Borrowing in the Translation of Novel Eat Pray Love into Indonesian Makan Doa Cinta.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My deepest gratitude is expressed to God the Almighty, Ida Sang Hyang
Widhi Wasa for the blessing provided to the writer during the completion of the
thesis entitled” Borrowing in the Translation of Novel Eat Pray Love into
Indonesian Makan Doa Cinta”. This thesis is partial fulfillment to obtain a Master
Degree of Linguistic Program in Translation Studies, Postgraduate Program,
Udayana University.
Secondly , my gratitude and complement to both my first supervisor Prof.
Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A. and my second supervisor Dr. I Nyoman Sedeng,
M.Hum. for all of their guidance, suggestions, contributions, motivation and
patience during the process of completion of this thesis. It is also some big
contributions from all the examiners of this thesis: Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas
Indrawati, TEFL.,M.A., Dr. Ni Wayan Sukarini, M.Hum., Drs. I Nyoman
Udayana, M.Litt., Ph.D. for giving suggestions, criticisms, and guidance to
improve the quality of this thesis.
Furthermore, my gratitude is expressed to the Rector of Udayana
University, Prof. Dr. dr. Ketut Suastika, Sp. PD-KEMD; the Director of
Postgraduate Program Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S
(K).; the Head of Master Program of Linguistic Department, Postgraduate
Program, Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A.; the secretary of the

Linguistic Master Program, Prof. Dr. Drs. I Wayan Simpen, M.Hum.; as well as
to all admistrative staff in Linguistics Department: I Ketut Ebuh, S.Sos., Nyoman
Adi Triani, SE., I Nyoman Sadra, SS., I Gusti Ayu Putu Supadmini; and for all the
vii

lecturers of Linguistics Department for knowledge, insight, motivations,
assistance and facilities during my study, since this thesis would never have been
finished without any support and contributions from them.
My gratitude is also expressed to my father I Gusti Agung Raka Santa, my
mother I Gusti Agung Mas Oka, and my younger sibling I Gusti Agung Maitry
Ari Santi for both their financial and mental support in completing my study. This
could also have not been obtained without cares and moral supports from all my
families and my beloved friends.
Finally I realize that this thesis is far from perfect, hence some criticsim
and suggestions are still needed to make this study much better. But although this
thesis hasn’t been perfect yet, I hope this thesis will give contribution to the pool
of knowledge mostly in linguistics field.

Yours Truly,

I Gusti Agung Maitreya Adi Santa

viii

ABSTRAK
Tesis berjudul “Borrowing in Translation of Novel Eat Pray Love into
Indonesian Makan Doa Cinta” ini membahas tipe-tipe kata pinjaman; tipe kata
pinjaman yang paling dominan; aplikasi teknik peminjaman; dan faktor-faktor
peminjaman dalam novel Eat Pray Love karya Elizabeth Gilbert (2010) dan
terjemahannya di dalam bahasa Indonesia Makan Doa Cinta yang diterjemahkan
oleh Silamurti Nugroho (2010).
Data yang dikumpulkan dengan metode abservasi dan teknik pencatatan
dianalisa secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan teori penerjemahan dikemukakan
oleh Larson (1998); teori pinjaman oleh Molina dan Albir (2002); teori faktor
peminjaman oleh Grosjean (1982); teori fonologi oleh Odden (2005). Kemudian
data yang telah dianalisa disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal.
Ada dua tipe pinjaman yang ditemukan di dalam penerjemahan novel
tersebut, yaitu peminjaman naturalisasi dan peminjaman murni. Peminjaman
paling dominan ditemukan adalah peminjaman naturalisasi dengan jumlah 480
peminjaman atau 81,49 %. Ada 4 (empat) proses penyerapan istilah asing menjadi

kata dalam bahasa Indonesia yang merupakan aplikasi teknik peminjaman dalam
novel tersebut, proses terbut berdasarkan aturan penyerapan istilah asing menjadi
istilah Indonesia berdasarkan aturan dalam Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah.
Proses tersebut adalah: (a) penyerapan dengan penyesuaian ejaan dan lafal; (b)
penyerapan dengan penyesuaian ejaan tanpa penyesuaian lafal; (c) penyerapan
tanpa penyesuaian ejaan, tetapi dengan penyesuaian lafal; (d) penyerapan tanpa
penyesuaian ejaan dan lafal. Sedangkan faktor yang menyebabkan seorang
penerjemah meminjamkan kata atau istilah dalam proses penerjemahan novel
tersebut ada 4 (empat), yaitu: (1) penerjemah tidak dapat menemukan kata yang
sedang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa yang sedang digunakan; (2) kata tersebut
tidak ada di dalam bahasa penerjemah atau penerjemah belum mengetahui kata
tersebut; (3) kata (yang ada dalam bahasa penerjemah) kurang popular sehingga
dia memilih kata yang lebih popular; dan (4) penerjemah dalam keadaan mental
dan fisik yang lelah, stress dan malas sehingga dia cenderung menggunakan kata
yang telah “tersedia”. Faktor nomer (1) dan (2) dianggap sama. Kedua faktor ini
adalah yang paling banyak menyebabkan penerjemah meminjam kata dari bahasa
sumber (bahasa Inggris dalam hal ini). Hampir 80 % dari kata pinjaman
disebabkan oleh kedua faktor ini, hal ini terjadi terutama dalam tipe peminjaman
murni.
Kata kunci: Kata pinjaman, penyerapan, penyesuaian

ix

ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “Borrowing in Translation of Novel Eat Pray Love
into Indonesian Makan Doa Cinta” discusses type of borrowing; the most
dominant borrowing type; the application of borrowing; and factors of borrowing
found in novel entitled Eat Pray Love written by Elizabeth Gilbert (2010) and its
translation into Indonesian Makan Doa Cinta by Silamurti Nugroho (2010).
The data which had been collected by observation method and note-taking
technique are then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using theory of
translation by Larson (1998); theory of borrowing by Molina and Albir (2002);
factors leading to the application of borrowing by Grosjean (1982); theory of
phonology by Odden (2005). At last the analyzed data are presented by using
informal and formal methods.
There are two types of borrowing found, they are: naturalized and pure
borrowing. The most dominant borrowing type found is naturalized borrowing
with 480 borrowings in number or 81,49 %. While there are 4 (four) processes of
absorption of foreign term to be Indonesian term in the application of borrowing

in the translation of the novel are found, the processes are based on process of
absorption of foreign term to be Indonesian term in Pedoman Umum
Pembentukan Istilah, they are: (a) The absorption with spelling and pronunciation
adjustment;(b) The absorption with spelling adjustment without pronunciation
modification;(c) Absorption without spelling adjustment but there is
pronunciation adjustment; and (d) Absorption without spelling and pronunciation
adjustments. Furthermore there are four factors the translator borrowed words in
the translation of the novel Eat Pray Love into Indonesian, they are:(1)The
bilingual can’t find the word which is being transferred in language which is
being spoken;(2)The word does not exist in the speaker’s language or the speaker
hasn’t known the word yet;(3)The word (which does exist in the language being
spoken) is less popular, so s/he prefers a word which is more popular; and (4)The
bilingual is not in good mental and physical condition, so s/he tends to use word
which is “available”.Factor (1) and (2) are considered the same. These two factors
are the most causing the translator to borrow terms from source language. Almost
80 % of borrowings result from by these two factors. This occurs mostly in pure
borrowing.
Key word: borrowing, absorption, adjustment.

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
INSIDE FRONT COVER .............................................................................
TITLE PREREQUISITE ..............................................................................
APPROVAL SHEET .....................................................................................
THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ..................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURE .........................................................................................
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................
1.1
Background ..........................................................................................
1.2

Problems...............................................................................................
1.3
Aims of the Study ................................................................................
1.4
Significance of the Study .....................................................................
1.5
Scope of the Study ...............................................................................

i
ii
iii
iv
v
viii
ix
x
xii
xiv
xv
1

1
4
4
5
6

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
AND RESEARCH MODEL .......................................................................... 7
2.1
Literature Review ................................................................................. 7
2.2
Concept ................................................................................................ 16
2.2.1 Concept of Borrowing Technique ........................................................ 16
2.3
Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 18
2.3.1 Theory of Translation........................................................................... 19
2.3.2 Theory of Borrowing ........................................................................... 20
2.3.3 Theory of Phonology ........................................................................... 21
2.4

Research Model.................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD ................................................................................
3.1
Research Approach ..............................................................................
3.2
Data Source ..........................................................................................
3.3
Research Instrument .............................................................................
3.4
Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................
3.5
Method and Technique of Analyzing Data ..........................................
3.6
Method and Technique of Presenting the Analyzed Data....................

xi

25
25

27
28
28
29
34

CHAPTER IV
BORROWING IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS OF NOVEL EAT
PRAY LOVE INTO INDONESIAN MAKAN DOA CINTA ........................ 36
4.1 Types of Borrowing and the Most Dominant Borrowing Type ............. 36
4.1.1 Types of Borrowing .............................................................................. 36
4.1.2 The Most Dominant Borrowing Type ................................................... 40
4.2 The Application of Borrowing in the Translation of the Novel Eat Pray
Love ...................................................................................................... 41
4.2.1 Absorption with Spelling and Pronunciation Adjustment ................... 41
4.2.2 Absorption with Spelling Adjustment without Pronunciation
Modification ......................................................................................... 85
4.2.3 Absorption without Spelling Adjustment but There is Pronunciation
Adjustment .......................................................................................... 90
4.2.4 Absorption without Spelling and Pronunciation Adjustment .............. 97

4.3
Factors that Leading to The Application Borrowing in Translation
Process Of Novel Eat Pray Love into Indonesian Makan Doa Cinta... 102
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................................................... 106
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 106
5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................... 109
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 110
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 113

xii

LIST OF TABLES

3.1 Naturalized Borrowing ............................................................................
3.2 Pure Borrowing .......................................................................................
3.3 Table 3.3...................................................................................................
3.4 Table 3.4...................................................................................................
4.1 Grapheme c into k Text ............................................................................
4.2 Grapheme c into k Changes .....................................................................
4.3 Grapheme au, ee, oo into vowel o,i,o.....................................................
4.4 Grapheme au, ee, oo into vowel o,i,o Changes ......................................
4.5 Grapheme c into Consonant s Text ..........................................................
4.6 Grapheme c into Consonant s Changes....................................................
4.7 Grapheme x into ks Text ..........................................................................
4.8 Grapheme x into ks Changes ..................................................................
4.9 Grapheme y into vowel i Text.................................................................
4.10 Grapheme y into vowel i Changes ...........................................................
4.11 Grapheme ph into Consonant f Text ........................................................
4.12 Grapheme ph into Consonant f Changes..................................................
4.13 Grapheme cc into ks or k Text .................................................................
4.14 Grapheme cc into ks or k Changes...........................................................
4.15 Grapheme th into Consonant t Text .........................................................
4.16 Grapheme th into Consonant t Changes ...................................................
4.17 Grapheme ch into Consonant s or k Text .................................................
4.18 Grapheme ch into Consonant s or k Changes ..........................................
4.19 Grapheme mm, ss, ll into Consonant m, s, l Text ....................................
4.20 Grapheme mm, ss, ll into Consonant m, s, l Changes .............................
4.21 Grapheme q into Consonant k Text .........................................................
4.22 Grapheme q into Consonant k Changes ...................................................
4.23 Ending – (a)tion into Suffix –asi, si Text .................................................
4.24 Ending – (a)tion into Suffix –asi, si Changes ..........................................
4.25 Ending –ive into –if Text .........................................................................
4.26 Ending –ive into –if Changes ...................................................................
4.27 Ending –ant into –an Text ........................................................................
4.28 Ending –ant into –an Changes .................................................................
4.29 Ending –ical into –is Text ........................................................................
4.30 Ending –ical into –is Changes ..................................................................
4.31 Ending –al into–al Text ............................................................................
4.32 Ending –al into –al Changes ...................................................................
4.33 Ending –ism into –isme Text ...................................................................
4.34 Ending–ism into–isme Changes ...............................................................
4.35 Ending –or into –ur Text ..........................................................................
4.36 Ending –or into –ur Changes ...................................................................
4.37 Ending –ity into –itas Text .......................................................................

xiii

Page
31
32
32
34
42
44
44
47
47
49
49
51
51
52
53
54
55
56
56
58
58
60
61
63
63
64
65
66
66
68
69
70
71
72
73
76
76
78
78
79
79

4.38 Ending –ity into –itas Changes ................................................................
4.39 Ending Suffix –ist into–is Text ................................................................
4.40 Ending –ist into –is Changes ....................................................................
4.41 Ending –ure into –ur Text ........................................................................
4.42 Ending –ure into –ur Changes ..................................................................
4.43 Ending –age into –as Text........................................................................
4.44 Ending –age into –as Changes .................................................................
4.45 Data B.56 Text .........................................................................................
4.46 Data B.56 Changes ...................................................................................
4.47 Data B.3 Text ...........................................................................................
4.48 Data B.3 Changes .....................................................................................
4.49 Data B.6 Text ...........................................................................................
4.50 Data B.6 Changes .....................................................................................
4.51 Data B.55 Text .........................................................................................
4.52 Data B.55 Changes ...................................................................................
4.53 Data C.1 Text ...........................................................................................
4.54 Data C.1 Changes .....................................................................................
4.55 Data C.8 Text ...........................................................................................
4.56 Data C.8 Changes .....................................................................................
4.57 Data C.18 Text .........................................................................................
4.58 Data C.18 Changes ...................................................................................
4.59 Data C.40 Text .........................................................................................
4.60 Data C.40 Changes ...................................................................................
4.61 Data C.39 Text .........................................................................................
4.62 Data C.39 Changes ...................................................................................
4.63 Data D.2 and Data D.46 Text ...................................................................
4.64 Data D.2 and Data D.46 Changes ............................................................
4.65 Data D.51 Text .........................................................................................
4.66 Data D.51 Changes ..................................................................................
4.67 Data D.73 Text .........................................................................................
4.68 Data D.73 Changes ..................................................................................
4.69 Data D.85 Text .........................................................................................
4.70 Data D.85 Changes ..................................................................................

xiv

81
81
82
82
83
84
85
86
86
87
88
88
89
89
90
91
92
92
93
93
94
94
95
96
96
97
98
99
100
100
101
101
102

LIST OF FIGURE

Page
2.1 Research Model ............................................................................................... 23

xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BI

: Bahasa Indonesia

EPL

: Eat Pray Love

KBBI

: Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Large Dictionary of the
Indonesian Language)

MDC

: Makan Doa Cinta

PUEBIYD

: Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan

PUPI

: Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah

P3B

: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

RL

: Receptor Language

SL

: Source Language

xvi