REPRESENTATION OF IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN THE J. R. R. TOLKIEN’S TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 – 1949) Representation of ideological conflict in the j. r. r. tolkien’s trilogy the lord of the rings novel (1937 – 1949).
REPRESENTATION OF IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN THE J. R. R. TOLKIEN’S
TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 – 1949)
THESIS
Compiled and Submit t ed as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirem ent s
For Get ting M ast er Degree of Educat ion in English Language St udies
BY:
ANA WIYASA NUGRAHAWATI
S. 200 120 013
M ASTER OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES PROGRAM
POST GRADUATE SCHOOL
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
M OTTO
“ Be sure w e shall t est you w it h som et hing of fear and hunger, some loss in
goods, lives and the fruit s (of your toil), but give glad t idings to t hose who
patient ly persevere”
-Q.S Al – Baqarah 155“ The clever person is a person who can change the desert t o be a beaut iful and
prosperous park”
-Dr. ‘Aidh Al Qarni“ The world w e have creat ed is a product of the way of thinking”
-Albert Einst ein“ Pat ient and Pray are t he t hings t o make us success in the World and t he
Judgment Day”
-Dr. H. Sujito, M . Pd-
“The w orld is indeed full of peril, and in it t here are m any dark places; but st ill
t here is much t hat is fair, and t hough in all lands love is now m ingled with grief, it
grow s perhaps the great er.”
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Tw o Tow ers-
vii
DEDICATION
This thesis w ill be dedicat ed to:
M y Fat her in the Super Com fort able Place beside ALLAH SWT
M y M other
M y half – souls “ Sist ers or Wiyasa’s Daught ers”
viii
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
Assalamu’alaikum. Wr. Wb
All praises t o Allah who gives t he merciful t o the w rit er so t hat she can
compile t his t hesis. Sholawat and Salam always deliver t o t he biggest prophet
M uhamm ad S.A.W, w ho gives t he direct ion to us from t he darkness t o the
light ness and w e hope his direct ion in the Judgment Day
She also expresses her t hanks, appreciat ion and achievem ent t o people
w ho
give
t he
m arvelous
cont ribut ion
in
w rit ing
her
t hesis
ent it led
“Representation of Ideological Conflict in the J. R. R. Tolkien’s Trilogy The Lord
of The Rings Novel (1937 – 1949)” until finish
1.
Prof. Dr. Bambang Set iaji. The Rect or of M uhamm adyah Universit y of
Surakart a, for t he facilit ies from t he universit y so she can st udy w ell in t his
universit y
2.
Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyat i, The Direct or of Post – Graduat e School
M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a, for t he chance, opportunities and
accept ancee in t he Post - Graduat e school
3.
Prof. Dr. M arkham ah, M . Hum, The Head of M ast er of Language St udies, for
t he suggest ion and support in t he finishing her st udy
4.
Prof. Dr. C. Bakdi Sum ant o, S. U, The First Advisor, to the guidance in t he
w rit ing this research paper
5.
Dr. M . Thoyibi, M . S, The Second Advisor, t o the patience, correct ion, advise
and suggest ion in the writing this research paper
ix
6.
Seno Wiyoko, Suyat i, The Parent s, for inspiration and motivat ion to finish
her st udy also their pray that never st op t o her success.
7.
Ridhiya W iyasa Nugrahaningt yas, S. KM & Qurnia Wiyasa Nugrahaeni, The
Sist ers, for t heir support to finish her st udy
8.
All researcher & friends in M PB Class, for remarkable friendship
9.
Dr. Im am Sukardi, M . Ag, Dr. Giyoto, M . Hum, Budiasih, S. Pd, M . Hum, Dr. H.
Sujit o, M . Pd, M uhamm ad Zainal M ut taqien, S. S, M , Hum, The Lect urers of
IAIN Surakart a, for pray and cont ribut ion for her future.
10. Her friends in THE S Kingdom: Dr. Krt . H. S. Sat riyadipura, M . Pd, Irwan
Rohardiyant o, S.S. and Wildan M ut t aqien, S.S. for
the rem arkable
part nership and friendship.
11. All people give t heir cont ribut ion t o her t hesis
Finally, t he researcher is invit ing for t he const ruct ive crit icism regarding
t o this research so t hat it becomes bet t er research. The researcher is w ait ing
for t he com m ent s and suggest ion for t hat purpose. The researcher hopes
t hat this research m ay be beneficial for everyone in t his world
Wassalamu’alaikum W r. Wb
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… i
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………………….. ii
RATIFICATION ………………………………………………………………………………………….. iii
NOTA PEM BIM BING I ………………………………………………………………………………. Iv
NOTA PEM BIM BING II ………………………………………………………………………………. V
PRONOUNCEM ENT ……………………………………………………………………………………vi
M OTTO …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vii
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………………………………….. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT ……………………………………………………………………………… ix
CONTENT LIST ………………………………………………………………………………………….. xi
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………..… xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. 1
A. Background of Study …………………………………………………………………….. 1
B. Limit at ion of St udy ……………………………………………………………………… 10
C. Problem St at em ent of Study ……………………………………………………….. 10
D. Object ives of Study …………………………………………………………………….. 11
E. Previous of St udy………………………………………………………………………… 12
F. Benefit s of St udy ………………….……………………………………………………… 18
G. Paper Organization …………………………………………………………………….. 19
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE …………………………………………21
A. Underlying Theory ……………………………………………………………………….21
xi
1. Review of Represent at ion……………………………………………………….21
a. Represent at ion ……………………………..…………………………….. 21
b. The Represent at ion in Lit erat ure ………………………………………22
c. Post – St ruct uralism and Represent at ion …………………………..22
d. The Figure of Represent at ion and Theory …………………………23
2. Review of Ideology …………………………………………………………………25
a. Ideology and Element s ………………………………………………………25
b. The Type and Charact erist ics of Ideology ………………………….29
3. Review of Conflict Theory ……………………………………………………….33
a. The Not ion of Conflict Theory …………………………………………..33
b. Conflict Theory Point s ……………..……………………………………..33
4. Review of Cont ext Oriented Approaches ……………………………….35
a. Theoret ical Approaches t o Lit erat ure ……………………………….35
b. The Classification of Theoret ical Approaches ……………………37
c. The Not ion of Cont ext Orient ed Approaches…………………….38
d. The Classification of Cont ext Orient ed Approaches ………….38
5. Review of Sociological Lit erat ure Crit icism …………………………….. 39
a. Lit erat ure and Social Syst em ……………………………………………. 41
b. The Position of Writ er in Societ y ………………………………………41
c. Societ y and Social Problem As M at erials …………………………..42
B. Theoret ical Applicat ion ……………………………………………………………….42
xii
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY…………………………………………………..44
A. Type of the St udy ……….…………………………………………………………………44
B. Subject of the St udy ……… ….………………………………………………………….44
C. Object of the Study ……………………………………………………………………45
D. Type Dat a and Dat a Sources ……………………………………………..…………46
E. M et hods in Collect ing Dat a ………………………………………….………………46
F. Dat a Validation ……………………………………………………………………………46
G. Technique of Analysis Dat a ………………………………………………………….47
CHAPTER IV: THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRITAIN IN THE EARLY –
TW ENTIETH CENTURY : A SOCIOLOGICAL OF THE LORD OF THE RING
NOVEL ………………………………………………………………………………………….48
A. Social Background of England In The Early – Tw ent iet h Century…..51
1. The Social Aspect s …………………………………………………………………..51
2. The Econom ic Aspect s …………………………………………………………….53
3. The Religious Aspect s ……………………………………………………………..55
4. The Political Aspect s ……………………………………………………………….58
5. The Developm ent Science and Technology ……………………………64
6. The Culture Aspect s ……………………………………………………………….65
B. The Biography of J. R. R. Tolkien …………………………………………………...66
CHAPTER V: THE IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN THE J. R. R. TOLKIEN’S
TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 – 1949) ………69
xiii
A. Ideologies Elem ents …………………………………………………………………….69
B. Ideological Conflicts …………………………………………………………………….84
C. The Cause of Ideological Conflict ………………………………………………… 86
D. The Effect of Ideological Conflict …………………………………………………. 90
CHAPTER VI: THE REPRESENTATION OF IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN THE J. R.
R. TOLKIEN’S TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 –
1949) ………………………………………………………………………………...94
A. Represent at ion of Ideology …………………………………………………………94
B. Represent at ion of Ideological Conflict ……………………………………….117
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………124
A. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………124
B. Pedagogical Implicat ion ………………………………………………………………127
C. Suggest ion ………………………………………………………………………………… 128
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiv
ABSTRACT
Ana Wiyasa Nugrahaw at i, S200120013. REPRESENTATION OF IDEOLOGICAL
CONFLICT IN THE J. R. R.’S TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 –
1949). Research Paper. M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a. 2014
There are a lot of ideologies in the J. R. R. Tolkiens Trilogy The Lord of The
Rings novel. From those ideologies t here are shared ideology and conflict
ideology. In the w rit ing t his research paper, t he w rit er focuses on the ideological
conflict. The t heories are used in this research paper are ideology, conflict t heory
and represent at ion. Sociological approaches and cont ext orient ed approach are
support theories t o analyze t he represent at ion of ideological conflict. The main
object ive of t his research is t o analyze t he ideological conflict reflect ed in The
Lord Of The Rings novel (1937 – 1949). The quest ion t o be discussed are how is
t he ideological conflict are reflect ed in the t he J. R. R. Tolkiens Trilogy The Lord of
The Rings novel (1937 – 1949)
The research is used is the qualit at ive research. The object of this
research is t he The Lord Of The Rings novel. This novel is w rit t en by John Ronald
Reuel Tolkien at 1937 – 1949. The subject of this st udy is the represent at ion of
ideological conflict. The procedure in t he collect ing data is t aking not e from
prim ary sources ( The Lord of The Rings) and the secondary sources (journal,
books and art icle). In t he checking of dat a validation, t he w rit er used t he
t riangulation t echnique. The procedures of analysis are reading the novel,
elaborat e the element s of ideologies, and elaborat e t he ideological conflict.
The general finding is t he beliefs from t he ideology and the form of
domination by t he governm ent in the societ y are influencing the ideological
conflict. The specific findings are t he shared and conflict ideology, t he cause and
effect of ideological conflict, the represent at ion of ideology and ideological
conflict. In the discussing of finding, the w riter used t he cont ext orient ed
approach especially in the discussing t he represent at ion of ideology and
ideological conflict . The cont ext is t he condition of societ y at t he t im e w hen t he
novel is writ t en. So that, the w rit er used t he sociological approach t o invest igat e
t he condit ion of societ y in the writ ing of novel.
Key Words: Represent at ion, Ideology, Conflict
xv
TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 – 1949)
THESIS
Compiled and Submit t ed as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirem ent s
For Get ting M ast er Degree of Educat ion in English Language St udies
BY:
ANA WIYASA NUGRAHAWATI
S. 200 120 013
M ASTER OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES PROGRAM
POST GRADUATE SCHOOL
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
M OTTO
“ Be sure w e shall t est you w it h som et hing of fear and hunger, some loss in
goods, lives and the fruit s (of your toil), but give glad t idings to t hose who
patient ly persevere”
-Q.S Al – Baqarah 155“ The clever person is a person who can change the desert t o be a beaut iful and
prosperous park”
-Dr. ‘Aidh Al Qarni“ The world w e have creat ed is a product of the way of thinking”
-Albert Einst ein“ Pat ient and Pray are t he t hings t o make us success in the World and t he
Judgment Day”
-Dr. H. Sujito, M . Pd-
“The w orld is indeed full of peril, and in it t here are m any dark places; but st ill
t here is much t hat is fair, and t hough in all lands love is now m ingled with grief, it
grow s perhaps the great er.”
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Tw o Tow ers-
vii
DEDICATION
This thesis w ill be dedicat ed to:
M y Fat her in the Super Com fort able Place beside ALLAH SWT
M y M other
M y half – souls “ Sist ers or Wiyasa’s Daught ers”
viii
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
Assalamu’alaikum. Wr. Wb
All praises t o Allah who gives t he merciful t o the w rit er so t hat she can
compile t his t hesis. Sholawat and Salam always deliver t o t he biggest prophet
M uhamm ad S.A.W, w ho gives t he direct ion to us from t he darkness t o the
light ness and w e hope his direct ion in the Judgment Day
She also expresses her t hanks, appreciat ion and achievem ent t o people
w ho
give
t he
m arvelous
cont ribut ion
in
w rit ing
her
t hesis
ent it led
“Representation of Ideological Conflict in the J. R. R. Tolkien’s Trilogy The Lord
of The Rings Novel (1937 – 1949)” until finish
1.
Prof. Dr. Bambang Set iaji. The Rect or of M uhamm adyah Universit y of
Surakart a, for t he facilit ies from t he universit y so she can st udy w ell in t his
universit y
2.
Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyat i, The Direct or of Post – Graduat e School
M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a, for t he chance, opportunities and
accept ancee in t he Post - Graduat e school
3.
Prof. Dr. M arkham ah, M . Hum, The Head of M ast er of Language St udies, for
t he suggest ion and support in t he finishing her st udy
4.
Prof. Dr. C. Bakdi Sum ant o, S. U, The First Advisor, to the guidance in t he
w rit ing this research paper
5.
Dr. M . Thoyibi, M . S, The Second Advisor, t o the patience, correct ion, advise
and suggest ion in the writing this research paper
ix
6.
Seno Wiyoko, Suyat i, The Parent s, for inspiration and motivat ion to finish
her st udy also their pray that never st op t o her success.
7.
Ridhiya W iyasa Nugrahaningt yas, S. KM & Qurnia Wiyasa Nugrahaeni, The
Sist ers, for t heir support to finish her st udy
8.
All researcher & friends in M PB Class, for remarkable friendship
9.
Dr. Im am Sukardi, M . Ag, Dr. Giyoto, M . Hum, Budiasih, S. Pd, M . Hum, Dr. H.
Sujit o, M . Pd, M uhamm ad Zainal M ut taqien, S. S, M , Hum, The Lect urers of
IAIN Surakart a, for pray and cont ribut ion for her future.
10. Her friends in THE S Kingdom: Dr. Krt . H. S. Sat riyadipura, M . Pd, Irwan
Rohardiyant o, S.S. and Wildan M ut t aqien, S.S. for
the rem arkable
part nership and friendship.
11. All people give t heir cont ribut ion t o her t hesis
Finally, t he researcher is invit ing for t he const ruct ive crit icism regarding
t o this research so t hat it becomes bet t er research. The researcher is w ait ing
for t he com m ent s and suggest ion for t hat purpose. The researcher hopes
t hat this research m ay be beneficial for everyone in t his world
Wassalamu’alaikum W r. Wb
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… i
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………………….. ii
RATIFICATION ………………………………………………………………………………………….. iii
NOTA PEM BIM BING I ………………………………………………………………………………. Iv
NOTA PEM BIM BING II ………………………………………………………………………………. V
PRONOUNCEM ENT ……………………………………………………………………………………vi
M OTTO …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vii
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………………………………….. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT ……………………………………………………………………………… ix
CONTENT LIST ………………………………………………………………………………………….. xi
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………..… xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. 1
A. Background of Study …………………………………………………………………….. 1
B. Limit at ion of St udy ……………………………………………………………………… 10
C. Problem St at em ent of Study ……………………………………………………….. 10
D. Object ives of Study …………………………………………………………………….. 11
E. Previous of St udy………………………………………………………………………… 12
F. Benefit s of St udy ………………….……………………………………………………… 18
G. Paper Organization …………………………………………………………………….. 19
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE …………………………………………21
A. Underlying Theory ……………………………………………………………………….21
xi
1. Review of Represent at ion……………………………………………………….21
a. Represent at ion ……………………………..…………………………….. 21
b. The Represent at ion in Lit erat ure ………………………………………22
c. Post – St ruct uralism and Represent at ion …………………………..22
d. The Figure of Represent at ion and Theory …………………………23
2. Review of Ideology …………………………………………………………………25
a. Ideology and Element s ………………………………………………………25
b. The Type and Charact erist ics of Ideology ………………………….29
3. Review of Conflict Theory ……………………………………………………….33
a. The Not ion of Conflict Theory …………………………………………..33
b. Conflict Theory Point s ……………..……………………………………..33
4. Review of Cont ext Oriented Approaches ……………………………….35
a. Theoret ical Approaches t o Lit erat ure ……………………………….35
b. The Classification of Theoret ical Approaches ……………………37
c. The Not ion of Cont ext Orient ed Approaches…………………….38
d. The Classification of Cont ext Orient ed Approaches ………….38
5. Review of Sociological Lit erat ure Crit icism …………………………….. 39
a. Lit erat ure and Social Syst em ……………………………………………. 41
b. The Position of Writ er in Societ y ………………………………………41
c. Societ y and Social Problem As M at erials …………………………..42
B. Theoret ical Applicat ion ……………………………………………………………….42
xii
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY…………………………………………………..44
A. Type of the St udy ……….…………………………………………………………………44
B. Subject of the St udy ……… ….………………………………………………………….44
C. Object of the Study ……………………………………………………………………45
D. Type Dat a and Dat a Sources ……………………………………………..…………46
E. M et hods in Collect ing Dat a ………………………………………….………………46
F. Dat a Validation ……………………………………………………………………………46
G. Technique of Analysis Dat a ………………………………………………………….47
CHAPTER IV: THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRITAIN IN THE EARLY –
TW ENTIETH CENTURY : A SOCIOLOGICAL OF THE LORD OF THE RING
NOVEL ………………………………………………………………………………………….48
A. Social Background of England In The Early – Tw ent iet h Century…..51
1. The Social Aspect s …………………………………………………………………..51
2. The Econom ic Aspect s …………………………………………………………….53
3. The Religious Aspect s ……………………………………………………………..55
4. The Political Aspect s ……………………………………………………………….58
5. The Developm ent Science and Technology ……………………………64
6. The Culture Aspect s ……………………………………………………………….65
B. The Biography of J. R. R. Tolkien …………………………………………………...66
CHAPTER V: THE IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN THE J. R. R. TOLKIEN’S
TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 – 1949) ………69
xiii
A. Ideologies Elem ents …………………………………………………………………….69
B. Ideological Conflicts …………………………………………………………………….84
C. The Cause of Ideological Conflict ………………………………………………… 86
D. The Effect of Ideological Conflict …………………………………………………. 90
CHAPTER VI: THE REPRESENTATION OF IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN THE J. R.
R. TOLKIEN’S TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 –
1949) ………………………………………………………………………………...94
A. Represent at ion of Ideology …………………………………………………………94
B. Represent at ion of Ideological Conflict ……………………………………….117
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………124
A. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………124
B. Pedagogical Implicat ion ………………………………………………………………127
C. Suggest ion ………………………………………………………………………………… 128
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiv
ABSTRACT
Ana Wiyasa Nugrahaw at i, S200120013. REPRESENTATION OF IDEOLOGICAL
CONFLICT IN THE J. R. R.’S TRILOGY THE LORD OF THE RINGS NOVEL (1937 –
1949). Research Paper. M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a. 2014
There are a lot of ideologies in the J. R. R. Tolkiens Trilogy The Lord of The
Rings novel. From those ideologies t here are shared ideology and conflict
ideology. In the w rit ing t his research paper, t he w rit er focuses on the ideological
conflict. The t heories are used in this research paper are ideology, conflict t heory
and represent at ion. Sociological approaches and cont ext orient ed approach are
support theories t o analyze t he represent at ion of ideological conflict. The main
object ive of t his research is t o analyze t he ideological conflict reflect ed in The
Lord Of The Rings novel (1937 – 1949). The quest ion t o be discussed are how is
t he ideological conflict are reflect ed in the t he J. R. R. Tolkiens Trilogy The Lord of
The Rings novel (1937 – 1949)
The research is used is the qualit at ive research. The object of this
research is t he The Lord Of The Rings novel. This novel is w rit t en by John Ronald
Reuel Tolkien at 1937 – 1949. The subject of this st udy is the represent at ion of
ideological conflict. The procedure in t he collect ing data is t aking not e from
prim ary sources ( The Lord of The Rings) and the secondary sources (journal,
books and art icle). In t he checking of dat a validation, t he w rit er used t he
t riangulation t echnique. The procedures of analysis are reading the novel,
elaborat e the element s of ideologies, and elaborat e t he ideological conflict.
The general finding is t he beliefs from t he ideology and the form of
domination by t he governm ent in the societ y are influencing the ideological
conflict. The specific findings are t he shared and conflict ideology, t he cause and
effect of ideological conflict, the represent at ion of ideology and ideological
conflict. In the discussing of finding, the w riter used t he cont ext orient ed
approach especially in the discussing t he represent at ion of ideology and
ideological conflict . The cont ext is t he condition of societ y at t he t im e w hen t he
novel is writ t en. So that, the w rit er used t he sociological approach t o invest igat e
t he condit ion of societ y in the writ ing of novel.
Key Words: Represent at ion, Ideology, Conflict
xv