As you can s e e , w a t c h i n g TV i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t part
APPENDIX Semester
: SMA
:
: F i e l d o f s t u d y
:
i e l d s t u d y : S u b j e c t S t r u c t u r e
T o p i c Gerund (1.1) T i me : 45 m i n u t e s
I. General o b j e c t i v e t h e end o f t h e l e a r n i n q p r o c e s s , t h e s t u d e n t s
w i l l be t o u n d e r s t a n d gerund and i t s . f u n c t i o n .
S p e c i f i c
1. Given a r e a d i n g passage, t h e s t u d e n t s a r e a b l e t o choose o f gerund.
2. Given a r e a d i n g passage c o n t a i n i n g gerund, t h e a r e a b l e t o f i n d t h e qerunds used i n t h e passage.
- .-
M a t e r i a l T h e r e a d i n g p a s s a g e :
E n j o y i n g B r e n d a e n j o y s w a t c h i n g TV. S h e l i k e s w a t c h TV
t o a t
home. S h e l i k e s t o w a t c h i n b a r s . S h e e v e n l i k e s t o w a t c h TV i n d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ! TV p a r t y o u c a n s e e , i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t o f B r e n d a ' s l i f e .
Bad H a b i t M r . w i f e always h i m t o s t o p t a l k i n g about She t h a t about b u s i n e s s i s .
M r .
he s t i l l
keeps on t a l k i n g about b u s i n e s s . He wants t o s t o p i t , b u t he c a n ' t . i s a h a b i t he c a n ' t
The f o r m
: + V + V i n g
The gerund may be used i n f o l l o w i n g ways:
I. as a
s u b j e c t as an o b j e c t as a p r e d i c a t e complement
IV. as a noun m o d i f i e r I.
Gerund as s u b j e c t T h e p a t t e r n Gerund + P r e d i c a t e e
: 1. Cooking i s a good hobby. 2. cake i s v e r y h a r d .
L e a r n i n g new t a k e n a l n n g t i m e .
The gerund can
b e
used as t h e s u b j e c t o f a sentence. The n f sentence c o n t a i n s a p h r a s e i s a and complement .
Gerunds a s
a. The p a t t e r n Subject. v e r b gerund 1. F a k r i e n j o y s r i d i n g a b i c y c l e .
- :
2. F a t h e r l i k e s v e r y much.
Nobody u n d e r s t a n d s h i s b e h a v i n g l i k e t h a t . Usage :
1. The gerund o r gerund p h r a s e can be used as t h e d i r e c t o b j e c t o f c e r t a i n v e r b s . l o o k t h e s e n t e n c e s above. The gerund p h r a s e a b i c y c l e ' i s t h e d i r e c t o b j e c t o f t h e v e r b
' e n j o y s ' .
2. The v e r b s t h a t can be f o l l o w e d b y gerund a d m i t , a v o i d , a p p r e c i a t e , b e g i n , c o n t i n u e , d i s l i k e , mind, n e g l e c t , p r e f e r , remember, s t a r t . v e r b s : c a n ' t h e l p , deny, f i n i s h , h a t e , keep, r e g r e t , s t o p , can be b y a
a s w i t h no
t h e d i r e c t d i f f e r e n c e
in
- Gerund The p a t t e r n : Verb P r e p o s i t i o n I ' m t h i n k i n g about g o i n g home.
3. She a p o l o g i z e d f o r coming l a t e .
The gerund can be as t h e p r e p u s i 111. Gerund as P r e d i c a t e Complements The p a t t e r n : be Gerund e
: 1. My hobby i s swimming.
2. H i s f a v o r i t e s p o r t was b i c y c l e r i d i n g . Usage
:
The gerund may be used as a p r e d i c a t e complement. i t c o m p l e t e s t h e p r e d i c a t e t h e be. The gerund 'swimming' i s used a s t h e p r e d i c a t e complement ' i s ' .
Gerund as o f Nouns. The p a t t e r n
: Gerund Noun The r e a d i n g a r e on t h e t a b l e .
2. The room f u l l p e o p l e .
Usage
: 1.
The gerund may be used as a m o d i f i e r o f a noun. I t d e s c r i b e s t h e use o f t h e
i t m o d i f i e s . A boo':: i s a boot:: f o r r e a d i n g .
i s a r o o m u s e d b y p e o p l e a r e
2. c o m e s b e f o r e t h e n o u n i t a n d
s t r e s s i s w i t h a l o n g e r t h a n t h e n o u n .
T V . T e a c h i n g L e a r n i n g A c t i v i t i e s S t u d e n t s
1. R e s p o n d G r e e t s t h e s t u d e n t s
2. P a r t i c i p a t e
t h e s e n t e n c e P a y a t t e n t i o n p a t t e r n o f g e r u n d
a t t e n t i o n t h e r e a d i n g a n d r e a d i t p a s s a g e c o n t a i n s g e r u n d
P a y a t t e n t i o n t h e i n t h e p a s s a g e
- P a y a t t e n t i o n t h e , f u n c t i o n o f
and
gi. t h e e
D o t h e t h e s t u d e n t s t o d o t h e
- A s k s
- a n s w e r s C h e c k t h e i r
a n s w e r s T e a c h i n g A i d s 1 or
.
2.
m i n u t e s m i n u t e s R e f e r e n c e
R e a d i n g P r o g r a m m e ,
C h o o s e t h e w o r d s i n p a r e n t h e s e s
! c h a m p i o n h a s b e e n a s k e d p l a yA
,
,
S r i
G r a m m a r S t o r i e s 2. E , R e b e c c a . , M a s t e r i n g A m e r i c a n E n g l i s h E n g l i s h a n d 4. a n d a r i
1. S t e v e n , L i n e By L i n e E n g l i s h
10
a n d nq
En i : t h e
15 m i n u t e s
D i s c u s s t h e r e a d i n g p a s s a g e
10 m i n u t e s
:
e x e r c i s e s S c h e d u l e : o n
2. G i v i n g
, p l a y i n g ) a n
( i n t e r e s t e d i n t e r e s t i n g ) i n t h i s s h o u l d c e r t a i n l y
, a
p l a n o n ( t o a t t e n d a t t e n d i n g ) . W a t c h i n g f i n e p l a y e r
,
i s a g o o d way ( i m p r o v i n g i m p r o v e ) o n e ' s own game. I n
,
a d d i t i o n , p l e a s u r e i n ( s e e i n g see) i s
, s o m e o n e d o s o m e t h i n g e x p e r t l y .
I am c e r t a i n l y l o o k i n g
t o ( t o
f o r w a r d ( w a t c h i n g w a t c h ) t h e c h a m p i o n p l a y
, , p l a y ) .
i n e t h e g e r u n d u s e d i n t h i s p a s s a g e a n d i t s f u n c t i o n ! A f t e r - h a r d a l l w e e k , p e o p l e y w a n t f i n d a way t o s p e n d t h e i r S u n d a y s . C i t y p e o p l e
a r e b o r e d w i t h s t a y i n g i n t h e c i t y . Many p e o p l e , u s u a l l y
men b u t sometimes women t o o , l i k e f i s h i n g b e c a u s e t h i s a n i n t e r e s t i n g way t o g e t o f t o relax a n d i t d o e s n o t n e e d much money.
i s
T h e e q u i p m e n t f o r f i s h i n g q u i t e s i m p l e . You a n l y n e e d a h o o k , a f i s h i n g p o l e a n d f i s h i n g l i n e s , b u t a w i l l a l s o s t i c k a n d a p i e c e o f s t r i n g d o . b o t h r i c h a n d p o o r p e o p l e c a n e n j o y t h e i r l u r k a n d s k i l l . p e r s o n who i s v e r y i n t e r e s t e d i n f i s h i n g u s u a l l y
some
h a s f a v o u r i t e f i s h i n g s p o t s . A g o o d p l a c e f o r f i s h i n g b e c l o s e e n o u g h t o t o w n s o t h a t i t c a n b e e a s i l y r e a c h e d b y b i k e . b e s h a d y t r e e s a n d a o f T h e man w i l l s i t u n d e r a w a t e r . w h i l e h e i s w a i t i n g f o r a f i s h t o c a t c h h i s b a i t .
'to s o u n d o f t h e water
w i l l r e f r e s h h i m . S o m e t i m e s h e w i l l c a t c h many f i s h a n d h e g e t n o t h i n g .
W i t h or w i t - h o u t a n y f i s h , a t t h e e n d o f t h e d a y h e g o a n d r e f r e s h e d . r e a d y t o -face t h e l i f e a n d h e a v y i n t h e c i t y o n Monday.
'The
.
: ger-und f u n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r .
i n t e r e s t e d . f i s h i n g ; gerund f u n c t i o n s as o b j e c t o f s p o r t s
9.
: as noun m o d i f i e r .
equipment f o r f i s h i n g gerund f u n c t i o n s a s o b j e c t o f p r e p o s i 7. a f s h i p o o l modi e r . f
6.
b o r e d w i t h s t a y i n g as o b j e c t o f p r e p o s i t i on. 4. f i s h i n g gerund f u n c t i o n s a s o b j e c t an i n t e r e s t i n g way -F u n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r
3.
: . f u n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r .
1. A f t e r w o r k i n g gerund as o b j e c t o f ' p r e p o s i t i on. 2. a
, p l a y s .
: A.
t o watch
,
s e e i n g
,
i m p r o v i n g
,
a t t e n d i n g
,
i n t e r e s t e d i n
,
p l a y
11. p l a c e f i s h i n g : as o f p r e p o s i 12. f l o w i n g water gerund f u n c t i o n s as noun i e r . s i t t i n g gerund f u n c t i o n s as
15.
t h e
s p l a s h i n g sound f u n c t i o n s noun 16. t h e f u n c t i o n s as modi
er- . I . T h e e x a m p l e o f p a s s a g e s c o n t a i n i n g g e r u n d : E n j o y i n g L i f e Howard e n j o y s r e a d i n g . H e l i k e s t o r e a d i n s c h o o l .
H e l i k e s t o r e a d i n t h e l i b r a r y . H e e v e n l i k e s t o r e a d i n
!
t h e b a t h t u b A s y o u c a n s e e , r e a d i n g i s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f H o w a r d ' s l i f e .
Bad H a b i t s V i n c e n t ' s f r i e n d s a l w a y s t e l l h i m t o s t o p T h e y t h i n k t h a t g o s s i p i n g i s n ' t n i c e . V i n c e n t k n o w s t h a t , b u t h e s t i l l k e e p s o n
H e t o s t o p b u t h e c a n ' t . G o s s i p i n g i s a
g o s s i p i n g . w a n t s h a b i t c a n
I m p o r t a n t D e c i s i o n s
Lana had t o an d e c i s i o n r e c e n t l y .
Her- l a n d l o r d s o l d h e r a p a r t m e n t and she had t o
d e c i d e t o do.F i r s t , she c o n s i d e r e d t o Then, b u y i n g a s m a l l house. F i n a l
y
,
d e c i d e d t o move home w i t h h e r p a r e n t s f o r a w h i l e .
Lana t h i n k s she made t h e r i g h t d e c i s i o n . S h e ' s g l a d
she d i d n ' t move a n o t h e r apartment o r buy a s m a l l
She moving home w i t h h e r a w h i l e was t h e t h i n g t o do. r e a d i n g passages c o n t a i n i n g p a s s i v e : I .V e r y I n h i r e d by t h e Company
a
as I n s e n t t o t h e company t o s t u d y s t a t i s t i c s a n d a c c o u n t i n g .
I n she was g i v e n f i r s t r a i s e . J u s t two months l a t e r , she was promoted t o t h e p o s i t i o n of s u p e r v i s o r o f h e r department.
I n she was chosen "employee o f t h e month". I n October she was g i v e n a n o t h e r r a i s e . I n November she was t o a p p l y f o r a p o s i t i o n f i c e i n England. i n t h e company's
Add December she was g i v e n t h e new j o b and was t o t o wor c e r t a i n l y has had a v e r y y e a r . She c a n ' t b e l i e v e a l l t h e w o n d e r f u l t h i n g s t h a t have happened t o h e r s i n c e she was h i r e d t w e l v e months ago.
2 .
Not R e a l l y a N u t One o f t h e most p o p u l a r members o f t h e pea f ami y i s t h e p e a n u t , which i n t h e S t a t e s i s sometimes c a l l e d t h e goober pea. Peanuts were f i r s t f o u n d i n and have been t i v a t e d f o r many c e n t u r i e s . M i l l i o n s k i l o g r a m s o f a r e grown each y e a r t h r o u g h o u t t h e U n i t e d L a r g e amounts a r e a l s o i n o t h e r o f t h e w o r l d such as I n d i a , A f r i c a , and China. Peanuts grow b e s t i n l o o s e , sandy s o i l . They r e q u i r e r e g u l a r and cannot s u r v i v e f r o s t . A f t e r t h e y grow t o a c e r t a i n h e i g h t , t h e stems o f t h e peanut. p l a n t s bend o v e r . The young a r e pushed i n t o . , . .
. . . t h e s o i l . The p e a n u t s , o r n u t i seeds, grow r i p e t h e ground.
Peanuts a r e m o s t l y f o r f o o d . I n t h e s o u t h e r n p a r t o f U n i t e d S t a t e s , p e a n u t s a r e used t o f e e d f a r m a n i m a l s . Peanuts may be r o a s t e d and e a t e n whole b y people. Peanuts may a l s o be made i n t o peanut candy, peanut b u t t e r , and o t h e r t h i n g s . P a r t s o f p e a n u t s a r e a l s o used i n making o i l s , c o s m e t i c s , soap, o s i ves p l a s t i c s ,
, f and m e d i c i n e s .
The t h a t i s n o t a n u t i s a v e r y u s e f u l p r o d u c t .
The r e a d i n g passage c o n t a i n i n g s e n t e n c e s
- V >w i t h t h e p a t t e r n :
A CIGARETTE LIGHTER c i g a r e t t e l i g h t e r i s a s m a l l machine f o r g i v i n g u s a f l a m e api. t o l i g h t o u r c i g a r e t t e . I t i s a s i m p l e machine w i t h f i v e p a r t s . The b i g g e s t p a r t i s a t a n k f o r l i g h t i n g f l u i d On t h e t o p o f t h e a s i m p l e mechanism making t h e f l a m e . There i s c e n t r a l wheel' i n p l a c e b y a screw . t h e base o f wheel i s t h e f l i n t b a t u a p i c l o s e t o t h e w i c k which has c o v e r o v e r i t . There i s a l s o a l e v e r .
I t
i t I t i s a t t r a c t i v e l y f i n i s h e d and s h i n y . i s made o f m e t a l , p r o b a b l y chromium
I t i s i s t o a t i m e . so
, t h a t s l i p s i n t o a p o c k e t . i t
c o n t a i n i n g s e n t e n c e s : N
V t h e p a t t e r n Eskimos l o o k l i k e c h i n e s e p e o p l e . t h e i r h a i r i s b l a c k and s t r a i g h t . T h e i r b o d i e s a r e f a i r . They l i v e i n N o r t h o f Amer'ica and i n Greenland. They l i v e i n a l a n d o f i c e , a l a n d w i t h o u t t r e e s . W i n t e r i s a l w a y s v e r y c o l d and l o n g , and summer i s s h o r t . They l i v e n e a r t h e sea weather i s t o o c o l d . These p e o p l e o n l y e a t f i s h and meat. a r e c l e v e r a t c a t c h i n g a n i m a l s . T h e i r houses a r e v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g . I n t h e w i n t e r t h e y l i v e i n t h e houses e a r t h and s t o n e s w i t h an e a r t h e n r o o f , o r i n a house o f snow. T h e i r snow houses a r e and v e r y h i g h . Y o u can o n l y sand up i n t h e o f t h e house. Eskimos can b u i l d t h i s house v e r y t h e y t h e y make a new
A house l i k e t h i s i s v e r y v e r y c o l d . i s a i n s i d e t o warm t h e The snow does n o t become water because i t i s v e r y c o l d o u t s i d e . The door o f t h e snow house i s s o s m a l l t h a t warm a i r i n s i d e can n o t go o u t e a s i l y and t h e c o l d a i r can n o t come i n . The t h e Eskimos h a r d b u t t h e y a r e s t r o n g and p a t i e n t . They a r e s o happy w i t h t h e i r l i f e t h a t v e r y few want t o change i t . .