Group japan report RENDRA KURNIA NPM
REPORT
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan
Held by
Graduate School of
International Cooperation Studies
Arranged by :
RENDRA KURNIA WARDANA
NPM. 120820160030
Magister Manajemen
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
Universitas Padjadjaran
Tokyo, Japan 15 – 19 May 2017
Overview
Japan is one of the most largest countries in the world with excellence in the various sectors. Starting
from its economic growth up to the advancement of the technology that is used by people all over the world.
According to the World Economic Database in 2006, Japan has become the country with the fastest economic
growth along with South Korea and Germany, with a nominal GDP of about as 4.5 trillion dollar US.. Nation
Master, Economics Statistics, 2007 write about Japan's main industry is the various sector of economic, social,
technology industry and environment. Based on the World Factbook Japan economy (2006), amounting to
three quarters of GDP’s Japan comes from the service sector.
Figure 1 : Japan’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Have a very entrenched culture of ancient times also makes the attraction for the country Japan.
Japan Society is so loving and upholds its own, various cultural festivals are often held in the country to attract
foreign tourists who come to Japan. Festivals such as Kabuki theater festival, Bunraku festival, Rakugo festival.
There is also a celebration of Hanami, where this is a celebration of Japan's society enjoy the appearance of
flowers in spring, particularly cherry blossoms. The cherry blossoms which symbolized the growing presence of
the joys of Japanese society in the spring. There is also the art of folding from Japan that are already well
known in the world, namely Origami. Origami is the art of folding paper with the use of which generally have a
square shape. Handcrafted art that has a beauty that is very high.
With many achievements that are owned by Japan, then the Civitas Academica of Magister
Management, Padjadjaran University interested to visiting Japan and learn a variety of things positive from
those countries to be able to be used as a role-model who eventually could be applied in the Government of
Indonesia throughTHE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR & VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO (Shin-Koto
Incineration Plant) TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT, 15-19 Mei 2017.
Marketing Analysis Report
Case : Asakusa Kannon Temple
The main gate of the complex is called Kaminarimon Sensoji temple gate while right in front of
the entrance to the complex sounds of Sensoji Temple. Once in the gate Kaminarimon we will be in suguhi
with rows of souvenir shops selling a wide by traditional Asakusa and various kinds of desserts typical of
Japan, the area known by Asakusa's Nakamise Dori. Here we get to shopping for a wide variety of key chains
or paintings typical of Japan, there is also the shirt that reads Japan Kanji which is certainly the price of all
that is more affordable. With a wide range of local uniqueness is presented makes the stores in the area of
Asakusa has a characteristic fruity with stores that exist in other areas, in addition to that it also stores is
also owned by most of the locals are acting that this shopping complex is conducive for economic growth of
local communities in the area.
Figure 2 : Local Shop in Asakusa Kannon Temple
Case : Tsukiji Fish Outer Market
Tsukiji Fish Market is a fish market, the largest fruit and vegetables became one of the tourists
visit if was on holiday, located in the Prefecture of Tokyo, Japan. This place is famous for the presence of
tunanya fish auction tradition that is so attractive to tourists. If want to see this auction, then tourists will
have to depart early in the morning to this market because it was held in the morning. Tsukiji fish market
became the largest suppliers in meeting the needs of fresh fish for the people of Japan. Has a modern
market that is so clean and hygienic makes tourists fond of shopping for fresh fish in this place. Far from the
impression a lot of dirty or seedy, we see in the markets in our own country. With the ever-increasing
tourist visits each year, the Government proposed the transfer of the Tsukiji market in Tokyo to a location
that is larger and has a larger shelter, namely Toyosu Fish Market.
Tsukiji Market is supplied in place for tourists who want to buy fresh fish with the creation of an
integrated market that is very clean and far from the impression of a fishy smell or dirty. Some pieces of
fresh fish prepared for sale to tourists, it also contains some ready-made fish to be eaten directly in place.
This may actually be emulated by Indonesia to make fish markets that exist in this country can be managed
well without having to leave the impression of a fish market itself.
Figure 3 : Fresh Fish Sales Center
Case : Harajuku Street
The location is outside the Harajuku Station, just outside the door of Takeshita. Harajuku is very
popular in Japan with gathering a wide range of young people from various parts of Japan, from a variety of
styles of young Japan latest to model the latest fashion here. Gathering them here only to just meet old
friends, chatting or shopping in the area of Takeshita Street. This road is so popular for the young because
it's along this road is a shopping area that is a favorite of young people in Japan. This place become
interesting with various trinkets or souvenirs that became Japan teen trend that is so popular for its teen
Japan.
Harajuku has the uniqueness of this place which became a Center for
gatherings of young kids Japan with a strange look, which becomes a more value
for Japan in developing art and creativity among young people. And be a
tremendous attraction for foreign tourists to visit Japan.
Figure 4 : Harajuku Street
Case : Shisui Premium Outlet
A relatively new addition to Kanto’s outlet malls, Shisui Premium Outlets opened in 2013 and,
considering its proximity to Narita Airport, it’s a good place for a shopaholic to pass the time during a long
layover. The mall has 180 shops and features both Japanese and international brands. It also has some deals for
foreign visitors: there’s the Narita Transit Program, which entitles those spending a layover in Narita to a
souvenir and discount coupon, and additional coupons for tourists. This outlet had very close to Narita Airport
are expected to be a transit point for shopping before leaving Japan.
Shisui was the site of the existing integrated shopping in Japan. A very
cozy place and many different brands of the world is available here.
With a location close to Narita Airport, providing a venue for tourists
visiting for a moment in this place as one of the places of transit for
shopping. In addition, the untum developed the economic growth
that is equitable for the people on the side of the suburbs of Tokyo.
Figure 5 : One of point view at Shisui Premium Outlets
Figure 4 : Harajuku Street
PESTLE ANALYSIS
ü Political
The country of Japan is a constitutional monarchy State. Japan heads of State led by an
emperor who are hereditary as well as having powers limited by the Constitution. While the head
of the Government led by a Prime Minister who is in charge of Japan's Parliament. Japan's
Parliament consists of two chambers, namely the upper House and the lower House. The country
consists of 47 prefectures of Japan which has a power which is delegated by the Central
Government to each, each prefecture.
Trias politika country Japan is divided into three branches, namely:
a. Executive consists of the Prime Minister and the ranks of Ministers (the Cabinet) which
is responsible towards the Parliament.
b. Legislative, in Japan, the diet is formally referred to as consisting of a lower
House/Shugiin consists of 480 members and Councillors/Sangiin consists of 242
members.
c. Judiciary, has 5 (five) types, namely: Justice of the Supreme Court, High Court, district
courts, family courts and tribunals.
ü Economic
The country's economic system Japan embraced free-market economic system and
leaning to the industrisasi. Similar systems were adopted by other developed countries like the
United States, Germany, and other big countries. Starting from its economic growth up to the
advancement of the technology that is used by people all over the world. According to the World
Economic Database in 2006, Japan has become the country with the fastest economic growth
along with South Korea and Germany, with a nominal GDP of about as 4.5 trillion dollar US.. Nation
Master, Economics Statistics, 2007 write about Japan's main industry is the various sector of
economic, social, technology industry and environment. It is predicted in the coming year, Japan
along with other Asian developed nations will break the dominance of Western countries over the
world economy.
ü Social
The country of Japan has a population of about 127 million people. The country's
demographic structure has the uniqueness of Japan where the population aged older ore than
younger. As the impact of dNegara Japan has a population of about 127 million people. The
country's demographic structure has the uniqueness of Japan where the population aged older ore
than younger. As the impact of the decline in the birth rate and the tendency of the young
generation that was not to marry or have families at maturity.
A declining population of Japan feared the country would make Japan semkin lost
population. The Government is trying to come back raising the population by immigration as well
as the presence of the addition of incentives in the form of money towards the birth of a baby as a
solution in the face of a growing population of Japan is experiencing aging.
ü Technology
The discovery of a wide range of technologies that have been created by the country of
Japan does not make this country keep stopping to do innovation. They continued to create new
works and performing a variety of creativity to support as well as support the ease of his life.
In 2014, the country of Japan got the grace of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as the
most efficient countries in developing creativity into innovation. The gift of technology efficiency
obtained by Japan after the country capable of excelling on the 36 indicators than other Asian
countries. These indicators include patents, the number of the world's best universities, books,
film, research budgets as well as technology development conducted by Japan.
ü Legal
The development of modern law in Japan is based on the legal systems in continental
Europe. Especially those from the countries of France and Germany related judicial system and law
became the most important regulations in the country of Japan. Now Japan is becoming more
dynamic countries in the implementation of its legal system in which Japan society itself more to
put forward the culture of shame where the various events of the law itself can be minimised.
ü Environmental
Being a country that so much of the island as well as the conditions that is prone to
earthquakes and tsunami, making the population of Japan is increasingly aware of the
environmental conditions. Today, the Government of Japan promote environmentally conscious
programs with different effort effort towards environmental protection. Japan also tried to help
other countries in tackling the environmental issues for example, the application of the
cooperation cycle technology, technology to reduce emissions of the gases Conservatory, and
various other technologies.
RECOMMENDATION
One of the most important tips in starting a business in Japan is setting an attitude that basing on
the mindset of long-term Japan entrepreneurs. The ultimate goal is to build a framework that steady so that
it will support the occurrence of transactions sustainable business, so it's not just a business relationship
which is momentary or short-term. Are sincerity and commitment will be the cornerstone of an effective
grounding-needs to be owned by the principals of business abroad.
1. Indonesia can imitate various innovations made by Japan in developing economic growth for the
people, one of them by making integrated spending tourist area where tourists can shop may fill with
a variety of different brands that are famous are already available at the venue.
2. The local government as the spearhead that existed in the area can develop the suburban areas as the
center of people's economy that is considered necessary to enhance the economic growth of the
society, especially those located in the outskirts of the city.
1. Cross Cultural Analysis Report
Case : Asakusa Kannon Temple
Asakusa is a region in Taito, Tokyo, Japan which is famous with its Sensoji Temple. This temple is
one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Japan its special in Tokyo which was built in the 6th century around,
there is also mention of his right in 645. Beginning his two brothers named Hinokuma Takenari Hinokuma
Hanamari and found a statue of the goddess Kannon or better known as the goddess of compassion on the
Sumida River. In honor of the goddess Kannon was finally head of the village when it was decided to build a
shrine to his early named Asakusa Kannon Temple we now know with Sensoji Temple.
Figure 6 : Gate of Asakusa Kannon Temple
Case : Tokyo Sky Tree
Tokyo-Skytree tallest Tower is located in Tokyo. The building was completed in the year 2011 is
becoming new tourist destinations and the symbol for the travelers. This tower has a function as a
television signal transmitter Tower. However, as the development time, the tower is also as a means of
entertainment and commercial center for the citizens of Japan and other travelers. With an elevation of
about 634 meters, making Tokyo the second-tallest Tower Skytree became after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai
(824 m).
Since its opening beginning in 2012, the tower was never deserted from visitors. Under the
Tower there is a shopping center that is provided as a shopping centre for tourists. The beauty of the city
from the top of the Tower adds value specialness from the tower. At night, the Tower will be seen to have a
wide range of colors that are increasingly complementing the beauty in the Centre of the capital of Tokyo at
night.
Figure 7 :
One of Point view from Tokyo Sky Tree
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
The import tariff in Japan are much lower than the average in Europe and America. List of
products with import restrictions bucharesters and overall regulation on imports will be more diperlonggar.
Need an understanding of the regulations and the distribution system in Japan.For foreign
businessmen are increasingly difficult to succeed in the market without Japan Japan business partner. You
are required to seerat-eratnya in cooperation with business partners that Japan should've been involved
from the very early stages in helping you develop a plan, including product design, in order to meet the
specific needs of society Japan.
Acculturation
Currently, Japan's companies more interested in buying goods industry and high-tech products,
and less interested in textiles, apparel, toys and other decorative products, because they have enough
suppliers from abroad.Just an example to note, for example, products like regular sweaters or knit (knitted
sewn) the price is very cheap in Japan market, except for the type of sweater knitted with intricate
embroidered or many beads.
Japan's market is more like the product of an extensive (items) in small quantities, not the
quantity of each item.There are some differences in terms of taste and preferences between Osaka and
Tokyo, such as on colors and sizes.Given the Japan market always moves (change), you must predict future
business opportunities before taking steps. You have to be quite perceptive in anticipation of the changes
that will come before the start of business in Japan.
World Brands
Appearance and packaging is important when selling goods in Japan. Because in Japan it is often
intended to buy gifts (gift), then the items look beautiful will be hard to sell. It is therefore important to
really pay attention to design elements as well as the label on the packaging. So the appearance and
packaging are two factors that can affect sales.Try defects in goods is minimal as possible and continue to
improve the system of control on the stage of production/factory. In this connection it is important to pay
attention to the little things, given Japan's consumers are very quality oriented.
In order to meet the standards of a high quality of Japan, the production of goods and the
shipping/delivery must be free of defects. In the event of a defective goods that are inevitable, then this
should be discussed as early as possible in order to achieve the best possible settlement.In addition to the
very particular against reserved quality, people Japan also brand conscious. Then it is important to actually
reached an agreement against the quality of the goods in detail before signing the contract of supply.All
products from outside of Japan must meet the standards of and obtain the JIS (Japan Industrial Standards).
Therefore it is important to keep abreast of the changes on the issue of standards in Japan.
Recommendation
One of the most important tips in starting a business in Japan is setting an attitude that basing on
the mindset of long-term Japan entrepreneurs. The ultimate goal is to build a framework that steady so that
it will support the occurrence of transactions sustainable business, so it's not just a business relationship
which is momentary or short-term. Are sincerity and commitment will be the cornerstone of an effective
grounding-needs to be owned by the principals of business abroad.
This could have been applied in Indonesia well in the business sector or the public sector with a
wide range of things to be prepared, as the existing regulation, the ability of the human resources and the
power of competing from each entity. This is when it's been done, then the application in Indonesia will be
very possible to do.
2. Company Visit Analysis Report
a. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant (Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
Ø Overview of the Clean Authority of Tokyo
The 23 Cities and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government had discussed for many
years their respective roles and institutional frameworks from viewpoints such as stronger
autonomy of the 23 Cities and the promotion of mega-city administration by the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government on an extensive scale.
One result of these discussion was that, on April 1, 2000, the duties of municipal
waste management were transferred to the 23 Cities. At the time, it was decided that each of the
23 Cities would independently manage its own waste collection and transfer, while management of
intermediate treatment (incineration, pulverization, etc.) was determined to be handled jointly.
This was due to the presence of some cities that had no incineration plant within their cities, and
for the purpose of optimizing treatment efficiency.
The Clean Authority of Tokyo is a special purpose municipalbody established by the
consensus of the 23 Cities, based on the Local Autonomy Act, in order to deal with this joint waste
management.
23 Cities and the Clean Authority of Tokyo have consigned the landfill disposal
operations to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which has established and manages landfill
disposal sites.
Overview of Clean Authority of Tokyo
(1)Name
Clean Authority of TOKYO
(2)Office work
cooperative
Special local government (Local Government Act Article 284) to establish because local
public entity more than two handles a part of the office work jointly
(3)We organize
association
Local public entity
All location in Tokyo’s Prefektur
(4)Office work of
association
(5)Organization of
association
1. Maintenance of incineration facilities (we include molten solidification facilities
integral with the facilities concerned and pipeline facilities for Waste Transfer.) of
Combustible waste and management administration
2. Maintenance of refuse disposal facilities except facilities advocating to front "1." and
management administration
3. Maintenance of facilities to put Night soil into the public sewer and management
administration
Central government office and establishment (Incineration plant, CHUBO Disposal
Facilities Administration Office)
(6)Position of central
3-5-1, Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
government office
(7)The
April 1, 2000
establishment date
(8)President
Taiichiro Nishikawa (Mayor Arakawa)
(9)Association
assembly
We are constituted by 23 ward assembly chairpersons of special ward
(10)The staff
1,131 present members (as of April 1, 2017)
(11)Budget
73,555,000 1,000 yen (2017)
(main breakdown of the annual revenue: ante from each ward and waste disposal
treatment processing fee)
As limitation of use range does not have corporation number unlike personal number,
(12)Corporation
number
anyone can use freely. Specifically, please see
Tax Agency) about corporation number.
(13)Others
About "1." office work of previous (4), what it processed jointly was confirmed for the
duration in head of a ward society of November, 2003 after 2006 (following 4.additional
clause 2 reference of no "agreement")
(we link to homepage of the National
Ø Each City Collect/Transfers Waste and Collect Resources
Waste management offices in each of the 23 cities collect and transfer waste.
1. Collection, each city sets collection days and areas depending on the type of waste, and
conducts efficients operations plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends
in waste amount. Waste processing in the 23 Cities is free of charge for household waste,
while large sized waste and business generated waste are charged.
2. Transfer, to ensure efficient transfer, transfer methods are determined based on :
ü Combustible Waste, is loaded onto collection vehicles on collection sites, from which
it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.
ü Incombustible Waste, is transferred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste
Processing Center or The Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center.
Since both are located on the waterfront, some Cities have established land or boat
transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto container vehicles or vessles for
relayed transfer. Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency,
reduced traffic congestion, and alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
ü
Large Sized Waste, is delivered to the Large Sized Waste Pulverization Facility. Cities
that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it from smaller
collection vehicles onto larger vehicles. Such as relayed transfer contributes to
improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion, and alleviation of air
pollution due to exhaust.
Ø Intermediate Treatment of Waste
1. Processing combustible waste;
The role and structure of incineration plants
Combustible waste is incinerated at 19 incineration plants (as of December 2016) in
a safe, stable, and efficient manner.
Incineration prevents bacteria, vermin and foul odor, and maintains a sanitary
environment. By incinerating waste, it is volume is reduced to approximately one-twentieth.
By recycling a part of bottom ash into cement materials, and by melting it into slag, the
amount going to the landfill is further reduced.
Emission of hazardous substances within exhaust and wastewater from the
incineration plants is controlled and reduced to lower impact on the environment.
In an incineration plant, power generation and heat supply are performed using the
heat energy of waste incineration.
2. Improper waste disposal may cause a halt or failure of incinerators;
Once improper waste is brought into an incinerator
Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain waste unsuitable
for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal capacity of
the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great
deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting
waste, waste collection and transfer operation will be interrupted, seriously accepting waste
management in al 23 cities.
Every year some incineration plants are forced to stop operation due to improper
waste. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation,
inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken.
Special weeks are also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close
observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming
waste is also conducted at all incineration plants, in collaboration with the 23 cities.
3. Bottom ash is recycled as cement materials;
What does it mean to use bottom ash for cement?
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated.
Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted into slag, as well as fly ash after processed with
chemicals, are sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been
established and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Because it is extremely
difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has been
undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the
amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project
in 2015, 5000 tons of bottom ash to reduce the volume that goes to the final disposal site.
In the initiative for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is
generated in incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight
vehicles/trains, and efficiently used as portland cement materials. Cement materials include
limestone. Clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a subtitute for clay.
4. Bottom ash is melted into slag;
When bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1.200⁰C (2.192⁰F) and
then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash, and
approximately one-fortieth of its original state as waste. The process of making slag
decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps heavy metals inside, there by making it safe and
efficient for use as construction materials, etc.
5.
Environemental measures to prevent exhaust and wastewater emissions;
Measures
Overview
Soot and dust
Removed by bag filters
Dioxins
Generations of dioxins is restricted through control of waste
incineration process, and their re-composition is prevented
by rapid cooling of exhaust in the cooling tower.
Dioxins are also removed by bag filters, and decomposed in
Measures
the catalyst reaction tower using catalyst.
to counter
Mercury
Removed by adsorption into activated carbon in bag filters,
exhaust
and by liquid chelate in the gas scrubber.
emissions
Hydrogen
Removed by injecting slaked lime into bag filters, and
chlorides and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda solution in the
sulfur oxides
gas scrubber.
Nitrogen oxides Decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower through a
reaction with ammonia.
Measures
to
counter Wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment facilities
wastewater emissions
to meet the standard value, and released into the sewer.
Measures
Waste bunker
Air from inside the waste bunker is sent to the incierator,
to counter
where odor is incinerated and decomposed.
odor
While the incinerator is off the line, deodorizing devices are
used and deodorizing agent are spread.
Platforms
Entrances/exits are sealed with air curtains, and deodorizing
agents are spread.
Waste
A washing facility for collection vehicles is installed.
collection
vehicles
Measures to counter noise Care is taken for the layout of machinery. Soundproof walls
and vibration
and vibration-control equipment are installed.
Environmental measures for Ash is melted, and hazardous substances are stabilized using
bottom ash and fly ash
chemicals.
6. Putting the heat energy generated from incineration to beneficial use;
Incineration plants use the heat energy generated from waste incineration
beneficially in power generation and in supllying energy.
Electricity and hot water produced at plants are use within facilities to operate the
plant, there by reducing electricity purchases and fuel costs.
Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and
four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities.
FY 2015 Beneficial Use of Heat
Total generated power
1.172,60 M kWh
Electricty sold
660,86 M kWh
Income from electricity sold
US$ 117,6576 M
Supplied heat (charged)
501.000 GJ (Giga Jules)
Income from heat sold
US$ 1,9202 M
7. Processing incombustible waste and large sized waste.
Incombustible waste is pulverized before send to landfill disposal.
Incombustible waste is processed at two incombustible waste processing centers.
The process is divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is pulverized to
reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustibles also
contain recyclable resources, such as ferrous metals and aluminum, which are separated and
collected.
- Ferrous metals
- Aluminium
Incombustible
(no. 1 & 2
Separation
Pulverization
waste
recovered as
resourced)
- Incombustibles
Figure 8. OVERVIEW OF PROCESSING INCOMBUSTIBLE WASTE
- Other waste
(no. 3 & 4
Landfill)
Large-sized waste treatment process differs by property of waste
Large-sized waste is separated into combustible large sized-waste, such as wooden
furniture, and into incombustible large-sized waste, such as bycycles. The separation work is
performed manually at large-sized waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard
of the Large-sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility.
Combustible residue after pulverization is incinerated at the incineration plant,
while incombustible residue is sent to landfill disposal sites.
- Ferrous metals
(recovered as
resourced)
Large-sized
Separation
Pulverization
waste
Pulverized
waste
Incombustibles
Figure 8. OVERVIEW OF PROCESSING LARGE-SIZED WASTE
to Landfill,
combustibles to
Incineration
plants in 23
Cities to make
private cement
factories, ash
melting facility,
and landfill.
Ø Figure
b.
Recommendation
ü This is already done in Indonesia, especially as I know that is the city of Malang with a Hapless
Garbage Bank, where the process of waste disposal not through combustion, but through the
collection by citizens with awareness in the dump that is then deposited to a Bank, the Junkgarbage can be exchanged with a pulse telephone, payment of accounts electricity or other
services facilities.
ü
ü The Government of Indonesia can implement this with adequate infrastructure and
preparedness required sufficient budget to build a waste treatment process which provides
benefits for the country and society itself.
ü
Local governments through the regional autonomy program encouraged by the Central
Government created a variety of innovations in the processing of waste, thus giving room for
the district/City Government to create a garbage processing creative that have a positive
impact for the community itself.
Asset Valuation :
Asset valuation can be interpreted as giving a value to an asset with a measurement based on
some assessment approach with the purpose of knowing the price of the asset. Assessment is a process of
assessment of the market value , the value of investments, the value of the guarantee or the exact
measurement of the value of the interest or interest identified on a particular package or package of real estate
from the specified date (Siti, 2003). Hariono (2007:79) argues that the valuation of assets is determined by how
the assets are used and how such assets or traded in the market.
Assessment of activities aimed to do the estimate and predict the value of something with the
purpose of getting an estimate of its value. The concept of value in that sense are grouped into market value
(market value), the value of insurance (insurable value), the value of related operations (going-concern value),
the value of the liquidation (liquidation value), the value of taxable (assessment value), the value of the
building, and the value of the investment.
In General, there are three ways the approach used in the assessment process a property,
namely: 1) sales/market price comparison approach, 2) cost approach, 3) income approach. The first approach
is done by comparing the objects that will be evaluated with the selling value of the object is known. In terms
of similar objects of unknown value selling then the selling price of other similar objects can often be
considered as the best evidence of the value of the market. All forms of transaction in the perception of market
value is in the form of cash. This approach has a disadvantage because of the difficulty of obtaining transaction
data in the market and are often not valued object is identical to the selling price of the property is known.
The second approach is done by means of estimating the costs incurred to make or holds a
property that is assessed. This approach was applied to assess the building and made the basis of an
assessment of the building, while to assess the land or land and buildings to note some other components,
namely: the value soil, determined using the market price comparison approach; investment costs especially
for the construction of buildings, is determined by taking account of all fees that have been issued in order to
improve or maintain the value of the building; depreciation, which differentiated the top physical depreciation,
depreciation functions, and the shrinking economy. There are two methods of assessment in this approach,
namely the method of calculation of the cost of the replacement cost and the method of depreciating
(Hariono, 2007:52). Cost calculation method used to determine the appropriate indication of the market value
of the property is not special (non specialised properties). While the method cost depreciates is based
assessment to estimate the current market value of land for the use of the existing coupled with the cost of a
replacement (or the cost of reproduction) of the current gross of reduced physical damage and all forms of
wear and tear and the relevant optimization. The result of the replacement cost method that is based on the
estimation of the potential profit.
The third approach is done by projecting the whole income of the property is reduced by the cost
of the operation. The results of these calculations were capitalized with an interest rate of return on capital and
profit (return on investment). This approach is applied specifically to assess properties that generate profits
directly, such as hotels, offices, apartments, shopping centers, and entertainment venues.
Sumardjono (2002) mentions in the official that Siti property value (land) as the basis for
damages resulting from the takeover of land for acquisition/development activities or other purposes should
be based on the replacement value (replacement value). A value surrogate is meant is that the community
should be able to acquire the land and building the replacement quantity and quality is on par with the land
and the buildings that used to be owned by the community concerned or are able to generate revenue
equivalent to revenue before the land was taken over.
REFERENCES :
Hidayati, Wahyu dan Budi Harjanto. 2014. Konsep Dasar Penilaian Properti : Edisi Kedua. BPFEYogyakarta.
Siregar, Doli. 2004. Manajemen Aset : Strategi Penataan Konsep Pembangunan Berkelanjutan secara
Nasional dalam Konteks Kepala Daerah sebagai CEO’s pada Era Globalisasi dan Otonomi Daerah. PT Gramedia
Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Waste Report 2017, Towards a recycling-oriented society
banksampahmalang.blogspot.com/
http://sahidsutomo.blogspot.co.id/2013/10/penilaian-aset.html
http://www.premiumoutlets.co.jp/en/shisui
http://www.indonesia-osaka.org/informasi-umum/ekonomi/kiat-memasuki-pasar-jepang/
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan
Held by
Graduate School of
International Cooperation Studies
Arranged by :
RENDRA KURNIA WARDANA
NPM. 120820160030
Magister Manajemen
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
Universitas Padjadjaran
Tokyo, Japan 15 – 19 May 2017
Overview
Japan is one of the most largest countries in the world with excellence in the various sectors. Starting
from its economic growth up to the advancement of the technology that is used by people all over the world.
According to the World Economic Database in 2006, Japan has become the country with the fastest economic
growth along with South Korea and Germany, with a nominal GDP of about as 4.5 trillion dollar US.. Nation
Master, Economics Statistics, 2007 write about Japan's main industry is the various sector of economic, social,
technology industry and environment. Based on the World Factbook Japan economy (2006), amounting to
three quarters of GDP’s Japan comes from the service sector.
Figure 1 : Japan’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Have a very entrenched culture of ancient times also makes the attraction for the country Japan.
Japan Society is so loving and upholds its own, various cultural festivals are often held in the country to attract
foreign tourists who come to Japan. Festivals such as Kabuki theater festival, Bunraku festival, Rakugo festival.
There is also a celebration of Hanami, where this is a celebration of Japan's society enjoy the appearance of
flowers in spring, particularly cherry blossoms. The cherry blossoms which symbolized the growing presence of
the joys of Japanese society in the spring. There is also the art of folding from Japan that are already well
known in the world, namely Origami. Origami is the art of folding paper with the use of which generally have a
square shape. Handcrafted art that has a beauty that is very high.
With many achievements that are owned by Japan, then the Civitas Academica of Magister
Management, Padjadjaran University interested to visiting Japan and learn a variety of things positive from
those countries to be able to be used as a role-model who eventually could be applied in the Government of
Indonesia throughTHE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR & VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO (Shin-Koto
Incineration Plant) TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT, 15-19 Mei 2017.
Marketing Analysis Report
Case : Asakusa Kannon Temple
The main gate of the complex is called Kaminarimon Sensoji temple gate while right in front of
the entrance to the complex sounds of Sensoji Temple. Once in the gate Kaminarimon we will be in suguhi
with rows of souvenir shops selling a wide by traditional Asakusa and various kinds of desserts typical of
Japan, the area known by Asakusa's Nakamise Dori. Here we get to shopping for a wide variety of key chains
or paintings typical of Japan, there is also the shirt that reads Japan Kanji which is certainly the price of all
that is more affordable. With a wide range of local uniqueness is presented makes the stores in the area of
Asakusa has a characteristic fruity with stores that exist in other areas, in addition to that it also stores is
also owned by most of the locals are acting that this shopping complex is conducive for economic growth of
local communities in the area.
Figure 2 : Local Shop in Asakusa Kannon Temple
Case : Tsukiji Fish Outer Market
Tsukiji Fish Market is a fish market, the largest fruit and vegetables became one of the tourists
visit if was on holiday, located in the Prefecture of Tokyo, Japan. This place is famous for the presence of
tunanya fish auction tradition that is so attractive to tourists. If want to see this auction, then tourists will
have to depart early in the morning to this market because it was held in the morning. Tsukiji fish market
became the largest suppliers in meeting the needs of fresh fish for the people of Japan. Has a modern
market that is so clean and hygienic makes tourists fond of shopping for fresh fish in this place. Far from the
impression a lot of dirty or seedy, we see in the markets in our own country. With the ever-increasing
tourist visits each year, the Government proposed the transfer of the Tsukiji market in Tokyo to a location
that is larger and has a larger shelter, namely Toyosu Fish Market.
Tsukiji Market is supplied in place for tourists who want to buy fresh fish with the creation of an
integrated market that is very clean and far from the impression of a fishy smell or dirty. Some pieces of
fresh fish prepared for sale to tourists, it also contains some ready-made fish to be eaten directly in place.
This may actually be emulated by Indonesia to make fish markets that exist in this country can be managed
well without having to leave the impression of a fish market itself.
Figure 3 : Fresh Fish Sales Center
Case : Harajuku Street
The location is outside the Harajuku Station, just outside the door of Takeshita. Harajuku is very
popular in Japan with gathering a wide range of young people from various parts of Japan, from a variety of
styles of young Japan latest to model the latest fashion here. Gathering them here only to just meet old
friends, chatting or shopping in the area of Takeshita Street. This road is so popular for the young because
it's along this road is a shopping area that is a favorite of young people in Japan. This place become
interesting with various trinkets or souvenirs that became Japan teen trend that is so popular for its teen
Japan.
Harajuku has the uniqueness of this place which became a Center for
gatherings of young kids Japan with a strange look, which becomes a more value
for Japan in developing art and creativity among young people. And be a
tremendous attraction for foreign tourists to visit Japan.
Figure 4 : Harajuku Street
Case : Shisui Premium Outlet
A relatively new addition to Kanto’s outlet malls, Shisui Premium Outlets opened in 2013 and,
considering its proximity to Narita Airport, it’s a good place for a shopaholic to pass the time during a long
layover. The mall has 180 shops and features both Japanese and international brands. It also has some deals for
foreign visitors: there’s the Narita Transit Program, which entitles those spending a layover in Narita to a
souvenir and discount coupon, and additional coupons for tourists. This outlet had very close to Narita Airport
are expected to be a transit point for shopping before leaving Japan.
Shisui was the site of the existing integrated shopping in Japan. A very
cozy place and many different brands of the world is available here.
With a location close to Narita Airport, providing a venue for tourists
visiting for a moment in this place as one of the places of transit for
shopping. In addition, the untum developed the economic growth
that is equitable for the people on the side of the suburbs of Tokyo.
Figure 5 : One of point view at Shisui Premium Outlets
Figure 4 : Harajuku Street
PESTLE ANALYSIS
ü Political
The country of Japan is a constitutional monarchy State. Japan heads of State led by an
emperor who are hereditary as well as having powers limited by the Constitution. While the head
of the Government led by a Prime Minister who is in charge of Japan's Parliament. Japan's
Parliament consists of two chambers, namely the upper House and the lower House. The country
consists of 47 prefectures of Japan which has a power which is delegated by the Central
Government to each, each prefecture.
Trias politika country Japan is divided into three branches, namely:
a. Executive consists of the Prime Minister and the ranks of Ministers (the Cabinet) which
is responsible towards the Parliament.
b. Legislative, in Japan, the diet is formally referred to as consisting of a lower
House/Shugiin consists of 480 members and Councillors/Sangiin consists of 242
members.
c. Judiciary, has 5 (five) types, namely: Justice of the Supreme Court, High Court, district
courts, family courts and tribunals.
ü Economic
The country's economic system Japan embraced free-market economic system and
leaning to the industrisasi. Similar systems were adopted by other developed countries like the
United States, Germany, and other big countries. Starting from its economic growth up to the
advancement of the technology that is used by people all over the world. According to the World
Economic Database in 2006, Japan has become the country with the fastest economic growth
along with South Korea and Germany, with a nominal GDP of about as 4.5 trillion dollar US.. Nation
Master, Economics Statistics, 2007 write about Japan's main industry is the various sector of
economic, social, technology industry and environment. It is predicted in the coming year, Japan
along with other Asian developed nations will break the dominance of Western countries over the
world economy.
ü Social
The country of Japan has a population of about 127 million people. The country's
demographic structure has the uniqueness of Japan where the population aged older ore than
younger. As the impact of dNegara Japan has a population of about 127 million people. The
country's demographic structure has the uniqueness of Japan where the population aged older ore
than younger. As the impact of the decline in the birth rate and the tendency of the young
generation that was not to marry or have families at maturity.
A declining population of Japan feared the country would make Japan semkin lost
population. The Government is trying to come back raising the population by immigration as well
as the presence of the addition of incentives in the form of money towards the birth of a baby as a
solution in the face of a growing population of Japan is experiencing aging.
ü Technology
The discovery of a wide range of technologies that have been created by the country of
Japan does not make this country keep stopping to do innovation. They continued to create new
works and performing a variety of creativity to support as well as support the ease of his life.
In 2014, the country of Japan got the grace of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as the
most efficient countries in developing creativity into innovation. The gift of technology efficiency
obtained by Japan after the country capable of excelling on the 36 indicators than other Asian
countries. These indicators include patents, the number of the world's best universities, books,
film, research budgets as well as technology development conducted by Japan.
ü Legal
The development of modern law in Japan is based on the legal systems in continental
Europe. Especially those from the countries of France and Germany related judicial system and law
became the most important regulations in the country of Japan. Now Japan is becoming more
dynamic countries in the implementation of its legal system in which Japan society itself more to
put forward the culture of shame where the various events of the law itself can be minimised.
ü Environmental
Being a country that so much of the island as well as the conditions that is prone to
earthquakes and tsunami, making the population of Japan is increasingly aware of the
environmental conditions. Today, the Government of Japan promote environmentally conscious
programs with different effort effort towards environmental protection. Japan also tried to help
other countries in tackling the environmental issues for example, the application of the
cooperation cycle technology, technology to reduce emissions of the gases Conservatory, and
various other technologies.
RECOMMENDATION
One of the most important tips in starting a business in Japan is setting an attitude that basing on
the mindset of long-term Japan entrepreneurs. The ultimate goal is to build a framework that steady so that
it will support the occurrence of transactions sustainable business, so it's not just a business relationship
which is momentary or short-term. Are sincerity and commitment will be the cornerstone of an effective
grounding-needs to be owned by the principals of business abroad.
1. Indonesia can imitate various innovations made by Japan in developing economic growth for the
people, one of them by making integrated spending tourist area where tourists can shop may fill with
a variety of different brands that are famous are already available at the venue.
2. The local government as the spearhead that existed in the area can develop the suburban areas as the
center of people's economy that is considered necessary to enhance the economic growth of the
society, especially those located in the outskirts of the city.
1. Cross Cultural Analysis Report
Case : Asakusa Kannon Temple
Asakusa is a region in Taito, Tokyo, Japan which is famous with its Sensoji Temple. This temple is
one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Japan its special in Tokyo which was built in the 6th century around,
there is also mention of his right in 645. Beginning his two brothers named Hinokuma Takenari Hinokuma
Hanamari and found a statue of the goddess Kannon or better known as the goddess of compassion on the
Sumida River. In honor of the goddess Kannon was finally head of the village when it was decided to build a
shrine to his early named Asakusa Kannon Temple we now know with Sensoji Temple.
Figure 6 : Gate of Asakusa Kannon Temple
Case : Tokyo Sky Tree
Tokyo-Skytree tallest Tower is located in Tokyo. The building was completed in the year 2011 is
becoming new tourist destinations and the symbol for the travelers. This tower has a function as a
television signal transmitter Tower. However, as the development time, the tower is also as a means of
entertainment and commercial center for the citizens of Japan and other travelers. With an elevation of
about 634 meters, making Tokyo the second-tallest Tower Skytree became after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai
(824 m).
Since its opening beginning in 2012, the tower was never deserted from visitors. Under the
Tower there is a shopping center that is provided as a shopping centre for tourists. The beauty of the city
from the top of the Tower adds value specialness from the tower. At night, the Tower will be seen to have a
wide range of colors that are increasingly complementing the beauty in the Centre of the capital of Tokyo at
night.
Figure 7 :
One of Point view from Tokyo Sky Tree
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
The import tariff in Japan are much lower than the average in Europe and America. List of
products with import restrictions bucharesters and overall regulation on imports will be more diperlonggar.
Need an understanding of the regulations and the distribution system in Japan.For foreign
businessmen are increasingly difficult to succeed in the market without Japan Japan business partner. You
are required to seerat-eratnya in cooperation with business partners that Japan should've been involved
from the very early stages in helping you develop a plan, including product design, in order to meet the
specific needs of society Japan.
Acculturation
Currently, Japan's companies more interested in buying goods industry and high-tech products,
and less interested in textiles, apparel, toys and other decorative products, because they have enough
suppliers from abroad.Just an example to note, for example, products like regular sweaters or knit (knitted
sewn) the price is very cheap in Japan market, except for the type of sweater knitted with intricate
embroidered or many beads.
Japan's market is more like the product of an extensive (items) in small quantities, not the
quantity of each item.There are some differences in terms of taste and preferences between Osaka and
Tokyo, such as on colors and sizes.Given the Japan market always moves (change), you must predict future
business opportunities before taking steps. You have to be quite perceptive in anticipation of the changes
that will come before the start of business in Japan.
World Brands
Appearance and packaging is important when selling goods in Japan. Because in Japan it is often
intended to buy gifts (gift), then the items look beautiful will be hard to sell. It is therefore important to
really pay attention to design elements as well as the label on the packaging. So the appearance and
packaging are two factors that can affect sales.Try defects in goods is minimal as possible and continue to
improve the system of control on the stage of production/factory. In this connection it is important to pay
attention to the little things, given Japan's consumers are very quality oriented.
In order to meet the standards of a high quality of Japan, the production of goods and the
shipping/delivery must be free of defects. In the event of a defective goods that are inevitable, then this
should be discussed as early as possible in order to achieve the best possible settlement.In addition to the
very particular against reserved quality, people Japan also brand conscious. Then it is important to actually
reached an agreement against the quality of the goods in detail before signing the contract of supply.All
products from outside of Japan must meet the standards of and obtain the JIS (Japan Industrial Standards).
Therefore it is important to keep abreast of the changes on the issue of standards in Japan.
Recommendation
One of the most important tips in starting a business in Japan is setting an attitude that basing on
the mindset of long-term Japan entrepreneurs. The ultimate goal is to build a framework that steady so that
it will support the occurrence of transactions sustainable business, so it's not just a business relationship
which is momentary or short-term. Are sincerity and commitment will be the cornerstone of an effective
grounding-needs to be owned by the principals of business abroad.
This could have been applied in Indonesia well in the business sector or the public sector with a
wide range of things to be prepared, as the existing regulation, the ability of the human resources and the
power of competing from each entity. This is when it's been done, then the application in Indonesia will be
very possible to do.
2. Company Visit Analysis Report
a. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant (Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
Ø Overview of the Clean Authority of Tokyo
The 23 Cities and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government had discussed for many
years their respective roles and institutional frameworks from viewpoints such as stronger
autonomy of the 23 Cities and the promotion of mega-city administration by the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government on an extensive scale.
One result of these discussion was that, on April 1, 2000, the duties of municipal
waste management were transferred to the 23 Cities. At the time, it was decided that each of the
23 Cities would independently manage its own waste collection and transfer, while management of
intermediate treatment (incineration, pulverization, etc.) was determined to be handled jointly.
This was due to the presence of some cities that had no incineration plant within their cities, and
for the purpose of optimizing treatment efficiency.
The Clean Authority of Tokyo is a special purpose municipalbody established by the
consensus of the 23 Cities, based on the Local Autonomy Act, in order to deal with this joint waste
management.
23 Cities and the Clean Authority of Tokyo have consigned the landfill disposal
operations to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which has established and manages landfill
disposal sites.
Overview of Clean Authority of Tokyo
(1)Name
Clean Authority of TOKYO
(2)Office work
cooperative
Special local government (Local Government Act Article 284) to establish because local
public entity more than two handles a part of the office work jointly
(3)We organize
association
Local public entity
All location in Tokyo’s Prefektur
(4)Office work of
association
(5)Organization of
association
1. Maintenance of incineration facilities (we include molten solidification facilities
integral with the facilities concerned and pipeline facilities for Waste Transfer.) of
Combustible waste and management administration
2. Maintenance of refuse disposal facilities except facilities advocating to front "1." and
management administration
3. Maintenance of facilities to put Night soil into the public sewer and management
administration
Central government office and establishment (Incineration plant, CHUBO Disposal
Facilities Administration Office)
(6)Position of central
3-5-1, Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
government office
(7)The
April 1, 2000
establishment date
(8)President
Taiichiro Nishikawa (Mayor Arakawa)
(9)Association
assembly
We are constituted by 23 ward assembly chairpersons of special ward
(10)The staff
1,131 present members (as of April 1, 2017)
(11)Budget
73,555,000 1,000 yen (2017)
(main breakdown of the annual revenue: ante from each ward and waste disposal
treatment processing fee)
As limitation of use range does not have corporation number unlike personal number,
(12)Corporation
number
anyone can use freely. Specifically, please see
Tax Agency) about corporation number.
(13)Others
About "1." office work of previous (4), what it processed jointly was confirmed for the
duration in head of a ward society of November, 2003 after 2006 (following 4.additional
clause 2 reference of no "agreement")
(we link to homepage of the National
Ø Each City Collect/Transfers Waste and Collect Resources
Waste management offices in each of the 23 cities collect and transfer waste.
1. Collection, each city sets collection days and areas depending on the type of waste, and
conducts efficients operations plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends
in waste amount. Waste processing in the 23 Cities is free of charge for household waste,
while large sized waste and business generated waste are charged.
2. Transfer, to ensure efficient transfer, transfer methods are determined based on :
ü Combustible Waste, is loaded onto collection vehicles on collection sites, from which
it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.
ü Incombustible Waste, is transferred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste
Processing Center or The Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center.
Since both are located on the waterfront, some Cities have established land or boat
transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto container vehicles or vessles for
relayed transfer. Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency,
reduced traffic congestion, and alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
ü
Large Sized Waste, is delivered to the Large Sized Waste Pulverization Facility. Cities
that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it from smaller
collection vehicles onto larger vehicles. Such as relayed transfer contributes to
improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion, and alleviation of air
pollution due to exhaust.
Ø Intermediate Treatment of Waste
1. Processing combustible waste;
The role and structure of incineration plants
Combustible waste is incinerated at 19 incineration plants (as of December 2016) in
a safe, stable, and efficient manner.
Incineration prevents bacteria, vermin and foul odor, and maintains a sanitary
environment. By incinerating waste, it is volume is reduced to approximately one-twentieth.
By recycling a part of bottom ash into cement materials, and by melting it into slag, the
amount going to the landfill is further reduced.
Emission of hazardous substances within exhaust and wastewater from the
incineration plants is controlled and reduced to lower impact on the environment.
In an incineration plant, power generation and heat supply are performed using the
heat energy of waste incineration.
2. Improper waste disposal may cause a halt or failure of incinerators;
Once improper waste is brought into an incinerator
Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain waste unsuitable
for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal capacity of
the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great
deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting
waste, waste collection and transfer operation will be interrupted, seriously accepting waste
management in al 23 cities.
Every year some incineration plants are forced to stop operation due to improper
waste. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation,
inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken.
Special weeks are also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close
observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming
waste is also conducted at all incineration plants, in collaboration with the 23 cities.
3. Bottom ash is recycled as cement materials;
What does it mean to use bottom ash for cement?
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated.
Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted into slag, as well as fly ash after processed with
chemicals, are sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been
established and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Because it is extremely
difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has been
undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the
amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project
in 2015, 5000 tons of bottom ash to reduce the volume that goes to the final disposal site.
In the initiative for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is
generated in incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight
vehicles/trains, and efficiently used as portland cement materials. Cement materials include
limestone. Clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a subtitute for clay.
4. Bottom ash is melted into slag;
When bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1.200⁰C (2.192⁰F) and
then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash, and
approximately one-fortieth of its original state as waste. The process of making slag
decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps heavy metals inside, there by making it safe and
efficient for use as construction materials, etc.
5.
Environemental measures to prevent exhaust and wastewater emissions;
Measures
Overview
Soot and dust
Removed by bag filters
Dioxins
Generations of dioxins is restricted through control of waste
incineration process, and their re-composition is prevented
by rapid cooling of exhaust in the cooling tower.
Dioxins are also removed by bag filters, and decomposed in
Measures
the catalyst reaction tower using catalyst.
to counter
Mercury
Removed by adsorption into activated carbon in bag filters,
exhaust
and by liquid chelate in the gas scrubber.
emissions
Hydrogen
Removed by injecting slaked lime into bag filters, and
chlorides and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda solution in the
sulfur oxides
gas scrubber.
Nitrogen oxides Decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower through a
reaction with ammonia.
Measures
to
counter Wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment facilities
wastewater emissions
to meet the standard value, and released into the sewer.
Measures
Waste bunker
Air from inside the waste bunker is sent to the incierator,
to counter
where odor is incinerated and decomposed.
odor
While the incinerator is off the line, deodorizing devices are
used and deodorizing agent are spread.
Platforms
Entrances/exits are sealed with air curtains, and deodorizing
agents are spread.
Waste
A washing facility for collection vehicles is installed.
collection
vehicles
Measures to counter noise Care is taken for the layout of machinery. Soundproof walls
and vibration
and vibration-control equipment are installed.
Environmental measures for Ash is melted, and hazardous substances are stabilized using
bottom ash and fly ash
chemicals.
6. Putting the heat energy generated from incineration to beneficial use;
Incineration plants use the heat energy generated from waste incineration
beneficially in power generation and in supllying energy.
Electricity and hot water produced at plants are use within facilities to operate the
plant, there by reducing electricity purchases and fuel costs.
Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and
four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities.
FY 2015 Beneficial Use of Heat
Total generated power
1.172,60 M kWh
Electricty sold
660,86 M kWh
Income from electricity sold
US$ 117,6576 M
Supplied heat (charged)
501.000 GJ (Giga Jules)
Income from heat sold
US$ 1,9202 M
7. Processing incombustible waste and large sized waste.
Incombustible waste is pulverized before send to landfill disposal.
Incombustible waste is processed at two incombustible waste processing centers.
The process is divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is pulverized to
reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustibles also
contain recyclable resources, such as ferrous metals and aluminum, which are separated and
collected.
- Ferrous metals
- Aluminium
Incombustible
(no. 1 & 2
Separation
Pulverization
waste
recovered as
resourced)
- Incombustibles
Figure 8. OVERVIEW OF PROCESSING INCOMBUSTIBLE WASTE
- Other waste
(no. 3 & 4
Landfill)
Large-sized waste treatment process differs by property of waste
Large-sized waste is separated into combustible large sized-waste, such as wooden
furniture, and into incombustible large-sized waste, such as bycycles. The separation work is
performed manually at large-sized waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard
of the Large-sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility.
Combustible residue after pulverization is incinerated at the incineration plant,
while incombustible residue is sent to landfill disposal sites.
- Ferrous metals
(recovered as
resourced)
Large-sized
Separation
Pulverization
waste
Pulverized
waste
Incombustibles
Figure 8. OVERVIEW OF PROCESSING LARGE-SIZED WASTE
to Landfill,
combustibles to
Incineration
plants in 23
Cities to make
private cement
factories, ash
melting facility,
and landfill.
Ø Figure
b.
Recommendation
ü This is already done in Indonesia, especially as I know that is the city of Malang with a Hapless
Garbage Bank, where the process of waste disposal not through combustion, but through the
collection by citizens with awareness in the dump that is then deposited to a Bank, the Junkgarbage can be exchanged with a pulse telephone, payment of accounts electricity or other
services facilities.
ü
ü The Government of Indonesia can implement this with adequate infrastructure and
preparedness required sufficient budget to build a waste treatment process which provides
benefits for the country and society itself.
ü
Local governments through the regional autonomy program encouraged by the Central
Government created a variety of innovations in the processing of waste, thus giving room for
the district/City Government to create a garbage processing creative that have a positive
impact for the community itself.
Asset Valuation :
Asset valuation can be interpreted as giving a value to an asset with a measurement based on
some assessment approach with the purpose of knowing the price of the asset. Assessment is a process of
assessment of the market value , the value of investments, the value of the guarantee or the exact
measurement of the value of the interest or interest identified on a particular package or package of real estate
from the specified date (Siti, 2003). Hariono (2007:79) argues that the valuation of assets is determined by how
the assets are used and how such assets or traded in the market.
Assessment of activities aimed to do the estimate and predict the value of something with the
purpose of getting an estimate of its value. The concept of value in that sense are grouped into market value
(market value), the value of insurance (insurable value), the value of related operations (going-concern value),
the value of the liquidation (liquidation value), the value of taxable (assessment value), the value of the
building, and the value of the investment.
In General, there are three ways the approach used in the assessment process a property,
namely: 1) sales/market price comparison approach, 2) cost approach, 3) income approach. The first approach
is done by comparing the objects that will be evaluated with the selling value of the object is known. In terms
of similar objects of unknown value selling then the selling price of other similar objects can often be
considered as the best evidence of the value of the market. All forms of transaction in the perception of market
value is in the form of cash. This approach has a disadvantage because of the difficulty of obtaining transaction
data in the market and are often not valued object is identical to the selling price of the property is known.
The second approach is done by means of estimating the costs incurred to make or holds a
property that is assessed. This approach was applied to assess the building and made the basis of an
assessment of the building, while to assess the land or land and buildings to note some other components,
namely: the value soil, determined using the market price comparison approach; investment costs especially
for the construction of buildings, is determined by taking account of all fees that have been issued in order to
improve or maintain the value of the building; depreciation, which differentiated the top physical depreciation,
depreciation functions, and the shrinking economy. There are two methods of assessment in this approach,
namely the method of calculation of the cost of the replacement cost and the method of depreciating
(Hariono, 2007:52). Cost calculation method used to determine the appropriate indication of the market value
of the property is not special (non specialised properties). While the method cost depreciates is based
assessment to estimate the current market value of land for the use of the existing coupled with the cost of a
replacement (or the cost of reproduction) of the current gross of reduced physical damage and all forms of
wear and tear and the relevant optimization. The result of the replacement cost method that is based on the
estimation of the potential profit.
The third approach is done by projecting the whole income of the property is reduced by the cost
of the operation. The results of these calculations were capitalized with an interest rate of return on capital and
profit (return on investment). This approach is applied specifically to assess properties that generate profits
directly, such as hotels, offices, apartments, shopping centers, and entertainment venues.
Sumardjono (2002) mentions in the official that Siti property value (land) as the basis for
damages resulting from the takeover of land for acquisition/development activities or other purposes should
be based on the replacement value (replacement value). A value surrogate is meant is that the community
should be able to acquire the land and building the replacement quantity and quality is on par with the land
and the buildings that used to be owned by the community concerned or are able to generate revenue
equivalent to revenue before the land was taken over.
REFERENCES :
Hidayati, Wahyu dan Budi Harjanto. 2014. Konsep Dasar Penilaian Properti : Edisi Kedua. BPFEYogyakarta.
Siregar, Doli. 2004. Manajemen Aset : Strategi Penataan Konsep Pembangunan Berkelanjutan secara
Nasional dalam Konteks Kepala Daerah sebagai CEO’s pada Era Globalisasi dan Otonomi Daerah. PT Gramedia
Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Waste Report 2017, Towards a recycling-oriented society
banksampahmalang.blogspot.com/
http://sahidsutomo.blogspot.co.id/2013/10/penilaian-aset.html
http://www.premiumoutlets.co.jp/en/shisui
http://www.indonesia-osaka.org/informasi-umum/ekonomi/kiat-memasuki-pasar-jepang/