Transparansi Informasi Ala Indonesia.
Pikiran Rakyat
S e n in
•
o GFEDCBA
17
O Jan
2
18
456
3
19
20
o
O P eb
M ar
21
O Apr
T ransparansi
O le h
M
7
22
K a m is
0
o
Jum at
8
9
10
11
12
13
23
24
25
26
27
28
O M ei
O Jun
O Jul
0 Ags
O Sep
eJ
0
S a b tu
O O kt
M in g g u
29
15
30
O N ov
•
ENGKUS
tin g g i d i In d o n e s ia b e rg e s e r p a d a k o m u n ik a s i k o n te k s re n d a h ,
KUSW ARNO
ENAKJUBKAN!
s ik a n s e b a g a i b a g ia n d a ri fu n g s i
In d o n e s ia s e ja k
b iro k ra s i p e m e rin ta h a n , d ip e rk u a t d e n g a n s a n k s i-s a n k s i y a n g
la in y a n g te rd a h u lu
200-
8 , m e la lu i D U K e te r-
adopsi
k e te rb u k a a n
d i n e g e ri
m e n e ra p -
b u k a a n In fo rm a s i P u b lik (K IP )
te g a s u n tu k p e la n g g a ra n n y a .
N o . 1 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 , m e n e m p a tk a n d iri s e b a g a i n e g a ra k e -s d i
A s ia d a n k e -7 6 d i d u n ia y a n g s e -
T e rd a p a t d u a k o m p o n e n p e n tin g d a la m m e m a k n a i k e te rb u -
di acuannya
k a a n in i, y a itu p e n g g u n a in fo r-
c a ra re s m i m e n g a d o p s i p rin s ip -
m a s i p u b lik d a n b a d a n p u b lik .
jo h n
(1 9 9 6 ), p e n g e m b a n g a n
k o m u n ik a s i d i d u n ia c e n d e ru n g
p rin s ip tra n s p a ra n s i
P e n g g u n a in fo rm a s i p u b lik m e m ilik i r ig h t to k n o w , s e d a n g k a n
b e rk ib la t
n e g a ra d i d u n ia y a n g m e m ilik i
D U K e te rb u k a a n In fo rm a s i. D i
b a d a n p u b lik m e m ilik i r ig h t to
te ll. P e rs o a la n u ta m a d a ri k e d u -
W a la u p u n In d o n e s ia m e n g a c u k e p a d a F re e d o m o f In fo rm a -
A s ia , y a itu In d ia , J e p a n g , N e p a l,
a k o m p o n e n in i a d a la h s a lin g
m e m a h a m i h a k n y a m a s in g -m a -
tio n A c t (F O IA ) y a n g b e rg a y a
s in g , y a n g k a re n a b e rb a g a i k e -
rh a ra p In d o n e s ia m e m ilik i k e te rb u k a a n y a n g k h a s , b e rk u ltu r
in fo rm a s i.
s e m b ila n
K o m itm e n
tra n s p a ra n s i
p u lu h
In d o n e s ia
in fo rm a s i
pada
in i d a -
la m k o n te k s ilm u k o m u n ik a s i,
a g a k u n ik . M e n g in g a t, s te re o tip e
In d o n e s ia s e la m a in i te rm a s u k
n e g a ra d a la m b u d a y a k o m u n ik a s i k o n te k s tin g g i, d a la m a rti
p e n t i n g a n ,h u b u n g a n k e d u a n y a
m e n ja d i re n ta n .
Id e a ln y a m a n fa a t k e te rb u k a a n in fo rm a s i b a g i b a d a n p u b lik
a n ta ra la in m e n c ip ta k a n ta ta p e m e rin ta h a n
y a n g b a ik ; m e n in g -
.
k a n n y a ? T e ru ta m a y a n g m e n ja a d a la h
A m e rik a
S e rik a t, s e p e rti d is in y a lir L ittle -
k e A S y a n g m e m ilik i
c iri u ta m a p ra g m a tis m e .
A m e rik a ,
te ta p i
m u n g k in
be-
d e m o k ra s i k h a s In d o n e s ia . W a la u p u n s e c a ra d e fin itif d a n im p le m e n ta tif
in i tid a k m u d a h
d ik o n s tru k s i. M e ru ju k p a d a p e -
k a tk a n fu n g s i, k u a lita s , d a n k i-
rn y a ta a n
L a w re n c e
K in c a id
(1 9 9 6 ) b a h w a k o m u n ik a s i d i n e -
bahw a pem aknaan
in fo rm a s i
a n ta rm a n u s ia b u k a n a ta s d a s a r
k e te rb u k a a n , m e la in k a n p e n u h
n e rja b a d a n p u b lik ; m e n c e g a h
te rja d in y a p ra k tik -p ra k tik
ko-
g a ra s e p e rti In d o n e s ia b e rs ifa t
m e n y e lu ru h d a n te rp a d u ( w h o -
ru p s i. S e m e n ta ra b a g i p e n g g u n a
le n e s s a n d u n ity ) ; le b ih n a tu ra l,
d e n g a n s im b o lis a s i, n o n v e rb a l,
d a n a b s tra k .
. in fo rm a s i p u b lik (m a s y a ra k a t),
d i a n ta ra n y a m e n in g k a tk a n p a r-
e m o s io n a l a n d s p iritu a l; k o m u n ik a s i le b ih in tu itif, s e b a g a i k o n -
U n d a n g -U n d a n g
K IP m e n g a tu r k e w a jib a n b a d a n a ta u p e -
tis ip a s i m a s y a ra k a t d a la m m e n -
ja b a t p u b lik u n tu k m e m b e rik a n
a k s e s in fo rm a s i y a n g te rb u k a k e -
y a n g b a ik , s e rta m e n in g k a tk a n
s e k u e n s i d a ri s u a tu p e ris tiw a
yang
a la m i;
dan
hubungan
b e rs ifa t le b ih ru m it k a re n a m e li-
p a d a p u b lik (m a s y a ra k a t).
31
D es
In fo r m a s i A la In d o n e s ia
T h a ila n d , In d o n e s ia , d iik u ti B a n g la d e s h .
K e-
w a jib a n m e m b e rik a n in fo rm a s i,
d o k u m e n , d a n d a ta d iin te g ra -
c ip ta k a n
ta ta
p e m e rin ta h a n
k e c e rd a s a n d a n k e s e ja h te ra a n
m a s y a ra k a t.
P e ro b a h a n p a ra d ig m a
A k a n k a h k o m u n ik a s i k o n te k s
Kliping
L
0
Rabu
y a n g b e rs ifa t rin c i, v e rb a l, te rb u k a ? A k a n k a h b u d a y a k o m u n ik a s i te rb u k a d i In d o n e s ia m e n g -
S a a t itu , b a rn
'-
o
S e la s a
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
b a tk a n
p o s is i s ta tu s , p e ra n a n ,
d a n k e k u a ta n s o s ia l k e tim b a n g
h a n y a p a d a p o s is i d u a a ta u le b ih
in d iv id u . In ti d a ri s e m u a c iri ta -
Humas Unpad 2010
d i a d a la h
a d a r iy a n ila i- n ila i d i
a ta s r itu a l a ta u s im b o l s e m a ta .
R e a lita s n y a , p e r u b a h a n p a r a d ig m a in i m e n im b u lk a n k o n d is i
p a r a d o k s c ir i k h a s I n d o n e s ia .
K e tik a D U m e n g a tu r right to
know p u b lik b e r s a n d in g d e n g a n
n is m e p a la y a n a n in f o r m a s i p u b lik y a n g b u r u k , a k s e s in f o r m a s i
p u b lik y a n g a s im e tr is .
S e b a g a i p e n u tu p ,
m e n a r ik
m e n g ik u ti p e n d a p a t S id n e y M .
parent,
( 1 9 7 1 ) te n ta n g transy a itu te n ta n g c e r m in a n
right to tell b a d a n p u b lik , k e n y a ta a n n y a b a n y a k k o n d is i y a n g
konsep
d ir i y a n g p o s itif . J ik a
m em aksa
a d a a n p a d a k e lo m p o k , o r g a n is a s i, d a n n e g a r a ) y a n g m e m ilik i
k a r a k te r is tik transparent, d ia
c e n d e ru n g a k a n m e m p e rse p si
( m e m a k n a i r e a lita s ) le b ih c e r -
p u b lik
pada
p o s is i
right to tell, s e d a n g k a n b a d a n
p u b lik b e r lin d u n g p a d a "right to
know" a ta s k o n d is i p u b lik .
S e b a g a i c o n to h ,
p a ra d o k s
d a la m m e m p e r ta h a n k a n
in f o r m a s i p r iv a t ta n g g a lla h ir s e s e o ra n g y a n g m e n d a p a t
p e r lin d u n g a n D U u n tu k d ir a h a s ia k a n ,
m e n ja d i n o m o r in d u k p e g a w a i
y a n g m u d a h d ik e n a li p u b lik .
C o n to h p a r a d o k s la in a d a la h
L S M b e r s ik e r a s m e m in ta in f o r m a s i te n ta n g p e la k s a n a a n
ang-
g a r a n s u a tu in s titu s i n e g a r a .
A k a n te ta p i L S M y a n g m e r u p a k a n b a d a n p u b lik te r s e b u t e n g g a n m e m u b lik a s ik a n d a r i m a n a
d a n b a g a im a n a p e la k s a n a a n p e n g g u n a a n a n g g a r a n n y a s e n d ir i.
A p a b ila d ib u a t k a te g o r i, m a k a
d a la m
im p le m e n ta s i
tr a n s p a r a n s i in f o r m a s i d i I n d o n e s ia
m a s ih m e m ilik i p e r s o a la n , s e la in m a s a la h n ila i ta d i, y a itu in f o r m a s i p u b lik tid a k te r s e d ia , in f o r m a s i p u b lik te r la m b a t d ib e r ik a n , in f o r m a s i p u b lik d ik la im
r a h a s ia
s e c a r a s e p ih a k , m e k a -
Jo u ra rd
se se o ra n g
( te r m a s u k
k e b e r-
m a t. S e c a r a in d iv id u a l, d a la m
b e b e r a p a r is e t y a n g d ik u tip n y a ,
b a h w a o r a n g y a n g transparent
s e la in m e m ilik i tin g k a t k e c e r m a ta n y a n g tin g g i, d ia c e n d e ru n g
le b ih
m a n d ir i
dan
m e m ilik i d a y a ta h a n h id u p le b ih
la m a . T e n tu s a ja b e r h a r a p , jik a
p e ja b a t p u b lik d i I n d o n e s ia
d a la m p o s is in y a te r s e b u t m e m ilik i k a r a k te r is tik transparent,
m e re k a
m e m ilik i k e ta h a n a n
h id u p m a n d ir i, le b ih c e r m a t
m e lih a t r e a lita s ( te r m a s u k te r h a d a p sense of crisis), d a n te n tu
s a ja b e r p e lu a n g le b ih s e h a t s e r ta m e m ilik i h a r a p a n h id u p y a n g
le b ih la m a . K o n d is i in i a k a n
m e m b a w a im p lik a s i p o s itif b a g i
badan
p u b lik te r m a s u k
d a n n e g a ra n y a .
p u b lik
***
Penulis, Guru Besar Komunikologi Unpad Bandung.
1
S e n in
•
o GFEDCBA
17
O Jan
2
18
456
3
19
20
o
O P eb
M ar
21
O Apr
T ransparansi
O le h
M
7
22
K a m is
0
o
Jum at
8
9
10
11
12
13
23
24
25
26
27
28
O M ei
O Jun
O Jul
0 Ags
O Sep
eJ
0
S a b tu
O O kt
M in g g u
29
15
30
O N ov
•
ENGKUS
tin g g i d i In d o n e s ia b e rg e s e r p a d a k o m u n ik a s i k o n te k s re n d a h ,
KUSW ARNO
ENAKJUBKAN!
s ik a n s e b a g a i b a g ia n d a ri fu n g s i
In d o n e s ia s e ja k
b iro k ra s i p e m e rin ta h a n , d ip e rk u a t d e n g a n s a n k s i-s a n k s i y a n g
la in y a n g te rd a h u lu
200-
8 , m e la lu i D U K e te r-
adopsi
k e te rb u k a a n
d i n e g e ri
m e n e ra p -
b u k a a n In fo rm a s i P u b lik (K IP )
te g a s u n tu k p e la n g g a ra n n y a .
N o . 1 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 , m e n e m p a tk a n d iri s e b a g a i n e g a ra k e -s d i
A s ia d a n k e -7 6 d i d u n ia y a n g s e -
T e rd a p a t d u a k o m p o n e n p e n tin g d a la m m e m a k n a i k e te rb u -
di acuannya
k a a n in i, y a itu p e n g g u n a in fo r-
c a ra re s m i m e n g a d o p s i p rin s ip -
m a s i p u b lik d a n b a d a n p u b lik .
jo h n
(1 9 9 6 ), p e n g e m b a n g a n
k o m u n ik a s i d i d u n ia c e n d e ru n g
p rin s ip tra n s p a ra n s i
P e n g g u n a in fo rm a s i p u b lik m e m ilik i r ig h t to k n o w , s e d a n g k a n
b e rk ib la t
n e g a ra d i d u n ia y a n g m e m ilik i
D U K e te rb u k a a n In fo rm a s i. D i
b a d a n p u b lik m e m ilik i r ig h t to
te ll. P e rs o a la n u ta m a d a ri k e d u -
W a la u p u n In d o n e s ia m e n g a c u k e p a d a F re e d o m o f In fo rm a -
A s ia , y a itu In d ia , J e p a n g , N e p a l,
a k o m p o n e n in i a d a la h s a lin g
m e m a h a m i h a k n y a m a s in g -m a -
tio n A c t (F O IA ) y a n g b e rg a y a
s in g , y a n g k a re n a b e rb a g a i k e -
rh a ra p In d o n e s ia m e m ilik i k e te rb u k a a n y a n g k h a s , b e rk u ltu r
in fo rm a s i.
s e m b ila n
K o m itm e n
tra n s p a ra n s i
p u lu h
In d o n e s ia
in fo rm a s i
pada
in i d a -
la m k o n te k s ilm u k o m u n ik a s i,
a g a k u n ik . M e n g in g a t, s te re o tip e
In d o n e s ia s e la m a in i te rm a s u k
n e g a ra d a la m b u d a y a k o m u n ik a s i k o n te k s tin g g i, d a la m a rti
p e n t i n g a n ,h u b u n g a n k e d u a n y a
m e n ja d i re n ta n .
Id e a ln y a m a n fa a t k e te rb u k a a n in fo rm a s i b a g i b a d a n p u b lik
a n ta ra la in m e n c ip ta k a n ta ta p e m e rin ta h a n
y a n g b a ik ; m e n in g -
.
k a n n y a ? T e ru ta m a y a n g m e n ja a d a la h
A m e rik a
S e rik a t, s e p e rti d is in y a lir L ittle -
k e A S y a n g m e m ilik i
c iri u ta m a p ra g m a tis m e .
A m e rik a ,
te ta p i
m u n g k in
be-
d e m o k ra s i k h a s In d o n e s ia . W a la u p u n s e c a ra d e fin itif d a n im p le m e n ta tif
in i tid a k m u d a h
d ik o n s tru k s i. M e ru ju k p a d a p e -
k a tk a n fu n g s i, k u a lita s , d a n k i-
rn y a ta a n
L a w re n c e
K in c a id
(1 9 9 6 ) b a h w a k o m u n ik a s i d i n e -
bahw a pem aknaan
in fo rm a s i
a n ta rm a n u s ia b u k a n a ta s d a s a r
k e te rb u k a a n , m e la in k a n p e n u h
n e rja b a d a n p u b lik ; m e n c e g a h
te rja d in y a p ra k tik -p ra k tik
ko-
g a ra s e p e rti In d o n e s ia b e rs ifa t
m e n y e lu ru h d a n te rp a d u ( w h o -
ru p s i. S e m e n ta ra b a g i p e n g g u n a
le n e s s a n d u n ity ) ; le b ih n a tu ra l,
d e n g a n s im b o lis a s i, n o n v e rb a l,
d a n a b s tra k .
. in fo rm a s i p u b lik (m a s y a ra k a t),
d i a n ta ra n y a m e n in g k a tk a n p a r-
e m o s io n a l a n d s p iritu a l; k o m u n ik a s i le b ih in tu itif, s e b a g a i k o n -
U n d a n g -U n d a n g
K IP m e n g a tu r k e w a jib a n b a d a n a ta u p e -
tis ip a s i m a s y a ra k a t d a la m m e n -
ja b a t p u b lik u n tu k m e m b e rik a n
a k s e s in fo rm a s i y a n g te rb u k a k e -
y a n g b a ik , s e rta m e n in g k a tk a n
s e k u e n s i d a ri s u a tu p e ris tiw a
yang
a la m i;
dan
hubungan
b e rs ifa t le b ih ru m it k a re n a m e li-
p a d a p u b lik (m a s y a ra k a t).
31
D es
In fo r m a s i A la In d o n e s ia
T h a ila n d , In d o n e s ia , d iik u ti B a n g la d e s h .
K e-
w a jib a n m e m b e rik a n in fo rm a s i,
d o k u m e n , d a n d a ta d iin te g ra -
c ip ta k a n
ta ta
p e m e rin ta h a n
k e c e rd a s a n d a n k e s e ja h te ra a n
m a s y a ra k a t.
P e ro b a h a n p a ra d ig m a
A k a n k a h k o m u n ik a s i k o n te k s
Kliping
L
0
Rabu
y a n g b e rs ifa t rin c i, v e rb a l, te rb u k a ? A k a n k a h b u d a y a k o m u n ik a s i te rb u k a d i In d o n e s ia m e n g -
S a a t itu , b a rn
'-
o
S e la s a
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
b a tk a n
p o s is i s ta tu s , p e ra n a n ,
d a n k e k u a ta n s o s ia l k e tim b a n g
h a n y a p a d a p o s is i d u a a ta u le b ih
in d iv id u . In ti d a ri s e m u a c iri ta -
Humas Unpad 2010
d i a d a la h
a d a r iy a n ila i- n ila i d i
a ta s r itu a l a ta u s im b o l s e m a ta .
R e a lita s n y a , p e r u b a h a n p a r a d ig m a in i m e n im b u lk a n k o n d is i
p a r a d o k s c ir i k h a s I n d o n e s ia .
K e tik a D U m e n g a tu r right to
know p u b lik b e r s a n d in g d e n g a n
n is m e p a la y a n a n in f o r m a s i p u b lik y a n g b u r u k , a k s e s in f o r m a s i
p u b lik y a n g a s im e tr is .
S e b a g a i p e n u tu p ,
m e n a r ik
m e n g ik u ti p e n d a p a t S id n e y M .
parent,
( 1 9 7 1 ) te n ta n g transy a itu te n ta n g c e r m in a n
right to tell b a d a n p u b lik , k e n y a ta a n n y a b a n y a k k o n d is i y a n g
konsep
d ir i y a n g p o s itif . J ik a
m em aksa
a d a a n p a d a k e lo m p o k , o r g a n is a s i, d a n n e g a r a ) y a n g m e m ilik i
k a r a k te r is tik transparent, d ia
c e n d e ru n g a k a n m e m p e rse p si
( m e m a k n a i r e a lita s ) le b ih c e r -
p u b lik
pada
p o s is i
right to tell, s e d a n g k a n b a d a n
p u b lik b e r lin d u n g p a d a "right to
know" a ta s k o n d is i p u b lik .
S e b a g a i c o n to h ,
p a ra d o k s
d a la m m e m p e r ta h a n k a n
in f o r m a s i p r iv a t ta n g g a lla h ir s e s e o ra n g y a n g m e n d a p a t
p e r lin d u n g a n D U u n tu k d ir a h a s ia k a n ,
m e n ja d i n o m o r in d u k p e g a w a i
y a n g m u d a h d ik e n a li p u b lik .
C o n to h p a r a d o k s la in a d a la h
L S M b e r s ik e r a s m e m in ta in f o r m a s i te n ta n g p e la k s a n a a n
ang-
g a r a n s u a tu in s titu s i n e g a r a .
A k a n te ta p i L S M y a n g m e r u p a k a n b a d a n p u b lik te r s e b u t e n g g a n m e m u b lik a s ik a n d a r i m a n a
d a n b a g a im a n a p e la k s a n a a n p e n g g u n a a n a n g g a r a n n y a s e n d ir i.
A p a b ila d ib u a t k a te g o r i, m a k a
d a la m
im p le m e n ta s i
tr a n s p a r a n s i in f o r m a s i d i I n d o n e s ia
m a s ih m e m ilik i p e r s o a la n , s e la in m a s a la h n ila i ta d i, y a itu in f o r m a s i p u b lik tid a k te r s e d ia , in f o r m a s i p u b lik te r la m b a t d ib e r ik a n , in f o r m a s i p u b lik d ik la im
r a h a s ia
s e c a r a s e p ih a k , m e k a -
Jo u ra rd
se se o ra n g
( te r m a s u k
k e b e r-
m a t. S e c a r a in d iv id u a l, d a la m
b e b e r a p a r is e t y a n g d ik u tip n y a ,
b a h w a o r a n g y a n g transparent
s e la in m e m ilik i tin g k a t k e c e r m a ta n y a n g tin g g i, d ia c e n d e ru n g
le b ih
m a n d ir i
dan
m e m ilik i d a y a ta h a n h id u p le b ih
la m a . T e n tu s a ja b e r h a r a p , jik a
p e ja b a t p u b lik d i I n d o n e s ia
d a la m p o s is in y a te r s e b u t m e m ilik i k a r a k te r is tik transparent,
m e re k a
m e m ilik i k e ta h a n a n
h id u p m a n d ir i, le b ih c e r m a t
m e lih a t r e a lita s ( te r m a s u k te r h a d a p sense of crisis), d a n te n tu
s a ja b e r p e lu a n g le b ih s e h a t s e r ta m e m ilik i h a r a p a n h id u p y a n g
le b ih la m a . K o n d is i in i a k a n
m e m b a w a im p lik a s i p o s itif b a g i
badan
p u b lik te r m a s u k
d a n n e g a ra n y a .
p u b lik
***
Penulis, Guru Besar Komunikologi Unpad Bandung.
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