muhammas Assad‟s
Notes From Qatar” Positif, persistence and pray………………..42
4.1.2.1 Word……………………………………………………………42
4.1.2.2 Phrase…………………………………………………………...46
4.1.2.3 Clause…………………………………………………………..50
4.1.2.4 Sentences……………………………………………………….53
4.1.2.5 Frequency of Code Mixing…………………..............................55
4.1.3 Reason to Code Mixing……………………………….………….56
4.2 Findings............................................................................................60
CHAPTER V:
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion.........................................................................................61
5.2 Suggestion.........................................................................................65
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REFERENCES........................................................................................................................66
APPENDICES
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