Psychological Problems Among Injecting Drug users (IDUs) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
S. Iskandar1,2, T. Hidayat1,2, I.M.P. Siregar1,2, Tri Hanggono Ahmad1,
A.J.A.M. Van der Ven3, C.A.J. de Jong5
1Padjajaran University/ Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, 2IMPACT (Integrated
Management for Prevention Control and Treatment of HIV-AIDS), Health Research Unit,
Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University / Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
4
Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA); Nijmegen, the Netherlands
3
Introduct
ion
• Most common view was that drug addicts are weak
and/ or bad people unwilling to control their
behavior
• Addictive drugs affect the brain circuity controlling
the motivated and learned behavior
• Some of drug users start using drug to “cure” their
psychological problems
• Psychiatric disorders and addiction are often
dubbed
‘dual
disorders’.
Objective
Results
(2)
Living Area
2
Bandung City
1
PKM Salam
(interview
place)
31
16
10
2
5
7
16
7
11
6
3
1
5
4
17
4
To explore the common psychological problems
among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bandung,
West Java, Indonesia a better understanding of
these co-morbidities may contribute to the design
of specifically tailored programs
Metho
ds
10
5
3
7
4
1
3
3
1
11
2
Interview
Center
Results
(3)
Screening,
informed
consent
Get a
coupon
Int
erv
Free
iew
coup
Free HIV, HBV,
HCV, Syphilis
Test
HIV (+)
3
Syphilis
(+)
Free CD4
test &
Chest XFree ARV
ray
treatment
on
for
Reward & free
2
coupons for
testi
recruiting other
ng
IDUs
Free Syphilis
Treatment
New
respondents
Characteristics of IDUs
(n=210)
Characteristics
Age (SD)
Psychological problems
among IDUs
in life time days (N = 210)
Payment for
recruiting other
IDUs
This process (respondent driven
sampling) is continued until the number
of IDUs recruited reach 210
Results
(1)
Psychological problems
among IDUs
in the last 30 days (N = 210)
Notes :
1.Kecamatan Sukasari
2.Kecamatan Sukajadi
3.Kecamatan Cicendo
4.Kecamatan Andir
5.Kecamatan Cidadap
6.Kecamatan Coblong
7.Kecamatan Bandung
Wetan
8.Kecamatan Sumur
Bandung
9.Kecamatan Cibeunying
Kaler
10.Kecamatan Cibeunying
Kidul
11.Kecamatan Kiara
Condong
12.Kecamatan Batununggal
13.Kecamatan Lengkong
14.Kecamatan Regol
15.Kecamatan Astana Anyar
16.Kecamatan Bojongloa
Kaler
17.Kecamatan Bojongloa
Kidul
18.Kecamatan BACIP
(Bababakan Ciparay)
19.Kecamatan Bandung
Kulon
20.Kecamatan Cicadas
21.Kecamatan Arcamanik
22.Kecamatan Ujungberung
23.Kecamatan Cibiru
24.Kecamatan Rancasari
25.Kecamatan Margacinta
26.Kecamatan Bandung
Kidul
IDUs
27,8
(3,8)
Age first time use drug
14,0
(SD)
(2,8)
Age first time inject (SD) 18 (3,1)
Years of injecting in life 7,1 (3,8)
time (SD)
Gender
Male (%)
194 (92)
Female (%)
16 (8)
Marital Status
Ever married (%)
91 (43)
Never married (%)
119 (57)
Education
Junior high school or
12 (6)
under (%)
Senior high school (%)
164 (77)
Diploma or higher (%)
34 (17)
37% of all IDUs have ever had serious thought of committing
suicide
More than 50% of those who had serious thought attempted
suicide
Only 26 IDUs (16%) of those who have ever had psychiatric
problems, sought for help for their psychological problems
Conclusi
on
•
High psychological problems among IDUs
•Further research on contributing factors to psychological
help seeking behavior is needed
•Providing information about psychological problems and
their treatment is required by IDUs
•Those who deliver addiction care have to be aware of
psychiatric
co-morbidity
•Addressing psychological problems in the general
community probably can reduce the chance to become a
Acknowledgments
drug
user
We
would
like to thank Prof. Cissy B. Sudjana Prawira, Director of Hasan
Sadikin General Hospital, and Prof. Eri Surahman, Dean of the Medical
Faculty Padjadjaran University for encouraging and accommodating research
in their institutions. Municipal Health Department, the interviewers, staffs
and ORC from Salam Primary Health Center. Rumah Cemara, Bahtera, PKBI,
and Grapiks are thanked for their valuable help
IMPACT (5-year program
for
HIV care and drug addiction
in
A.J.A.M. Van der Ven3, C.A.J. de Jong5
1Padjajaran University/ Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, 2IMPACT (Integrated
Management for Prevention Control and Treatment of HIV-AIDS), Health Research Unit,
Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University / Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
4
Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA); Nijmegen, the Netherlands
3
Introduct
ion
• Most common view was that drug addicts are weak
and/ or bad people unwilling to control their
behavior
• Addictive drugs affect the brain circuity controlling
the motivated and learned behavior
• Some of drug users start using drug to “cure” their
psychological problems
• Psychiatric disorders and addiction are often
dubbed
‘dual
disorders’.
Objective
Results
(2)
Living Area
2
Bandung City
1
PKM Salam
(interview
place)
31
16
10
2
5
7
16
7
11
6
3
1
5
4
17
4
To explore the common psychological problems
among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bandung,
West Java, Indonesia a better understanding of
these co-morbidities may contribute to the design
of specifically tailored programs
Metho
ds
10
5
3
7
4
1
3
3
1
11
2
Interview
Center
Results
(3)
Screening,
informed
consent
Get a
coupon
Int
erv
Free
iew
coup
Free HIV, HBV,
HCV, Syphilis
Test
HIV (+)
3
Syphilis
(+)
Free CD4
test &
Chest XFree ARV
ray
treatment
on
for
Reward & free
2
coupons for
testi
recruiting other
ng
IDUs
Free Syphilis
Treatment
New
respondents
Characteristics of IDUs
(n=210)
Characteristics
Age (SD)
Psychological problems
among IDUs
in life time days (N = 210)
Payment for
recruiting other
IDUs
This process (respondent driven
sampling) is continued until the number
of IDUs recruited reach 210
Results
(1)
Psychological problems
among IDUs
in the last 30 days (N = 210)
Notes :
1.Kecamatan Sukasari
2.Kecamatan Sukajadi
3.Kecamatan Cicendo
4.Kecamatan Andir
5.Kecamatan Cidadap
6.Kecamatan Coblong
7.Kecamatan Bandung
Wetan
8.Kecamatan Sumur
Bandung
9.Kecamatan Cibeunying
Kaler
10.Kecamatan Cibeunying
Kidul
11.Kecamatan Kiara
Condong
12.Kecamatan Batununggal
13.Kecamatan Lengkong
14.Kecamatan Regol
15.Kecamatan Astana Anyar
16.Kecamatan Bojongloa
Kaler
17.Kecamatan Bojongloa
Kidul
18.Kecamatan BACIP
(Bababakan Ciparay)
19.Kecamatan Bandung
Kulon
20.Kecamatan Cicadas
21.Kecamatan Arcamanik
22.Kecamatan Ujungberung
23.Kecamatan Cibiru
24.Kecamatan Rancasari
25.Kecamatan Margacinta
26.Kecamatan Bandung
Kidul
IDUs
27,8
(3,8)
Age first time use drug
14,0
(SD)
(2,8)
Age first time inject (SD) 18 (3,1)
Years of injecting in life 7,1 (3,8)
time (SD)
Gender
Male (%)
194 (92)
Female (%)
16 (8)
Marital Status
Ever married (%)
91 (43)
Never married (%)
119 (57)
Education
Junior high school or
12 (6)
under (%)
Senior high school (%)
164 (77)
Diploma or higher (%)
34 (17)
37% of all IDUs have ever had serious thought of committing
suicide
More than 50% of those who had serious thought attempted
suicide
Only 26 IDUs (16%) of those who have ever had psychiatric
problems, sought for help for their psychological problems
Conclusi
on
•
High psychological problems among IDUs
•Further research on contributing factors to psychological
help seeking behavior is needed
•Providing information about psychological problems and
their treatment is required by IDUs
•Those who deliver addiction care have to be aware of
psychiatric
co-morbidity
•Addressing psychological problems in the general
community probably can reduce the chance to become a
Acknowledgments
drug
user
We
would
like to thank Prof. Cissy B. Sudjana Prawira, Director of Hasan
Sadikin General Hospital, and Prof. Eri Surahman, Dean of the Medical
Faculty Padjadjaran University for encouraging and accommodating research
in their institutions. Municipal Health Department, the interviewers, staffs
and ORC from Salam Primary Health Center. Rumah Cemara, Bahtera, PKBI,
and Grapiks are thanked for their valuable help
IMPACT (5-year program
for
HIV care and drug addiction
in