AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POLITENESS IN OPRAH’S TRANCRIPT
AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POLITENESS
IN OPRAH’S TRANCRIPT
By
Wida Prastyani
NIM 2006-32-241
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
ii
AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POLITENESS IN
OPRAH’S TRANCRIPT
SKRIPSI
Presented to Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Completing Sarjana Program in English Education
By
Wida Prastyani
NIM 200632241
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
iii
MOTTO AND DEDECATION
MOTTO
Our job is not to be success, but our job is to try and learn because try and learn
to find and build the opportunities for successes (Mario Teguh)
The spirit will be support in the hardship
There is life there is hope, there is hope there is success
There is no too late to be success
DEDICATION
This skripsi is dedicated to:
My
beloved
parents
siblings
Everyone who loves me
iv
and
my
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the sarjana skripsi of Wida Prastyani has been approved by
the skripsi advisors for further approval by the examining committee.
Kudus, March 15th, 2012
Advisor I
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Advisor II
Drs. Suprihadi, M. Pd
NIP.195706161984031015
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M. Pd
NIP. 1956061919858031002
v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is certify that the skripsi of Wida Prastyani (NIM 2006-32-241) has been
approval by the examining committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree in
the Teaching English as a foreign language.
Kudus, March 24th, 2012
Skripsi Examiners
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Chairman
Drs. Suprihadi, M. Pd
NIP. 1957061 619840 31 015
Member
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Member
Titis Sulistyowati, SS, M.Pd
NIP. 1981040 200501 2 001
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M. Pd
NIP. 195606191985803100
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise to God who gives me the spirit, power, dream, hope, healthy, and
inspiration to complete my research entitled “Positive and Negative Politeness
Found in Oprah’s Transcript”. Then, I would like to convey my gratitude to:
1.
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
2.
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS. M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department of
Muria Kudus University, also as my first advisor who corrects this research
carefully and gives great critics, opinion, and suggestion.
3.
Suprihadi, M.Pd who gives his time to read and correct my skripsi patiently
and correctly.
4.
All of the lecturers who help me complete this skripsi.
5.
My beloved parents and siblings who always support and praying to me.
6.
My close and special friend: Sutiah, Qodriyah, Mas Jojo, Syaiful, Mas Noval,
Mas Heri, Mas Agung, Dian Ika, Tri Mulyanto thanks for support and
everything had said to me that gives me the great spirit.
Then, thanks are due to those whose names couldn’t be mention here.
Finally, I hope this skripsi not only gives the knowledge for the reader, but also is
useful for the reader.
Kudus, March 2012
Wida Prastyani
vii
ABSTRACT
Prastyani, Wida. 2012. An Analysis of Positive and Negative Politeness in
Oprah’s Transcript. Skripsi. English Education Department. Teacher
Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor:
(i) Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd (ii) Drs. Suprihadi, M. pd
Key words: positive, negative, politeness, oprah
A good interaction requires the politeness principle to organize how to
communicate the information to other. Although, politeness seems like an old
customs, politeness is very important, especially in speaking and writing
activities. There are some reasons why politeness is important. First, politeness is
sign that we respect the other people who speak with us. Second, politeness
indicates that we are a professional person. Politeness can be learned from
transcript of talk show, for the example Oprah’s transcript.
This research has two purposes. There are to describe positive and
negative politeness that are found in Oprah’s transcript.
This research design used descriptive qualitative. The data is positive and
negative politeness. Meanwhile, the data source is Oprah’s transcript. I apply four
steps to collect the data, such as: downloading transcript, reading transcript,
searching and underline the politeness strategies, and listing the sentences which
contain politeness strategies. Meanwhile, I do two steps to collect the data. They
are reading the list and classifying the data into positive and negative politeness.
The result of the analyzing found 31 types of positive politeness strategies.
That are claim common ground (17), the host (S) conveys that all participants are
cooperators (7), fulfill H’s wants (2), encouragement expression (2), and
regarding the guest’s mistake (3). Meanwhile, I found 19 types of negative
politeness, such as: hedging (13), give deference directly (2), expressing hesitation
and unwillingness (4).
Based on the analyzing above, I suggest that the student should not only
know or reads about politeness strategy, but also learn deeply and practice the
politeness, especially to positive politeness. Moreover, I also suggest that the
teacher or lecturer should give the suggest or critic if the student don’t imply
positive politeness. Therefore, the student will get the habit to use positive
politeness.
viii
ABTRAKSI
Prastyani, Wida. 2012. Analisa Kesantunan Positif dan Negatif Dalam Transkrip
Oprah. Skripsi. Program pendidikan bahasa inggris. Fakultas keguruan
dan ilmu pendidikan. Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing (i) Fitri
Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd (ii) Drs. Suprihadi, M. pd
Key words: positive, negative, politeness, oprah
Interaksi yang baik membutuhkan prinsip kesantunan to mengorganisir
bagaimana menyampaikan sebuah informasi. Meskipun, kesantunan terlihat
seperti budaya lama, tetapi kesantunan sangatlah penting, khususnya dalam
aktivitas berbicara dan menulis. Ada beberapa alasan mengapa kesantunan
sangatlah penting. Pertama, kesantunan merupakan isyarat bahwa kita menghargai
lawan bicara kita. Kedua, kesantunan mengindikasikan bahwa kita orang-orang
yang professional. kesantunan dapat dipelajari melalui transkrip sebuah talk show,
sebagai contoh: transcript dari acara Oprah Winfrey.
Ada dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan tersebut adalah untuk
mendeskripsikan kesantunan positif dan kesantunan negative.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian
adalah kalimat yang memuat bentuk kesantunan positif dan negative. Sementara
itu, sumber data penelitian ini adalah transkrip Oprah. Saya menerapkan empat
langkah dalam mengklasifikasi data, yaitu mengunduh transkrip, membaca
transkrip, mencari dan menggarisbawahi strategi kesantunan, dan membuat daftar
kalimat yang memuat strategi kesantunan. Sementara itu, dalam pengumpulan
data, saya melakukan dua langkah, yaitu: membaca daftar kalimat yang memuat
bentuk kesantunan positif dan negatif serta mengelompokkan data dalam
kesantunan positif dan negative
Hasil penelitian menemukan 30 bentuk strategi kesantunan positif, yaitu:
mengasah hal yang umum (17), pembicara dan semua partisipan saling
bekerjasama (7), memenuhi keinginan pendengar (2), dorongan (2), dan
mengabaikan kasalahan (3). Sementara itu, saya menemukan 19 tipe strategi
kesantunan negatif, yaitu: pembatasan (13), menyampaikan pertidaksetujuan
secara langsung (3), serta keragu-raguan and ketidakmauan (4).
Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, saya memberi saran bahwa siswa sebaiknya
tidak hanya mengetahui atau membaca tentang strategi kesantunan, tetapi juga
belajar secara mendalam dan mempraktekkan strategi kesantunan, khususnya
kesantunan positif. Lebih dari itu, saya juga memberikan saran untuk dosen atau
guru supaya memberikan saran ataupun kritik kepada siswa yang tidak
menggunakan strategi kesantunan positif. Dengan demikian, siswa akan terbiasa
menggunakan kesantunan positif.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ...........................................................................................................
LOGO ..............................................................................................................
PAGE OF TITLE ..........................................................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL .........................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMANT.............................................................................
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
ABSTRAKSI...................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1.1 Background of the Research ..............................................................
1.2 Statement of the Research ..................................................................
1.3 Objective of the Research ..................................................................
1.4 Significant of the Research ................................................................
1.5 Scope of the Research ........................................................................
1.6 Definition of the Research .................................................................
CHAPTER II : REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE .......................
2.1 Pragmatics ..........................................................................................
2.2 Politeness ...........................................................................................
2.2.1 Politeness and Face ................................................................
2.2.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ...................................................
2.2.3 Negative Politeness Strategy..................................................
2.3 Biography of Oprah Winfrey .............................................................
2.3.1 Oprah Show ...........................................................................
2.4 Previous Study ...................................................................................
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH .....................
3.1 Design of the Research ......................................................................
3.2 Data and Data Source.........................................................................
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................
3.4 Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING .....................................................
4.1 The Description of Positive and Negative politeness Strategies
found in Oprah’s Transcript ...............................................................
x
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
xii
xiii
1
1
5
5
5
6
6
8
8
9
10
11
17
22
22
24
25
25
25
25
26
29
29
CHAPTER V : DISCUSSION ......................................................................
5.1 The Description of Positive and Negative politeness Strategies
found in Oprah’s Transcript ...............................................................
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................
6.1 Conclusion .........................................................................................
6.2 Suggestion ..........................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
xi
40
40
51
51
51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 The Description of Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies
Found Oprah’s Transcript ...........................................................
xii
29
LIST OF APPENDICES
Oprah’s Transcript ...........................................................................................
xiii
50
IN OPRAH’S TRANCRIPT
By
Wida Prastyani
NIM 2006-32-241
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
ii
AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POLITENESS IN
OPRAH’S TRANCRIPT
SKRIPSI
Presented to Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Completing Sarjana Program in English Education
By
Wida Prastyani
NIM 200632241
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
iii
MOTTO AND DEDECATION
MOTTO
Our job is not to be success, but our job is to try and learn because try and learn
to find and build the opportunities for successes (Mario Teguh)
The spirit will be support in the hardship
There is life there is hope, there is hope there is success
There is no too late to be success
DEDICATION
This skripsi is dedicated to:
My
beloved
parents
siblings
Everyone who loves me
iv
and
my
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the sarjana skripsi of Wida Prastyani has been approved by
the skripsi advisors for further approval by the examining committee.
Kudus, March 15th, 2012
Advisor I
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Advisor II
Drs. Suprihadi, M. Pd
NIP.195706161984031015
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M. Pd
NIP. 1956061919858031002
v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is certify that the skripsi of Wida Prastyani (NIM 2006-32-241) has been
approval by the examining committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree in
the Teaching English as a foreign language.
Kudus, March 24th, 2012
Skripsi Examiners
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Chairman
Drs. Suprihadi, M. Pd
NIP. 1957061 619840 31 015
Member
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Member
Titis Sulistyowati, SS, M.Pd
NIP. 1981040 200501 2 001
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M. Pd
NIP. 195606191985803100
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise to God who gives me the spirit, power, dream, hope, healthy, and
inspiration to complete my research entitled “Positive and Negative Politeness
Found in Oprah’s Transcript”. Then, I would like to convey my gratitude to:
1.
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
2.
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS. M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department of
Muria Kudus University, also as my first advisor who corrects this research
carefully and gives great critics, opinion, and suggestion.
3.
Suprihadi, M.Pd who gives his time to read and correct my skripsi patiently
and correctly.
4.
All of the lecturers who help me complete this skripsi.
5.
My beloved parents and siblings who always support and praying to me.
6.
My close and special friend: Sutiah, Qodriyah, Mas Jojo, Syaiful, Mas Noval,
Mas Heri, Mas Agung, Dian Ika, Tri Mulyanto thanks for support and
everything had said to me that gives me the great spirit.
Then, thanks are due to those whose names couldn’t be mention here.
Finally, I hope this skripsi not only gives the knowledge for the reader, but also is
useful for the reader.
Kudus, March 2012
Wida Prastyani
vii
ABSTRACT
Prastyani, Wida. 2012. An Analysis of Positive and Negative Politeness in
Oprah’s Transcript. Skripsi. English Education Department. Teacher
Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor:
(i) Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd (ii) Drs. Suprihadi, M. pd
Key words: positive, negative, politeness, oprah
A good interaction requires the politeness principle to organize how to
communicate the information to other. Although, politeness seems like an old
customs, politeness is very important, especially in speaking and writing
activities. There are some reasons why politeness is important. First, politeness is
sign that we respect the other people who speak with us. Second, politeness
indicates that we are a professional person. Politeness can be learned from
transcript of talk show, for the example Oprah’s transcript.
This research has two purposes. There are to describe positive and
negative politeness that are found in Oprah’s transcript.
This research design used descriptive qualitative. The data is positive and
negative politeness. Meanwhile, the data source is Oprah’s transcript. I apply four
steps to collect the data, such as: downloading transcript, reading transcript,
searching and underline the politeness strategies, and listing the sentences which
contain politeness strategies. Meanwhile, I do two steps to collect the data. They
are reading the list and classifying the data into positive and negative politeness.
The result of the analyzing found 31 types of positive politeness strategies.
That are claim common ground (17), the host (S) conveys that all participants are
cooperators (7), fulfill H’s wants (2), encouragement expression (2), and
regarding the guest’s mistake (3). Meanwhile, I found 19 types of negative
politeness, such as: hedging (13), give deference directly (2), expressing hesitation
and unwillingness (4).
Based on the analyzing above, I suggest that the student should not only
know or reads about politeness strategy, but also learn deeply and practice the
politeness, especially to positive politeness. Moreover, I also suggest that the
teacher or lecturer should give the suggest or critic if the student don’t imply
positive politeness. Therefore, the student will get the habit to use positive
politeness.
viii
ABTRAKSI
Prastyani, Wida. 2012. Analisa Kesantunan Positif dan Negatif Dalam Transkrip
Oprah. Skripsi. Program pendidikan bahasa inggris. Fakultas keguruan
dan ilmu pendidikan. Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing (i) Fitri
Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd (ii) Drs. Suprihadi, M. pd
Key words: positive, negative, politeness, oprah
Interaksi yang baik membutuhkan prinsip kesantunan to mengorganisir
bagaimana menyampaikan sebuah informasi. Meskipun, kesantunan terlihat
seperti budaya lama, tetapi kesantunan sangatlah penting, khususnya dalam
aktivitas berbicara dan menulis. Ada beberapa alasan mengapa kesantunan
sangatlah penting. Pertama, kesantunan merupakan isyarat bahwa kita menghargai
lawan bicara kita. Kedua, kesantunan mengindikasikan bahwa kita orang-orang
yang professional. kesantunan dapat dipelajari melalui transkrip sebuah talk show,
sebagai contoh: transcript dari acara Oprah Winfrey.
Ada dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan tersebut adalah untuk
mendeskripsikan kesantunan positif dan kesantunan negative.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian
adalah kalimat yang memuat bentuk kesantunan positif dan negative. Sementara
itu, sumber data penelitian ini adalah transkrip Oprah. Saya menerapkan empat
langkah dalam mengklasifikasi data, yaitu mengunduh transkrip, membaca
transkrip, mencari dan menggarisbawahi strategi kesantunan, dan membuat daftar
kalimat yang memuat strategi kesantunan. Sementara itu, dalam pengumpulan
data, saya melakukan dua langkah, yaitu: membaca daftar kalimat yang memuat
bentuk kesantunan positif dan negatif serta mengelompokkan data dalam
kesantunan positif dan negative
Hasil penelitian menemukan 30 bentuk strategi kesantunan positif, yaitu:
mengasah hal yang umum (17), pembicara dan semua partisipan saling
bekerjasama (7), memenuhi keinginan pendengar (2), dorongan (2), dan
mengabaikan kasalahan (3). Sementara itu, saya menemukan 19 tipe strategi
kesantunan negatif, yaitu: pembatasan (13), menyampaikan pertidaksetujuan
secara langsung (3), serta keragu-raguan and ketidakmauan (4).
Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, saya memberi saran bahwa siswa sebaiknya
tidak hanya mengetahui atau membaca tentang strategi kesantunan, tetapi juga
belajar secara mendalam dan mempraktekkan strategi kesantunan, khususnya
kesantunan positif. Lebih dari itu, saya juga memberikan saran untuk dosen atau
guru supaya memberikan saran ataupun kritik kepada siswa yang tidak
menggunakan strategi kesantunan positif. Dengan demikian, siswa akan terbiasa
menggunakan kesantunan positif.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ...........................................................................................................
LOGO ..............................................................................................................
PAGE OF TITLE ..........................................................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL .........................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMANT.............................................................................
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
ABSTRAKSI...................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1.1 Background of the Research ..............................................................
1.2 Statement of the Research ..................................................................
1.3 Objective of the Research ..................................................................
1.4 Significant of the Research ................................................................
1.5 Scope of the Research ........................................................................
1.6 Definition of the Research .................................................................
CHAPTER II : REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE .......................
2.1 Pragmatics ..........................................................................................
2.2 Politeness ...........................................................................................
2.2.1 Politeness and Face ................................................................
2.2.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ...................................................
2.2.3 Negative Politeness Strategy..................................................
2.3 Biography of Oprah Winfrey .............................................................
2.3.1 Oprah Show ...........................................................................
2.4 Previous Study ...................................................................................
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH .....................
3.1 Design of the Research ......................................................................
3.2 Data and Data Source.........................................................................
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................
3.4 Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING .....................................................
4.1 The Description of Positive and Negative politeness Strategies
found in Oprah’s Transcript ...............................................................
x
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
xii
xiii
1
1
5
5
5
6
6
8
8
9
10
11
17
22
22
24
25
25
25
25
26
29
29
CHAPTER V : DISCUSSION ......................................................................
5.1 The Description of Positive and Negative politeness Strategies
found in Oprah’s Transcript ...............................................................
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................
6.1 Conclusion .........................................................................................
6.2 Suggestion ..........................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
xi
40
40
51
51
51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 The Description of Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies
Found Oprah’s Transcript ...........................................................
xii
29
LIST OF APPENDICES
Oprah’s Transcript ...........................................................................................
xiii
50