Sintesis Selulosa Sitrat dari Selulosa Daun Nenas (Ananas comosus (L)Merr ) Melalui Reaksi Esterifikasi dengan Asam Sitrat Sebagai Pengadsorpsi Ion Kadmium (Cd2+)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Almeida, J. A., Barreto, R. E., Novelli, L. B., Castro, F. J. and Moron, S. E., 2009.
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Aggressive Behavior in Fish Exposed to
Aquatic Cadmium Contamination. Neotropical Ichtyology, Vol 7, pp. 103108, 2009.
Apelblat, A., 2014. Citric Acid.London : Springer.
Anonim, 1952.The Merck Index. New Jersey. USA : Merk and Co., Inc.
Atalla, R.H., 1987.The Structures of Cellulose, Characterization of The Solid States,
ACS Symposium series , NO. 340, Washington.
Bai, R., and Li, N., 2005. Novel Chitosan-Cellulose Hydrogel Adsorbents for Lead
Adsorption.Environtment Science Technology.
Barrow, G.M., 1979.Physical Chemistry,Fourth Edition, Mc Graw Hill International
Book Company, Tokyo.
Bethel,
J.S., 1962. Forest Products Their Sources, Production, and
Utilization.Second Edition. New York. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company Inc.
Coffey, D.G., Bell, D.A., and Handerson, A., 1995.Cellulose and Cellulose Derivate,
NewYork: John Wiley & Son.
Davidek, J. J., Valisel and Pokorny., 1990. Chemical Changes During Food
Processing Development In Food Science 21. Elsevier.
Fan, L. T., Gharpuray, M.M., and Lee, Y. H., 1987.Cellulose Hydrolysis. Berlin:
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Fengel, D., and Wegener, G., 1995.Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi, Gajah
Mada University press, Yogyakarta.
Fessenden, R. J., dan Fessenden, J. S., 1992. Kimia Organik. Edisi Ketiga. Jilid II.
Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ganstrom, M. 2009. Cellulose Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties and Applications.
Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House.
Genung, and R. C Mallat., 1941. Analysis of cellulose derivatives- determination of
total combined acyl in cellulose organic esters. Ind. Eng. Chem, 13, 369 – 374.
Ghandi, N. N.,1997.Application of Lipase.J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc.74,6.
Grimaux, A., 1880. Synthese de l’acide citrique. C R Acad Sci 90:1252 - 1255 .
Hardjono, S., 1995.Kimia Kayu:Dasar-Dasar dan Penggunaannya. Edisi kedua,
Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Hart, H., Craine, L.E., and Hart, D.J., 2003.Kimia Organik.Edisi Kesebelas, Jakarta :
Erlangga.
Hidayat, P., 2008. Teknologi Pemanfaatan Serat Daun Nanas sebagai Alternatif
Bahan Baku Tekstil, Teknoin,Vol 13,31-35.
Ibbet,R.N., Kaenthong,S.,Philips,D.A.S., Wilding, M.A., 2006. Characterisatim of
Porosity of Regenerated Cellulosil Fibres Using Classical Dye Adsorbtion
Techniques, Lenzinger Berichte,Vol 88, 77-86.
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., and Heinze, T., 1998.Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry
Volume 2. Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag.
Lehninger, A.L., 1988.Dasar-DasarBiokimia.Jilid 1.Jakarta: Erlangga.
Low, K. S., C. K. Lee and S. M. Mak., 2004.Sorption of copper and lead by citric
acid modified wood. Wood Sci Technol, 38: 629-640.
Maron, S.H., Prutton, C.F., 1964.Principles of Physical Chemistry, The Macmillan
Company, New York.
Marshall, W.,Wartelle,L.,Chatters,A., 1999. Enhanced Metal Adsorption by Soybean
Hulls Modified with Citric Acid. New Orleans : Elsevier.
Norman, A. G., 1937.The Composition of Same Less Common Vegetable Proses.
Biochemistry Section, 1575-1578.
Ohwoavworhua, F. O.,Adelan, T.A., 2005. Some Physical Characteristics of
Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Raw Cotton of Cochlospermum
planchonii. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Nigeria.
Ozgulsun, A., Karaosmanoglu, F., dan Tuter, M., 2000. Esterification Reaction of
Oleic Acid With a Fuel Oil Fraction for Production of Lubricating Oil.
J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc.77,11.
Onggo, H., Astuti, J.T., 2005. Pengaruh Sodium Hidroksida dan Hidrogen Peroksida
terhadap Rendemen dan Warna Pulp dari Serat Daun Nenas, Jurnal Ilmu dan
Teknologi Kayu Tropis, Vol.3. No. 1.
Pearson ,R,G., 1963. Hard and Soft Acids and Bases, J.Am.Soc. 85: 3533-3539
Rakhmat, F.A dan Fitri, H., 2007.Budidaya dan Pasca Panen Nanas.Balai
Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Kalimantan Timur Departemen Pertanian.
Setiyawan, Y., 2010.Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam
Pengembangan Produk Manufaktur Menuju Era Globalisasi. Bandung:
Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Siregar, M., 1988.Dasar-dasar Kimia Organik.Jakarta : P2LPTK.
Smook, G.A., 1982. Hand Book For Pulp and Pare Technologist.Boston: Miller
Freeeman,Inc.
Solomons, G., 2014. Organic Chemistry.Eleventh Edition. United States of America :
John Wiley & Sons.
Thanh, N dan Nhung,H ., 2009. Cellulose Modified With Citric Acid and Its
Absorption of Pb2+and Cd2+Ions. Hanoi: ECSOC.
Widowati, W., Astiana, S., Raymond, J.R., 2008.Efek Toksik Logam. Andi Offset,
Yogyakarta.
Wilbraham, A dan Matta, M., 1992.Pengantar Kimia Organik dan Hayati.Bandung :
penerbit ITB.
Winarno, F. G., 1997.Kimia Pangan dan Gizi.Cetakan Kedelapan. Jakarta: Penerbit
PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Wurzburg, O.B., 1986. Modified Starches : Properties and Uses. Florida : CRC Press.
Yan, Y., Born Scheuer, U.T., Stadler, G., Lutz-Wahl, S., Reuss, M. and Schmid,
R.D., 2001. Production of Sugar Fatty Acid Ester by Enzimatic Esterification
in a Stireed-Thank Membrane Reactor. Optimization of Parameters by
Response Surface Methodology. J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc.78,2.
Zugenmaier,P., 2008. Crystalline Cellulose and Derivates, Springer-Verlag, Jerman.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric acid)
( https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadmium)
Almeida, J. A., Barreto, R. E., Novelli, L. B., Castro, F. J. and Moron, S. E., 2009.
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Aggressive Behavior in Fish Exposed to
Aquatic Cadmium Contamination. Neotropical Ichtyology, Vol 7, pp. 103108, 2009.
Apelblat, A., 2014. Citric Acid.London : Springer.
Anonim, 1952.The Merck Index. New Jersey. USA : Merk and Co., Inc.
Atalla, R.H., 1987.The Structures of Cellulose, Characterization of The Solid States,
ACS Symposium series , NO. 340, Washington.
Bai, R., and Li, N., 2005. Novel Chitosan-Cellulose Hydrogel Adsorbents for Lead
Adsorption.Environtment Science Technology.
Barrow, G.M., 1979.Physical Chemistry,Fourth Edition, Mc Graw Hill International
Book Company, Tokyo.
Bethel,
J.S., 1962. Forest Products Their Sources, Production, and
Utilization.Second Edition. New York. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company Inc.
Coffey, D.G., Bell, D.A., and Handerson, A., 1995.Cellulose and Cellulose Derivate,
NewYork: John Wiley & Son.
Davidek, J. J., Valisel and Pokorny., 1990. Chemical Changes During Food
Processing Development In Food Science 21. Elsevier.
Fan, L. T., Gharpuray, M.M., and Lee, Y. H., 1987.Cellulose Hydrolysis. Berlin:
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Fengel, D., and Wegener, G., 1995.Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi, Gajah
Mada University press, Yogyakarta.
Fessenden, R. J., dan Fessenden, J. S., 1992. Kimia Organik. Edisi Ketiga. Jilid II.
Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ganstrom, M. 2009. Cellulose Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties and Applications.
Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House.
Genung, and R. C Mallat., 1941. Analysis of cellulose derivatives- determination of
total combined acyl in cellulose organic esters. Ind. Eng. Chem, 13, 369 – 374.
Ghandi, N. N.,1997.Application of Lipase.J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc.74,6.
Grimaux, A., 1880. Synthese de l’acide citrique. C R Acad Sci 90:1252 - 1255 .
Hardjono, S., 1995.Kimia Kayu:Dasar-Dasar dan Penggunaannya. Edisi kedua,
Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Hart, H., Craine, L.E., and Hart, D.J., 2003.Kimia Organik.Edisi Kesebelas, Jakarta :
Erlangga.
Hidayat, P., 2008. Teknologi Pemanfaatan Serat Daun Nanas sebagai Alternatif
Bahan Baku Tekstil, Teknoin,Vol 13,31-35.
Ibbet,R.N., Kaenthong,S.,Philips,D.A.S., Wilding, M.A., 2006. Characterisatim of
Porosity of Regenerated Cellulosil Fibres Using Classical Dye Adsorbtion
Techniques, Lenzinger Berichte,Vol 88, 77-86.
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., and Heinze, T., 1998.Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry
Volume 2. Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag.
Lehninger, A.L., 1988.Dasar-DasarBiokimia.Jilid 1.Jakarta: Erlangga.
Low, K. S., C. K. Lee and S. M. Mak., 2004.Sorption of copper and lead by citric
acid modified wood. Wood Sci Technol, 38: 629-640.
Maron, S.H., Prutton, C.F., 1964.Principles of Physical Chemistry, The Macmillan
Company, New York.
Marshall, W.,Wartelle,L.,Chatters,A., 1999. Enhanced Metal Adsorption by Soybean
Hulls Modified with Citric Acid. New Orleans : Elsevier.
Norman, A. G., 1937.The Composition of Same Less Common Vegetable Proses.
Biochemistry Section, 1575-1578.
Ohwoavworhua, F. O.,Adelan, T.A., 2005. Some Physical Characteristics of
Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Raw Cotton of Cochlospermum
planchonii. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Nigeria.
Ozgulsun, A., Karaosmanoglu, F., dan Tuter, M., 2000. Esterification Reaction of
Oleic Acid With a Fuel Oil Fraction for Production of Lubricating Oil.
J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc.77,11.
Onggo, H., Astuti, J.T., 2005. Pengaruh Sodium Hidroksida dan Hidrogen Peroksida
terhadap Rendemen dan Warna Pulp dari Serat Daun Nenas, Jurnal Ilmu dan
Teknologi Kayu Tropis, Vol.3. No. 1.
Pearson ,R,G., 1963. Hard and Soft Acids and Bases, J.Am.Soc. 85: 3533-3539
Rakhmat, F.A dan Fitri, H., 2007.Budidaya dan Pasca Panen Nanas.Balai
Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Kalimantan Timur Departemen Pertanian.
Setiyawan, Y., 2010.Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam
Pengembangan Produk Manufaktur Menuju Era Globalisasi. Bandung:
Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Siregar, M., 1988.Dasar-dasar Kimia Organik.Jakarta : P2LPTK.
Smook, G.A., 1982. Hand Book For Pulp and Pare Technologist.Boston: Miller
Freeeman,Inc.
Solomons, G., 2014. Organic Chemistry.Eleventh Edition. United States of America :
John Wiley & Sons.
Thanh, N dan Nhung,H ., 2009. Cellulose Modified With Citric Acid and Its
Absorption of Pb2+and Cd2+Ions. Hanoi: ECSOC.
Widowati, W., Astiana, S., Raymond, J.R., 2008.Efek Toksik Logam. Andi Offset,
Yogyakarta.
Wilbraham, A dan Matta, M., 1992.Pengantar Kimia Organik dan Hayati.Bandung :
penerbit ITB.
Winarno, F. G., 1997.Kimia Pangan dan Gizi.Cetakan Kedelapan. Jakarta: Penerbit
PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Wurzburg, O.B., 1986. Modified Starches : Properties and Uses. Florida : CRC Press.
Yan, Y., Born Scheuer, U.T., Stadler, G., Lutz-Wahl, S., Reuss, M. and Schmid,
R.D., 2001. Production of Sugar Fatty Acid Ester by Enzimatic Esterification
in a Stireed-Thank Membrane Reactor. Optimization of Parameters by
Response Surface Methodology. J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc.78,2.
Zugenmaier,P., 2008. Crystalline Cellulose and Derivates, Springer-Verlag, Jerman.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric acid)
( https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadmium)