Pembuatan Furfural Dari Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha) dengan Menggunakan Asam Organik Dari Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbi)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Agirrezabal, I - Telleria, Gandarias, I., Arias, P.L. “Production of furfural from
pentosan-rich biomass: Analysis of process parameters during
simultaneous furfural stripping”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 143, 2013;
258-264
Agirrezabal, I - Telleria, Requies, J., Güemez, M.B., Arias, P.L. “Furfural
production from xylose + glucose feedings and simultaneous N 2 stripping”. Green Chem. Vol 14, 2012; 3132-3140
Agirrezabal, I - Telleria, Gandarias, I., Arias, P.L. “Production of furfural from
pentosan-rich biomass: Analysis of process parameters during
simultaneous furfural stripping”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 143, 2013;
258-264
Ambalkar, V.U dan Talib, Mohd I. “Synthesis of furfural from lignocellulosic
biomass as Agricultural”. The International Journal of Engineering and
Science (IJES). Vol 1, 2012; 30-36
Andaka, Ganjar, “Hidrolisis ampas tebu menjadi Furfural dengan katalisator asam
sulfat”. Jurnal Teknologi FTI IST Akprindo. Vol 4, 2011; 180-188
Arroxelas, Vera Lúcia; De Lima, Galvão; Mélo, Enayde De Almeida; Santos Lima,
Lueci Dos. “Physicochemical Characteristics of Bilimbi (averrhoa bilimbi
l.)”.Comunicação
Científica.
Print version ISSN
0100-2945Online version ISSN
1806-9967.Rev.
Bras.
Frutic. vol.23 no.2 Jaboticabal Aug. 2001
Baktash, Mir Mojtaba., Ahsan, laboni., Ni, Yonghao. “Production of furfural from
an industrial pre-hydrolysis liquor”. Separation and Purification
Technology. Vol 149, 2015; 407-412
Boblester O. “hydrothermal Degradation and Fraccionation of saccharides and
polysaccharides”. Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional
Versatility, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. 2005
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Chemspider. Search and Share Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry.The Queen
Awards For Enterprise International Trade 2013.
Chen, L. Y., Lin. Y. C, Wu. T. L., Chung. J. M., Chen. Y. T., Yang. H. T., Chen. C.
H and Wu. H. J. (2012). “Evaluation and application of the invansive weed
Mikania micrantha as an alternative reinforcement in recycled hidh density
polyethilene”. National Chung hsin University. Bioresources: 7 (2), 24032417.
Chen, T. H., Chen, Z. C., Wang, T. H., Wang, C. L., and Chao, y. C. (2003).
“Biological control of Mikania micrantha (mile-a-minute). “In: Chang, S.
S., Hsu, L. M., kuo, H. J., Hwang, P., Lin, H. S., and Yu, H. Y., eds., The
Harmful Effects and Field Management of Mikania micrantha. WSSROC,
Hualien, taiwan, pp. 79-96.
Cock, M. J. W., Ellison, C. A., Evans, H. C., and Ooi, P. A. C. (2000). “ Can failure
be turned into succes for biological control of mile-a-minute weed
(Mikania Micrantha). “In Proceedings 2000 International Symposium on
biological Control of Weeds, montana State University, bozeman, USA, pp.
155-167.
Colonel E, Roberto. 1983. Promising Fruit of The Philiphines. College of Africulture
University of The Philiphines at Los Banos. 1983
Dhepe P.L, dan Sahu. R. “A solid-acid-based process for the conversion of
hemicelluloses, Green Chem”. 12 (2010) 2153-2156
Durand, E., Lecomte, J., Baréa, et al. “Evaluation of deep eutectic solvent – water
binary mixture for lipase-catalyzed liphophilization of phenolic acids”.
Green Chem. Vol 15, 2013;2275-2282
Dutta, S., De, S., Saha. B., Alam, M.I. “Advance in conversion of hemicellulosic
biomass to furfural and upgrading to biofuels”. Catal. Sci. Technol. Vol 2
(10), 2012; 2025-2036
Fessenden, R.J Fessenden, J.S. 1991. “Kimia Organik”. Jilid 1. Jakarta. Penerbit:
Erlangga
Gao, Hongling., Liu, Haitang., Pang, Bo., Yu, Guang., Du, Jian., Zhang, Yuedong.,
Wang, haisong., Mu., Xindong. “Production of furfural from waste
Universitas Sumatera Utara
aqueous hemicelluloses solution of hardwood over
zeolite”.Bioresources Technology. Vol 172, 2014; 453-456
ZSM-5
Ghazali, Imam., 2013. “Aplikasi Analisis Multivariat dengan Program IBM SPSS 21,
Edisi 7”.Badan Penerbit Universitas Dipenogoro, Semarang.
Griffin, R, C., 1927. “Technical Methods of Analysis, 2nd ed”, pp. 491-494. McGrawHill Book Company, New York.
Gürbüz, E.I., Gallo J.M.R., Alonso D. M.. “Conversion of hemicelluloses into
furfural using solid acid catalyst in γ-valerolactone, ngew. Chem. Int. Ed.
52 ”. Vol 52, 2013; 1270-1274
Gürbüz, E. I., Wettstein, S. G., Dumesic, J. A. “Conversion of hemicelluloses to
furfural and levulinic acid using biphasic reactors with alkylphenol
solvents. ChemSusChem. Vol 5, 2012; 383-387
Handy, S., Lavender, K. “Organic synthesis in deep eutectic solvents: Paal-Knorr
reactions, Tetrahedron Lett. Vol 54, 2013; 4377- 4379
Herlih (1993). Pengaruh air perasan buah belimbing wuluh (averrhoa blimbi)
terhadap kadar kolesterol serum darah tikus putih. http://warinstek.
go.id/pangan-kesehatan. 23 Juli 2015
Holm, L. G, Plucknett, D. L., Pancho , J. V., and Herberger, J. P. (1997). The world’s
worst Weeds; Distribution and Biology, University Press of hawaii,
honohulu, Hi.
Khumar AK., Gousia SK., Anupama. M., and Latha JML. A review on
phytochemichal constutuens and biological assays of averrhoa blimbi.
Krishna university. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical
Science research. 2013; 3147: 136-139.
Ko. H. C., Shih. L. T., Jhan. T. B., Chang. C. F., Wang. N. Y. and Wang. C. Y.
(2013). Production of xylooligosaccharides from forest waste by membrane
separation and paenibacillus xylanase Hydrolysis.
Kuo, Y. L. (2003).” Ecological charateristic of three invansive plants leucaena
leucocephala, Mikania micrantha, and Stachytarphetar jamaicensis
thriving in southern taiwan, “ In: Oka, M., Matsui, M., Shiomi, T., Ogawa,
Y., Tsuchiya, K (eds), Biological Invansions-Evironmental Impacts and the
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Developments of a Database for the asian-pacific region, Proceeding of the
NIAES-FFTC joint international seminar, Tsukuba, Japan, 177-191.
Kuo, Y. L., Chen, T. Y., and Lin., C. C. (2002).” Using a consecutive-cutting method
and allelopathy to control the invansive vine, Mikania micrantha H. B. K.,
“ Taiwan J. Forest Sci. 17, 171-181. (In Chinese with english abstract).
Li, Huiling., Ren, Junli., Zhong, Linjie., Sun, Runcang., Liang, Lei . “Production of
furfural from xylose, water-insoluble hemicelluloses and water-soluble
fraction of corncob via a tin-loaded montmorillonite solid acid catalyst”.
Bioresources Technology. Vol 176, 2015; 242-248
Li, Xiaofang., Liu, Qin., Peng, Lincai., Liu, Rui., Li, yan yang dan Lan, Xianqiu.
“Furfural produced from bamboo by a 2-step method at atmospheric
pressure ”. Journal of Chemichal and Pharmacentical Research. Vol 6(5),
2014; 836-842
Lowe, S., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., and Poorter, M. D. (2001). 100 of the world’s
Worst Invansive Alien Species: a selection from the Global Invasive
Species Database, The International Union for Conservation of NatureInvansive Species Specialist Group (IUCN-ISSG), Gland. Switzerland.
Mamman, A.S., Lee, J,_M., Kim, Y.-C., Hwang, I.T.,Park, N.-J., Hwang, Y.K.,
Chang, J.-S., and Hwang, J.-S. (2008). “Furfural: hemicelluloses/xylose
derived biochemichal”. Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefin. 2(5), 438-454.
Martín, Mariano., E, Ignacio., Grossman. “Optimal production of furfural and DMF
from algae and swichgrass”. 12th International Symposium on Process
System Engineering and 25th Europan Symposium on Computer Aided
Process Engineering. 2015
M. Cai, Charles., Zhang, Taiying., Kumar, Rajeev., Wyman E, Charles, (2014).
“Integrated furfural production as a renewable fuel and chemichal
platform from lignocellulosic biomass”. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. Vol
89; 2014: 2-10
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 1994 Furfural: Methods 2529,
Issue 2, Fourth Edition; 1994: 2554.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
O’Brien P. “Furfural chemichal and biofuels from agriculture by Wondu Business
and Technology Service, in RIRDC Publication no 06/127 Rural Industries.
Research and Development Corporation, Barton. A.C.T”. 2006
Ong, H.K and Sashikala, M. (2007). “Indentification of furfural synthesized from
pentosan in rice husk”. J.Trop. Agric. Nd Fd. Sc. Vol 35, 2007:305-312.
Mesa, Leyanis., Morales, Marlen., González., Cara, Cristóbal., Romero, Inmaculada.,
Castro, eulogio., Mussatto, Solange I. “Restructuring the processes for
furfural and xylose production from sugarcane bagasse in a biorefinery
concept for ethanol production”. Chemical engineering and Processing.
Vol 85, 2014; 196-202
Pavia, Donald L., Lampman, Gary M., Kriz, Gorge S. Gullón. 2001. “Introduction of
Spectoscopy, 3th ed, pp. 29-83. Thomson Learning. Australia.
Raman, Jegananthan Kenthorai dan Gnansounou, Edgard. “Furfural production from
empty fruit bunch- A biorefinery approach”. Industrial Crops and
Products. Vol 69, 2015; 371-377
Rinaldi. R., Schüt, F. “Design of solid catalyst for the conversion of biomass ”.
Energy Environ. Sci. Vol 2 ;2009; 610-626
Reddy, N., and Yang, Y, Y. (2008). “Characterizing natural cellulosa fibers from
velvet leaf (abtilon theoprasti) stems, “Bioresour: Technol: 99, 2449-2454.
Saha, B.C. 2003. “Hemicellulose bioconversion”. J. Ind Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30,
279-291
Sankaran, K.V. Mikania Micrantha. Asia-Pacific Forest Invansive Species network
(APFISN).
Shafeeq, Amir., Muhammad, Ayyaz., Sarfaraz, Shahid., Akram, Ziad., Usman Saeed.,
H.M dan Farooq, Umar. “Effect of acid concentration on the extraction of
furfural from corn cobs.”. International Journal of chemichal engineering
and application.. Vol 6, 2015; 5
Sievers, C., I. Musin, T. Marzialetti. “Acid catalyst conversion of sugars and
furfurals in an ionic-liquid phase”. chemSusChem. Vol 2, 2009; 665-671
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Spiridon
I, dan Popa VL.
“Hemicellulose: structure and properties”.
Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versality, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. 2005.
Thamizhselvami, N., IV, Liji., YR, Sanjayakumar., GC, Sanal Gopi., KG,
Vasanthakumar., GK, Swamy. “Evaluation of antioxidant activity of
averrhoa bilimbi Linn fruit juice in paracetamol intoxicated wistar albino
rays.”. Envliven Archive. Vol 1, 2015; 1
Vinueza, Nelson, R., Kim, Eurick S., Gallardo, Vanessa A., Mosier, Nathan S., AbuOmar, Mahadi M., Carpita, Nicholas C., Kenttämana, Hilka I. “Tandem
mass spectrometrc characterization of the conversion of xylose to furfural”.
Biomass and Bioenergy. Vol 74, 2015; 1-5
Wang, Wenju., Ren, Junli., Li, Huiling., Deng,Aojie., Sun, Runcang. “Direct
transformation of xylan-type hemicelluloses to furfural via SnCl 4 catalysts
in aqueous and biphasic systems”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 183,
2015; 188-194
Xing, R., Qi, W., and Huber, G. W. (2011). “Production of furfural and carboxylic
acids from waste aqueos hemicelluloses solution from the pulp and paper
and cellulosic ethanol industries,” Energy Environ. Sci. 4(6), 2193-2205.
Yang, Y. Hu, C.W., M. Abu-Omar, M “Synthesis of furfural from xylose, xylan, and
biomass using AlCl3. 6H2O in biphasic media via xylose isomerization to
xylulose”. Chem SusChem. Vol 5, 2012; 405-410
Yemiş,
Oktay., Mazza, Giuseppe.
“Optimization of furfural and 5hydroxymethylfurfural production from wheat straw by a microwaveassisted process”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 109, 2012; 215-223
Zhang, Lu-Xin., Yu, Han., Bing Yu, Hong., Chen, Ze dan Yang, Lei. “Conversion of
xylose and xylan into furfural in biorenewable choline chloride-oxalic acid
deep eutectic solvent with the addition of metal chloride.”.Chinese
chemichal letters. Vol 25, 2014; 1132-1136
Zhang, Haiyan., Liu, Xuejun., Lu, Meizhen., Hu, Xinyue., Lu, Leigang., Tian,
Xiaoning., Ji, Tianbing. “Role of Brønsted acid in selective production of
furfural in biomass pyrolysis”. Bioresource technology. Vol 169, 2014;
800-803
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Zhang, Luxin dan Yu, Hongbing. “Conversion of xylan and xylose into furfural in
biorenewable deep eutectic solvent with trivalent metal chloride add.”.
BioResources. Vol 8(4), 2013; 6014-6025
Zhang, Luxin., Yu, Hongbing., Wang, Pan., Dong, Heng., Peng, Xinhong.
“Conversion of xylan, D-xylose and lignocellulosic biomass into furfural
using AlCl 3 as catalyst in ionic liquid”. Bioresource Technology. Vol 130,
2013; 110-116
Zhang, L. Y., Ye, W. H. Cao, H.L., and Feny, H.L. (2004). “Mikania micrantha H. B.
K. In China – on overview, “weed Res”. 44, 42.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Agirrezabal, I - Telleria, Gandarias, I., Arias, P.L. “Production of furfural from
pentosan-rich biomass: Analysis of process parameters during
simultaneous furfural stripping”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 143, 2013;
258-264
Agirrezabal, I - Telleria, Requies, J., Güemez, M.B., Arias, P.L. “Furfural
production from xylose + glucose feedings and simultaneous N 2 stripping”. Green Chem. Vol 14, 2012; 3132-3140
Agirrezabal, I - Telleria, Gandarias, I., Arias, P.L. “Production of furfural from
pentosan-rich biomass: Analysis of process parameters during
simultaneous furfural stripping”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 143, 2013;
258-264
Ambalkar, V.U dan Talib, Mohd I. “Synthesis of furfural from lignocellulosic
biomass as Agricultural”. The International Journal of Engineering and
Science (IJES). Vol 1, 2012; 30-36
Andaka, Ganjar, “Hidrolisis ampas tebu menjadi Furfural dengan katalisator asam
sulfat”. Jurnal Teknologi FTI IST Akprindo. Vol 4, 2011; 180-188
Arroxelas, Vera Lúcia; De Lima, Galvão; Mélo, Enayde De Almeida; Santos Lima,
Lueci Dos. “Physicochemical Characteristics of Bilimbi (averrhoa bilimbi
l.)”.Comunicação
Científica.
Print version ISSN
0100-2945Online version ISSN
1806-9967.Rev.
Bras.
Frutic. vol.23 no.2 Jaboticabal Aug. 2001
Baktash, Mir Mojtaba., Ahsan, laboni., Ni, Yonghao. “Production of furfural from
an industrial pre-hydrolysis liquor”. Separation and Purification
Technology. Vol 149, 2015; 407-412
Boblester O. “hydrothermal Degradation and Fraccionation of saccharides and
polysaccharides”. Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional
Versatility, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. 2005
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Chemspider. Search and Share Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry.The Queen
Awards For Enterprise International Trade 2013.
Chen, L. Y., Lin. Y. C, Wu. T. L., Chung. J. M., Chen. Y. T., Yang. H. T., Chen. C.
H and Wu. H. J. (2012). “Evaluation and application of the invansive weed
Mikania micrantha as an alternative reinforcement in recycled hidh density
polyethilene”. National Chung hsin University. Bioresources: 7 (2), 24032417.
Chen, T. H., Chen, Z. C., Wang, T. H., Wang, C. L., and Chao, y. C. (2003).
“Biological control of Mikania micrantha (mile-a-minute). “In: Chang, S.
S., Hsu, L. M., kuo, H. J., Hwang, P., Lin, H. S., and Yu, H. Y., eds., The
Harmful Effects and Field Management of Mikania micrantha. WSSROC,
Hualien, taiwan, pp. 79-96.
Cock, M. J. W., Ellison, C. A., Evans, H. C., and Ooi, P. A. C. (2000). “ Can failure
be turned into succes for biological control of mile-a-minute weed
(Mikania Micrantha). “In Proceedings 2000 International Symposium on
biological Control of Weeds, montana State University, bozeman, USA, pp.
155-167.
Colonel E, Roberto. 1983. Promising Fruit of The Philiphines. College of Africulture
University of The Philiphines at Los Banos. 1983
Dhepe P.L, dan Sahu. R. “A solid-acid-based process for the conversion of
hemicelluloses, Green Chem”. 12 (2010) 2153-2156
Durand, E., Lecomte, J., Baréa, et al. “Evaluation of deep eutectic solvent – water
binary mixture for lipase-catalyzed liphophilization of phenolic acids”.
Green Chem. Vol 15, 2013;2275-2282
Dutta, S., De, S., Saha. B., Alam, M.I. “Advance in conversion of hemicellulosic
biomass to furfural and upgrading to biofuels”. Catal. Sci. Technol. Vol 2
(10), 2012; 2025-2036
Fessenden, R.J Fessenden, J.S. 1991. “Kimia Organik”. Jilid 1. Jakarta. Penerbit:
Erlangga
Gao, Hongling., Liu, Haitang., Pang, Bo., Yu, Guang., Du, Jian., Zhang, Yuedong.,
Wang, haisong., Mu., Xindong. “Production of furfural from waste
Universitas Sumatera Utara
aqueous hemicelluloses solution of hardwood over
zeolite”.Bioresources Technology. Vol 172, 2014; 453-456
ZSM-5
Ghazali, Imam., 2013. “Aplikasi Analisis Multivariat dengan Program IBM SPSS 21,
Edisi 7”.Badan Penerbit Universitas Dipenogoro, Semarang.
Griffin, R, C., 1927. “Technical Methods of Analysis, 2nd ed”, pp. 491-494. McGrawHill Book Company, New York.
Gürbüz, E.I., Gallo J.M.R., Alonso D. M.. “Conversion of hemicelluloses into
furfural using solid acid catalyst in γ-valerolactone, ngew. Chem. Int. Ed.
52 ”. Vol 52, 2013; 1270-1274
Gürbüz, E. I., Wettstein, S. G., Dumesic, J. A. “Conversion of hemicelluloses to
furfural and levulinic acid using biphasic reactors with alkylphenol
solvents. ChemSusChem. Vol 5, 2012; 383-387
Handy, S., Lavender, K. “Organic synthesis in deep eutectic solvents: Paal-Knorr
reactions, Tetrahedron Lett. Vol 54, 2013; 4377- 4379
Herlih (1993). Pengaruh air perasan buah belimbing wuluh (averrhoa blimbi)
terhadap kadar kolesterol serum darah tikus putih. http://warinstek.
go.id/pangan-kesehatan. 23 Juli 2015
Holm, L. G, Plucknett, D. L., Pancho , J. V., and Herberger, J. P. (1997). The world’s
worst Weeds; Distribution and Biology, University Press of hawaii,
honohulu, Hi.
Khumar AK., Gousia SK., Anupama. M., and Latha JML. A review on
phytochemichal constutuens and biological assays of averrhoa blimbi.
Krishna university. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical
Science research. 2013; 3147: 136-139.
Ko. H. C., Shih. L. T., Jhan. T. B., Chang. C. F., Wang. N. Y. and Wang. C. Y.
(2013). Production of xylooligosaccharides from forest waste by membrane
separation and paenibacillus xylanase Hydrolysis.
Kuo, Y. L. (2003).” Ecological charateristic of three invansive plants leucaena
leucocephala, Mikania micrantha, and Stachytarphetar jamaicensis
thriving in southern taiwan, “ In: Oka, M., Matsui, M., Shiomi, T., Ogawa,
Y., Tsuchiya, K (eds), Biological Invansions-Evironmental Impacts and the
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Developments of a Database for the asian-pacific region, Proceeding of the
NIAES-FFTC joint international seminar, Tsukuba, Japan, 177-191.
Kuo, Y. L., Chen, T. Y., and Lin., C. C. (2002).” Using a consecutive-cutting method
and allelopathy to control the invansive vine, Mikania micrantha H. B. K.,
“ Taiwan J. Forest Sci. 17, 171-181. (In Chinese with english abstract).
Li, Huiling., Ren, Junli., Zhong, Linjie., Sun, Runcang., Liang, Lei . “Production of
furfural from xylose, water-insoluble hemicelluloses and water-soluble
fraction of corncob via a tin-loaded montmorillonite solid acid catalyst”.
Bioresources Technology. Vol 176, 2015; 242-248
Li, Xiaofang., Liu, Qin., Peng, Lincai., Liu, Rui., Li, yan yang dan Lan, Xianqiu.
“Furfural produced from bamboo by a 2-step method at atmospheric
pressure ”. Journal of Chemichal and Pharmacentical Research. Vol 6(5),
2014; 836-842
Lowe, S., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., and Poorter, M. D. (2001). 100 of the world’s
Worst Invansive Alien Species: a selection from the Global Invasive
Species Database, The International Union for Conservation of NatureInvansive Species Specialist Group (IUCN-ISSG), Gland. Switzerland.
Mamman, A.S., Lee, J,_M., Kim, Y.-C., Hwang, I.T.,Park, N.-J., Hwang, Y.K.,
Chang, J.-S., and Hwang, J.-S. (2008). “Furfural: hemicelluloses/xylose
derived biochemichal”. Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefin. 2(5), 438-454.
Martín, Mariano., E, Ignacio., Grossman. “Optimal production of furfural and DMF
from algae and swichgrass”. 12th International Symposium on Process
System Engineering and 25th Europan Symposium on Computer Aided
Process Engineering. 2015
M. Cai, Charles., Zhang, Taiying., Kumar, Rajeev., Wyman E, Charles, (2014).
“Integrated furfural production as a renewable fuel and chemichal
platform from lignocellulosic biomass”. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. Vol
89; 2014: 2-10
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 1994 Furfural: Methods 2529,
Issue 2, Fourth Edition; 1994: 2554.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
O’Brien P. “Furfural chemichal and biofuels from agriculture by Wondu Business
and Technology Service, in RIRDC Publication no 06/127 Rural Industries.
Research and Development Corporation, Barton. A.C.T”. 2006
Ong, H.K and Sashikala, M. (2007). “Indentification of furfural synthesized from
pentosan in rice husk”. J.Trop. Agric. Nd Fd. Sc. Vol 35, 2007:305-312.
Mesa, Leyanis., Morales, Marlen., González., Cara, Cristóbal., Romero, Inmaculada.,
Castro, eulogio., Mussatto, Solange I. “Restructuring the processes for
furfural and xylose production from sugarcane bagasse in a biorefinery
concept for ethanol production”. Chemical engineering and Processing.
Vol 85, 2014; 196-202
Pavia, Donald L., Lampman, Gary M., Kriz, Gorge S. Gullón. 2001. “Introduction of
Spectoscopy, 3th ed, pp. 29-83. Thomson Learning. Australia.
Raman, Jegananthan Kenthorai dan Gnansounou, Edgard. “Furfural production from
empty fruit bunch- A biorefinery approach”. Industrial Crops and
Products. Vol 69, 2015; 371-377
Rinaldi. R., Schüt, F. “Design of solid catalyst for the conversion of biomass ”.
Energy Environ. Sci. Vol 2 ;2009; 610-626
Reddy, N., and Yang, Y, Y. (2008). “Characterizing natural cellulosa fibers from
velvet leaf (abtilon theoprasti) stems, “Bioresour: Technol: 99, 2449-2454.
Saha, B.C. 2003. “Hemicellulose bioconversion”. J. Ind Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30,
279-291
Sankaran, K.V. Mikania Micrantha. Asia-Pacific Forest Invansive Species network
(APFISN).
Shafeeq, Amir., Muhammad, Ayyaz., Sarfaraz, Shahid., Akram, Ziad., Usman Saeed.,
H.M dan Farooq, Umar. “Effect of acid concentration on the extraction of
furfural from corn cobs.”. International Journal of chemichal engineering
and application.. Vol 6, 2015; 5
Sievers, C., I. Musin, T. Marzialetti. “Acid catalyst conversion of sugars and
furfurals in an ionic-liquid phase”. chemSusChem. Vol 2, 2009; 665-671
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Spiridon
I, dan Popa VL.
“Hemicellulose: structure and properties”.
Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versality, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. 2005.
Thamizhselvami, N., IV, Liji., YR, Sanjayakumar., GC, Sanal Gopi., KG,
Vasanthakumar., GK, Swamy. “Evaluation of antioxidant activity of
averrhoa bilimbi Linn fruit juice in paracetamol intoxicated wistar albino
rays.”. Envliven Archive. Vol 1, 2015; 1
Vinueza, Nelson, R., Kim, Eurick S., Gallardo, Vanessa A., Mosier, Nathan S., AbuOmar, Mahadi M., Carpita, Nicholas C., Kenttämana, Hilka I. “Tandem
mass spectrometrc characterization of the conversion of xylose to furfural”.
Biomass and Bioenergy. Vol 74, 2015; 1-5
Wang, Wenju., Ren, Junli., Li, Huiling., Deng,Aojie., Sun, Runcang. “Direct
transformation of xylan-type hemicelluloses to furfural via SnCl 4 catalysts
in aqueous and biphasic systems”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 183,
2015; 188-194
Xing, R., Qi, W., and Huber, G. W. (2011). “Production of furfural and carboxylic
acids from waste aqueos hemicelluloses solution from the pulp and paper
and cellulosic ethanol industries,” Energy Environ. Sci. 4(6), 2193-2205.
Yang, Y. Hu, C.W., M. Abu-Omar, M “Synthesis of furfural from xylose, xylan, and
biomass using AlCl3. 6H2O in biphasic media via xylose isomerization to
xylulose”. Chem SusChem. Vol 5, 2012; 405-410
Yemiş,
Oktay., Mazza, Giuseppe.
“Optimization of furfural and 5hydroxymethylfurfural production from wheat straw by a microwaveassisted process”. Bioresources Technology. Vol 109, 2012; 215-223
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