Group japan Report Dina Anggraeni

Report of The International Joint


Seminar & Visit to Shin-Koto
Incineration Plant
Tokyo, 15 – 19 May 2017

DINA ANGGRAENI
(120820160031)
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY


1. MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
To analyze how the business keep going in the middle of force the external factors, we will use
PESTEL analysis. PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environment and
will more explain as follow.

Political
Since 1950, Japan is the best of economic country in East Asia due to industrialization and
support from economical policies. One of them, they were protected their market and give the subsidy to
domestic producers and restrict imports from other countries. This policy also make Japan refuse the Free
Trade Agreement.
In 2001, all the paradigm about protected market was change since new Japan’s prime minister
Junichiro Koizumi elected. He started the agreement with ASEAN countries known as Koizumi Doctrine.
This agreement organize the cooperation between Japan and other ASEAN countries to do the free trade.
In 2002, Japan signed the Joint Declaration to create the frame work for ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive
Economic Partnership (AJCEP).
Besides the free trade policy, Japan started privatized the national companies, such as post office
to decrease cost of subsidy for unproductive national companies. Koizumi also made a policy to decrease
the subsidy for the farmers at the same time and got resistance from the farmers but can not change the
decision made. This situation being more complicated due to issue of rice import from other countries.
After the hard effort, it start showed the result. In negotiation with ASEAN members, Japan agree
to remove tariffs on industrial product and protect their agricultural sector being closed market. Japan
offer the cooperation with give the training about improvement of sanitation to increase their agriculture
sector, Japan also send their expert to increase otomotive sector. This policies made export from Japan to
ASEAN countries increase and also increase Japan’s Gross domestic Bruto (GDP). Now, we can see many
product of Japan in others country and we can also see other’s countries product in Japan as impact of

this policy. Several product that famous in Indonesia like sony, Toyota, Suzuki, Honda and many more.

Economic
To increase their economic, Japan develop tourism sector. Japan has unique culture, beautiful
nature and wery well-organized city as
one of alternative for tourist destination.
To support torism sector, Japan
give duty free for government tax and tax
free for consumption’s tax. We can easily
find shop with tax free, since they usually
use flag from Japan tourism agencies. Tax
free applies to all tourist except long term
tourist who lived for six months in Japan,
tourist who work at Japan also for Japan’s
citizen.
There are several requirements to get tax free in Japan:
Purchasing the goods in store where tax free is allowed
Non-food items, such as watches, clothing and daily necessities. This items sould be taken out from
Japan within six months from the date of entering Japan
c. Consumption items such as cosmetics, medicines, food and drinking water should be taken out of

Japan (shealed) within 30 days from the date of purchase.
In case for common goods, we should buy with total purchase Y 10.001 or more in one store. This
common goods consist of non-consumption goods such as electrical, accessories, watch and clothing. For
consumption goods (foods, water, cosmetics, medicine), total purchase in one store is Y 5.001 and less
than Y 500.000. Total for common goods and consumption goods should be separate.
a.
b.

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Social
The contrast lifestyle can find
between office workers and teenagers
in Japan. For office workers we can see
they are look very serious both in terms
of dressing and socializing life. Its totally
different with Indonesia, in Japan office
workers mostly wear suit as their
uniform. They also known as brand

minded people, that’s why shopping
centre in Tokyo like Ginza being the best
place for office workers to shop. We can
find so many brands store here. Besides
being a shopping area for local people,
Ginza also being one of destination for
tourist to shopping.
Harajuku being one of famous
area for Japanese to explore their style.
They wear unique costums and act out
various anime characters to show their
freedom of style. This make Harajuku
being as one tourist destination to see
directly how unique they are. Besides it,
we can also going shopping for some
lifestyle items here.
Not only in style, Japanese also
very respects to make their children
being
independence

people.
Kinderganten student going to school by them self is something common in Japan. when their kids
entering senior high school, they usually have permits to started part time job and get salary from it. So
they can have something from their salary, such as branded phone, clothing, and others.

Technological
Japan well known as country that applied good technology in many sector. Technology and
industrialist era start in 1868-1912 known as Meiji Restoration. This era as beginning for Japan to
transform from feudal country to industrial country.
One of succsess technology that applied in Japan are in bullet train and shinkansen. This super
fast train can go with 600 km/hours speed, shinkansen can completed 515 kilometers in 2,5 hours. They
use levitation magnetic technology that can push the train in to maximal speed. Many people in Japan
prefer going everywhere by train and subway, that’s why we only see little car on street. In Indonesia
most of cars are from Japan, but in Japan they prefer going by public transportation. They also use bicycle
to support their transportation. Its not only health for body but also decrease the pollution.

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Other technology that applied is

earthquake resistant buildings. Earthquake is one
of the disasters that became a threat in Japan due
to Japan stand on pasific plates. This technology
make the existing buildings become flexibles and
not easy collapsed due to effect of the earthquake.
This technology also adapted to mini market
buildings that also design to have energy reserve,
so the electricity will still exist even generally
disconnected during the earthquake.
In other function, robot being something
common in Japan, one of them can find in Aqua
city mall, odaiba. Some restaurant use robots also
as waiters, it make people interest to come not
only to taste the food but also feel rarely
experience.
Legal
Something legal in one country maybe will
not legal in other country, this is also apply in
Japan. In Indonesia cigarettes is something
common to buy or sale everywhere, but in Japan

not everyone can buy cigarettes, we must have
permits to buy cigarettes and its not for under age
people.
Besides permits, Japan’s government also
straight about people who smoke in public area.
We must pay Y 5.000 if we smoke in places that
forbid to smoke. To accommodate smokers,
Japan’s government provide many smoking space in public areas. So they can smoke without break the
rule. This is good for tobacco business since Japan’s government not forbid the cigarettes and give the
special space for smoker, so they are not intrusive athers people with their smoke.

Environmental
Japanese very concern about environmental. Small thing that have big effect is about how they
manage their trash. In japan, they categorize
their trash based on trash that could be
processed naturally and couldn’t be
processed naturally.
a. Moerugomi (trash that could be
processed naturally)
May consist of household waste, such as

kitchen waste, photo, diapers, log and
pillow. For kitchen waste, it must be dry
before put in in garbage plastic.
b. Moenaigomi (trash that couldn’t be
processed naturally)
May consist of can, bottle, plastic, iron,
chemical , paper, and glass.
In Japan, they have schedule to
throw their trash, we must throw the trash
based on schedule and their categorize.

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Moerugomi usually throw twice a week and moenaigomi once a week. Moerugomi use green garbage
plastic and Moenaigomi use white plastic.
Other regulation about trash in Japan is about special trash. Special trash is paid trash. This trash
may contain of television, computer, air conditioner, refrigator, microwave, closet and others. There is
another way to throw up this special trash, we can throwh it in the recycle shop and get money if our
goods still in good conditions.

Recommendation
Its being complicated when must compare our country with Japan, but there are very much input
to make our contry better. Indonesia can make Japan as rolemodel in many sectors. Here are the
recommendation:
a. For business owner in Indonesia
we can use technology to improve our production and manage the residual waste for better
environment. Indonesia have so many cultures and beautiful landscapes. We can seize the
opportunity by manage tourisment business better for example make tanah abang more effective
for tourist as clothing shopping center. We also can make Indonesiaan traditional food being more
famous with more promotion and good packaging.

b. For government in Indonesia
• We not only can being importer but also make a regulation to protect our local market,
especially for basic needs, such as rice.
• We also can increase our export with high quality product and use technology to support
• Indonesia can imitate how to manage their trash from Japan
• We must create public transportation and infrastructure better to decrease traffic jam and
pollution and support our economy
• Government must be more concern about the dangers of cigarretes, not only build more

smoking space but also consist with regulation to not smoke in public area
• We can imitate Japan to build earthquake resistant buildings due to several area in Indonesia
are earthquake prone area.


2. CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
To determine how to enter overseas markets, market participants need to establish a form of cross
cultural consumer analysis. Cross-cultural consumer analysis is an attempt to determine the degree of
similarities and differences between two or more countries. This analysis can provide an understanding of
the consumer's psychological, social, and cultural
characteristics that targeted by market participants, so they
can design effective marketing strategies.

Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
Japan well known as country that very concern about
what they eat and what contain in their foods. That’s why
they make ingredients in food label very details. For
carbohydrate japan not only consume rice but also many
varians of noodles. They also eat fish and vegetables a lot.
Japan also known as green tea producers. green tea is

one of variety tea with high antioksidant that very good for
our body. Green tea or matcha being one of featured product
that can find easily in many products in Japan, such as ice
cream, pan cake, chocolates and many more. This is being one
of favorite souvenirs for tourist that visited Japan.

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Beside foods, to support their healthy life, most of Japanese have the good habit to walk,
bicycleing, hiking.

Acculturation
Japan have similarity with China in
several aspects. In yamato’s era, they built
their kingdom with acculturation from
Chinese
architecture.
Not
only
architecture, but also in language, writing,
religion, agriculture, weave, even
treatment and medication. Traditional
massage from china known as shiatsu or
anma was adopted in Japan and use to
heal some diseases.
Another acculturation such as
fashion come from Europe. Most of office worker wear suit for their uniform. Now suit being something
common in Japan and other countries in the world. Not only in lifestyle, most of halal food in Japan come
from muslim country, such as India, Pakistan, Turkey, Malaysia. We can find halal ramen in some places in
Japan, this is also show us how acculturation happened. Furthermore, as one of international student
destination, we can also find the acculturation between local people and students from other countries.

World Brands
One of famous brand that
existing in Indonesia is sony. Sony
have a lot of varian of products,
such as gadget, film production
and music, video game and others.
Sony established in Indonesia in
1995, in usic industry, sony
mergered with BMG music being
Sony BMG Music Entertainment
Indonesia.

Recommendation
a.

b.

For business owner in Indonesia
We must try our best for being business leader not only in Indonesia but also in the world. We can
imitate Japan how they build their business and consist with their high quality product with their
dedication and discipline
For government
Acculturation make our culture being richer, government can make a regulation about how manage
the differences between peoples in Indonesia being a benefit for all. We can also















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3. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT


SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION PLANT




Waste from human activity being global issue right now. One of solution for that issue is reduce
the waste as little as possible and encourage the recycling of waste as resource. Burning is the best way
for processing waste and recycling energy due to combustible waste is burnt in hygienic manner and heat
generated serves to generate electricity for energy recycling.
Shin-koto incineration plant built with air pollution preventive facilities that plays an important
role of processing waste produced within 23 cities in Tokyo. Below are the details about Shin-Koto
Incineartion Plant includes the equipments:
2
a. Site area : 61.000 m
b. Incinerate 1.800 t/day.
c. Construction cost : 88 billion yen approximately
d. Completed : September 1998
e. Building scale : Reinforced concreate (partially iron framed); Nine stories above (partially one under)
the ground
2
f. Building site : 28.000 m approximately
2
g. Total floor area : 77.000 m approximately
h. Stack : Outer cylinder, reinforced concrete made; inner cylinder : stainless steel sheet made
i. Height: 150 m
j. Incinerator : Fully continuous incineration, fire grate type 600t/day x 3 units
k. Boiler : Natural circulation type water pipe boiler with heater; maximum steam generated: 121,3 t/h
x 3 units
l. Turbine generator : Bleeder condensing turbine 50.000 kw x 1 unit
3
m. Dust collector : Bug filter dust collector, volume of freated exhaust gas : 200.000Nm max/h x 3 units
3
n. Refuse bunker: 45.000 m approximately
o. Refuse bunker gate : 2 1 double leafed hinged gates
3
p. Ash bunker : 2.900 m approximately
q. Power reception equipment : Incoming power volt, 2 lines
r. Vapor emissions : 1.483 kt
s. Amount of steam turbine : 1,043 kt

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The features of the plant describe as follow:
National top-class waste disposal plant
As on of the biggest in Japan, incinerates 1.800 ton waste per day, and about 400.000 ton per year,
generate 50.000 kw with a stam turbine generator
b. Prevention of air pollution
Plant removes most of hydrogen chloride contained in exhaust, dust, sulfur oxides, and mercury. It
success reduce the emision of dioxins at a much lower level than legally stipulated using dioxin
removal facilities
c. Compatible with the global and local environment

From data above we can see need huge money to built an incineration plant in Japan. In the
concept of asset optimalization, Indonesian government can use idle asset such as land to minimize the
budget. The incineration also manage well, they can get profit from heat as result of incineration. Details
about how it works will explain below:
a. Waste carried by garbage trucks is dumped into the waste bunker
a.

b.
c.
d.
e.

Waste is temporarily stored and then thrown into the waste hopper
Waste is burned continuously on the stoker
Steam is generated by the heat of combustion in the incinerators
The steam turbine generator is a system to generate electric power utilization steam produced by
the boiler
f. The opearation of the entire plants is intensively monitored in the central control room with the
computers. All the equipment is also under control of the room
g. Ash is produced by incineration is temporarily stored and then transported out in ash carring vehicle

Shin-koto incineration plant stand around other building, it could be happened due to the
incineration have no pollution as the result of burn the waste. The process of happened in De-NOx
Catalyst Reaction Tower, where changes NOx contained in flue gas into non harmful nitrogen and water
with help of catalyst by blowing ammonia gas, and catalyst decompose dioxins. The process as follow:



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Besides the process in the catalyst reaction tower, there are bag filter that remove dioxins, mercury,
hydrogen, chloride, sulfur, oxide, soot and dust of flue gas from the cooling tower and make clean gas as the
result.





As second largest incineration plant in Tokyo, we can see if Shin-koto incineration plant have a
great view and stand around other building since it free from pollutant.





To give comprehensive ililustration about incineration plant, below are list of clean authority in
Tokyo and the property area:

2
NO
Plant Name
Property Area (m )
Incineration capacity
(tons/day)
1
Meguro
29.000
600
2
Ariake
24.000
400
3
Chitose
17.000
600
4
Edogawa
28.000
600
5
Sumida
18.000
600
6
Kita
19.000
600
7
Shin Koto
61.000
1800
8
Minato
29.000
900
9
Toshima
12.000
400
10
Shibuya
9.000
200
11
Chuo
29.000
600

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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Itabashi
Tamagawa
Adachi
Shinagawa
Katsushika
Satagaya
Ota
Nerima

44.000
32.000
37.000
47.000
52.000
30.000
92.000
15.000

600
300
700
600
500
300
600
600

As comparative, in Indonesia the common way to manage the trash is throw them to place
known as TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir). There are three methods that usually used in TPA to process
the trash, namely:
a. Open Dumping
In this method, trash dump in open place and left after full. This is not recomanded since could give
bad impat people around and the environment.
b. Control landfill
This is is next step of open dumping method, the accumulation of trash will be covered by layer of
soil to reduce bad impact from the trash.
c. Sanitary landfill
Sanitary landfill is method where trash dump into soil with layer by layer on a site that has been
prepared. The trash formed into solid by heavy equipment and covered by soil every day. This
method quite expensive due to infrastructure needed.
Indonesian Government regulate waste management with constitution Number 18 of 2008, in
article 42 said that local government must closed TPA that used open dumping method maximum 5 years
from 2008, in other words, it must applied in 2013. Mohammad Helmy as vice chairman of InSwa
(Indonesia Solid Waste Association) said that main obstacle why the local government can not applied TPA
as mandated in legislation is due to the expensive of land cover, especially for the region that have no hills
or montains such as Kalimantan and East Sumatera. Below data show us 58% from 14 TPA in big city at
Indonesia covered the trash once a month until once a year, mean quite difficult to apply the regulation
about how local government manage their trash.


Some regions in Indonesia that success with sanitary landfill such as TPA Puuwatu Kendari,
Southeast Sulawesi, they use methane from TPA being fuel for electricity and gas burner. This is good
example for other region to manage their waste and optimize their asset. Talking about waste
management in Indonesia, scavenger being common profession. When we manage the trash, we not only

9


manage the trash but also people. There are no more room for scavenger when we built incineration
plant, and no more slum neighborhood around. In Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi, they success manage TPA
with bank sampah (waste bank). Every worker in bank sampah is paid with UMR (regional minimum
wage), their task are select the trash that come, and grouping them base on type, origin and color. We can
also manage the scavenger dan train them for grouping the trash it will optimize the people as asset.
Asset management could define as a process from planning until disposal, known as life cycle of
asset, detail as follow:
a. Plaaning phase
In this phase, we plan and create asset based on needed
b. Procurement phase
We can buy the asset, built it or create it in this phase. But buying the asset is common way.
c. Operating and maintenance phase
Asset use as the function and need maintenance to make the asset life longer and use properly
d. Disposal phase
When economical age of asset was end up and can not works anymore.
Siregar (2004) define asset optimizing is a work process in asset management to optimize the
potential of physical, location, value, volume, legal and economy from the asset. In order to optimize the
asset, asset will identifiedand grouping based on theit potential function. We need some criteria to
measure how the asset will be grouping and we must know, why the asset being idle capacity. Siregar also
stated that to optimize asset we must:
a. Maximize asset availability
b. Maximize asset utilization
c. Minimize cost of ownership
Siregar (2004) said the aim of asset optimizing are:
Identify and inventory all the asset based on shapes, size, physical, legal and also decide market value
from each asset to know their economical benefit
b. Utilize the asset, wheter it is suitable with the function or not
c. Create the information and administration system to reach the efficiency and effectiveness
The result from asset optimizing process is an recommendation, could be as program and strategic goals.
a.

Bantar gebang for example stand on local government land with 108 ha area, widest incineration
plant in Japan only have 92.000 m2 area. If we build one incineration plant in Bantar gebang we will save
another land for other infrastructure or we can rent to private company. Here are several incineration in
Indonesia to give comprehensive overview:
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Name of TPA
Bantar Gebang
Gampong Jawa
Puuwatu
Wakonti
Tangerang Raya
Muara Fajar
Putri Cempo
Benowo
Sambuta
Jatibarang
Tamangapa
Segawe
Sukawinatan
Blang Bintang
Leuwi Gajah
Marelan
Nambo

Location
Bekasi
Banda Aceh
Kendari
Baubau
Mauk
Pekan Baru
Surakata
Surabaya
Samarinda
Semarang
Makasar
Tulungagung
Palembang
Banda Aceh
Bandung
Medan
Bogor

Area
108 ha
9 ha
13 ha
3 ha
20 ha
13 ha
17 ha
38 ha
30 ha
46 ha
14 ha
5,5 ha
25 ha
200 ha
25 ha
14 ha
55 ha

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18


Piyungan

Yogyakarta

10 ha

To optimize TPA in Indonesia, we could also invite the private company to work together, there
are several form of cooperation between central government, local government and private company to
use the asset:
a. Rent
Government’s Land and building could be rent for other party to optimize the value of asset
b. Lease
Lease usually only for central and local government. Local government lease the central government
asset without pay anything in the period of time.
c. Cooperation of utilization
Asset utilization within certain time period to increase revenues and minimize costs
d. Build, Opration and transfer
Other party build the infrastructure and facilities and used it in period of time, when the time is over
the infrastructure and facilities transfer back to the government to manage and use the asset.
Massoud and M. El-fadel (2002), Public-private partenership in waste management have advantages
and disadvantages, namely:
Advantages
Disadvantages
Municipality (public ownership and operation)
1. Less complicated financing
1. Assumes entire financial risk
2. Control of system
2. Assumes entire environmental risk
3. Potential for income from tipping fees
3. Personnel efficiency may be lower than
4. Retention of ownership of equipment
companies
and facilities when debt is paid
4. Capital expendicture may take longer
5. Money for solid waste service stay in
to process
region
5. System maybe susceptible to political
interfence and short term benefits
MSW (Municiapl solid Waste) collection alternatives
Contracting
Contracting
1. Can take advantage of private sector
1. Assumes entire financial risk
experience and effiecency in operation
2. Assumes most of the environmental
2. Retains some control over system
risk must manage the contract
3. Retain ownersip of equipment and
3. Necessary administrative oversight and
facilities when debt is paid
enforcement
4. Likely to result in the lowest collection
4. Contractor fee is often collected from
cost
residents

Franchise
Franchise
1. The government does not have raise
1. Some residents will object to changing
money to pay the private company
service providers
2. Administrative involvement is minimize
2. Private
company
may
want
3. Will result in lower cost for residents
government or municipality to bear
some risk for bad acoounts
3. Will not result in the lowest collection
cost
MSW traetment and disposal facilities management alternatives
BOO (Biuld, Operate, Own) concession
BOO concession
1. No up front capital cost to municipality,
1. Financial rewards occur to private
less strain on municipal budget
owner, solid waste is a cost witout
2. Financial risk assumed by private owner
potential for generating income, and
3. Private owner remains commited
tax dollars leave region
because of financial investment
2. Must share the environmental risks
4. Can take advanteges of private sector
3. Must manage contract, financial
experience and efficiency in operation
difficulties and contract problems may

11


5.

More
flexibility
in
establishing
management structure
Less susceptible to political interfence

hinder service
Once a municipality is out of the solid
6.
waste business it may be difficult to get
back whicj weakens negotiating
positition in the future
5. Do not own facility or equipment after
debt is paid lost of control over system
BOOT (Biuld, Operation, Own, Transfer) BOOT concession
concession
1. Will lose some control of system
1. Retain some control over system
2. Ownership will eventually be
2. Private sector finance facilities
transferred over the government
3. Outline the final condition in which the
3. Requires
meticulously
develop
facilities must be presented t o the local
spesification
government at the time of ownership
transfer
4.




Recommendation
Indonesia can adopt how Japan manage their waste with incineration plant. We can use our idle
asset such as land to minimize budget if we want to start to build the incineration plant or we can change
the function of TPA being incineration plant. We can also adopt technology that used in Japan to
minimize our pollution level. Not only built, Japan also concern about how they treat their asset,
maintenance very helpful to make sure our asset being long life and work properly.

To optimize the result, we can also make a relation with private company as our investor and
also as customer who will use the heat as result of incineration for their business. The optimizing of result
will give the benefit for government to increase revenue and also give the other option as energy
resources. In other hand, private company must have CSR that support about waste issue in Indonesia.
The cooperation could be as campaign how to manage their own waste, give the training about waste
management with local communities, give the heavy equipment to facilitate the process, etc.

Japan as reference maybe quite hard to be comapred, Indonesia can start to concern about
how to covered trash as mandated by law, so we can optimize the land that we have and make better
environment.

























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Dasuki, A. 2008. Strategi Pengelolaan TPA Bantar Gebang. Tesis UI
Fitri, Nafira, Sukma Sushanti and Putu Titath Kawitri Resen. 2014. Kebijakan Jepang di Kawasan Asia
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Environmental Management 30 (5):621-630
Siregar, Doli D. 2004. Manajemen Aset. Jakarta: Satyatama Graha Tara
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