Minggu 3 Different Path
Different Paths
Followed by the Two
Koreas
Night Image of the Two Koreas
After Five Decades
North Korea
North Korea
• Communist system
• The world most isolated regime
& economic backwardness
• Dictatorship and human rights
issues
• Nuclear development &
‘military-first policy’
“Juche” (Self Reliance) Ideology:
• Symbolizes autonomy or identity in ideology, ind
ependence in politics, self-sufficiency in econom
y and reliance on Korea’s own forces in national
defense.
• Characteristics of North Korean system:
- Acceptance of hereditary succession of power
- Most militarized country among communist
countries
- Anti-American education
South Korea
South Korea
One of the most successful postwar
economic
and political development cases
• 12th largest economy (member of OECD)
• 12th largest trading country
• 11th in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)
• 1st in university enrollment
• 1st in broadband penetration (90% of
households)
• Fully democratized political system
IDEOLOGY
• Right/Conservative
• Left/Progressive
– Development
– Democracy
• Mobilization
• Anti-authoritari
– Anti-Communis
anism
m
– Nationalism
•S.Korean Stat
• Reconciliation
e
w/ NK
– Capital (e.g.Cha
– Labor (Minjung)
ebol)
2007 Election
• Lee Myung-bak: Conserv
ative GNP
– 48.7%
– 11.49 million votes
• Chung Dong-young: UND
P
– 26.2%
– 6.17 million votes
• Lee Hoe-chang: Ultra-Co
nservative Independent
– 15.6%
Recent Developments in
Inter-Korean Relations
Inter-Korea Agreements &
Documents, 1953-Present
• Total 92 agreements & documents:
– 1953: Armistice Agreement
– 1972: Inter-Korean Joint Communique
– 1991-1992 (11 on Inter-Korean Basic
Agreement)
– 1994-1997 (9 on DPRK-US Agreed Fra
mework-related)
– 2000-2004-2007 (69+1 since the Su
mmit in 2000)
South Korea’s Policy Towards
North Korea
• From confrontation to reconciliation
• Engagement policy of North Korea
during the last decade
·
·
·
·
dialogue and cooperation
confidence building
peaceful coexistence
prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast
Asia
• Peaceful and gradual process of
unification
Sunshine Policy
Principles:
1) Not allow any armed provocation
hampering peace on the
peninsula
2) Don’t absorb North Korea
3) Push reconciliation and
cooperation with North beginning
with those areas which can be
most easily agreed upon
Sunshine Policy
• Engagement Policy
• Reconciliation and Cooperation
• Peaceful co-existence not unification
• Dialog and Deterrence
• Separation of Economics and Politics
• Promote peace and mutual prosperit
y instead of inciting mutual enmity a
nd conflict
Inter-Korean Relations
• Humanitarian assistance
· South Korea is the biggest donor county to the
North
• People’s exchanges
· In 2005, 88,000 South Koreans visited the North
(more than the total number of visitors during t
he
previous five decades)
· 1.5m South Korean tourists to Mt. Geumgang si
nce
1998
SK Government Aid to North Korea,
1995-2004
Year
Aid Amount (USD) Note
1995
232,000,000
Rice (150,000 MT) direct
1996
3,050,000
Grain, P milk via UN
1997
26,670,000
Grain, P milk via UN
1998
11,000,000 Grain, flour via UN
1999
28,250,000 Fertilizer - direct
2000
78,630,000 Fertilizer – direct
2001
70,450,000 Fertilizer, grain, underwear, medicine –
D
2002
83,750,000 Fertilizer, grain, med – Direct
2003
87,020,000 Med, cash (Unicef), fertilizer, grain -D
2004
740,000
Yongchon ER supplies, medicine
s, etc.-D
SK NGO Aid to North Korea, ’95-’04
Year
Aid
amount
Note
9/95-5/97
4,960,000 Food, blanket-via IFRC
6/97-7/97
8,500,000 Food, fertilizer-Korean RC
8/9710/97
8,900,000 Food, vitamins-KRC
3/98
170,000
Fertilizer (800 mt)-KRC
4/98-6/98
9,350,000 Food, potato,socks–KRC
9/9812/98
11,330,00 Corn, cows; NGO-food
0
1999
18,630,00 Indep (10 NGOs)- diverse KRC (2
4 NGOs) -food, clothing, med
0
2000
35,130,00 Independ (13 NGOs); KRC (16
0
NGOs)
2001
64,940,00 Indep (19 NGOs); KRC ($238,
0
333)
Economic Cooperation
Economic cooperation:
• Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion
USD (South Korea has become the 2nd l
argest trading partner of the North with
in a decade)
* North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion USD
• Gaeseong Industrial Complex :
a collaborative project
Gaeseong, the city next to the DMZ
Inter-Korean Summit Meetings (2000,
2007)
• Major results of the 2007 Summit:
(Peace building)
· cooperation on denuclearization and establishment of a p
eace regime
· reduction of military tension and the holding of a defense
ministers’
meeting
· holding Prime Minister’s meeting
(Economic cooperation)
· creating a Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the We
st Sea
· constructing ship-building complexes and repairing roads
· expanding Gaeseong Industrial Complex
(Reconciliation)
· expanding the reunion of separated families
· promoting exchanges and cooperation in social and cultu
ral areas
North Korean Nuclear Issue
• 6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China,
Russia
• Progress:
(North Korea’s action to be taken by the end of
2007)
· disable key nuclear facilities
· provide a complete and correct declaration of all its
nuclear programs
(Other Six Party’s action)
· economic and energy assistance up to the equivalent
of
1 million tons of heavy fuel oil
· discuss normalization of US-North Korea relations,
Japan-North Korea relations
(Future course of action)
· hold a Six Party Ministerial Meeting
· dismantle North Korea’s nuclear facilities
•Long-term Goals
· to establish a permanent
peace
regime on the Korean
Peninsula
· to develop a multilateral
security
forum in Northeast Asia
Followed by the Two
Koreas
Night Image of the Two Koreas
After Five Decades
North Korea
North Korea
• Communist system
• The world most isolated regime
& economic backwardness
• Dictatorship and human rights
issues
• Nuclear development &
‘military-first policy’
“Juche” (Self Reliance) Ideology:
• Symbolizes autonomy or identity in ideology, ind
ependence in politics, self-sufficiency in econom
y and reliance on Korea’s own forces in national
defense.
• Characteristics of North Korean system:
- Acceptance of hereditary succession of power
- Most militarized country among communist
countries
- Anti-American education
South Korea
South Korea
One of the most successful postwar
economic
and political development cases
• 12th largest economy (member of OECD)
• 12th largest trading country
• 11th in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)
• 1st in university enrollment
• 1st in broadband penetration (90% of
households)
• Fully democratized political system
IDEOLOGY
• Right/Conservative
• Left/Progressive
– Development
– Democracy
• Mobilization
• Anti-authoritari
– Anti-Communis
anism
m
– Nationalism
•S.Korean Stat
• Reconciliation
e
w/ NK
– Capital (e.g.Cha
– Labor (Minjung)
ebol)
2007 Election
• Lee Myung-bak: Conserv
ative GNP
– 48.7%
– 11.49 million votes
• Chung Dong-young: UND
P
– 26.2%
– 6.17 million votes
• Lee Hoe-chang: Ultra-Co
nservative Independent
– 15.6%
Recent Developments in
Inter-Korean Relations
Inter-Korea Agreements &
Documents, 1953-Present
• Total 92 agreements & documents:
– 1953: Armistice Agreement
– 1972: Inter-Korean Joint Communique
– 1991-1992 (11 on Inter-Korean Basic
Agreement)
– 1994-1997 (9 on DPRK-US Agreed Fra
mework-related)
– 2000-2004-2007 (69+1 since the Su
mmit in 2000)
South Korea’s Policy Towards
North Korea
• From confrontation to reconciliation
• Engagement policy of North Korea
during the last decade
·
·
·
·
dialogue and cooperation
confidence building
peaceful coexistence
prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast
Asia
• Peaceful and gradual process of
unification
Sunshine Policy
Principles:
1) Not allow any armed provocation
hampering peace on the
peninsula
2) Don’t absorb North Korea
3) Push reconciliation and
cooperation with North beginning
with those areas which can be
most easily agreed upon
Sunshine Policy
• Engagement Policy
• Reconciliation and Cooperation
• Peaceful co-existence not unification
• Dialog and Deterrence
• Separation of Economics and Politics
• Promote peace and mutual prosperit
y instead of inciting mutual enmity a
nd conflict
Inter-Korean Relations
• Humanitarian assistance
· South Korea is the biggest donor county to the
North
• People’s exchanges
· In 2005, 88,000 South Koreans visited the North
(more than the total number of visitors during t
he
previous five decades)
· 1.5m South Korean tourists to Mt. Geumgang si
nce
1998
SK Government Aid to North Korea,
1995-2004
Year
Aid Amount (USD) Note
1995
232,000,000
Rice (150,000 MT) direct
1996
3,050,000
Grain, P milk via UN
1997
26,670,000
Grain, P milk via UN
1998
11,000,000 Grain, flour via UN
1999
28,250,000 Fertilizer - direct
2000
78,630,000 Fertilizer – direct
2001
70,450,000 Fertilizer, grain, underwear, medicine –
D
2002
83,750,000 Fertilizer, grain, med – Direct
2003
87,020,000 Med, cash (Unicef), fertilizer, grain -D
2004
740,000
Yongchon ER supplies, medicine
s, etc.-D
SK NGO Aid to North Korea, ’95-’04
Year
Aid
amount
Note
9/95-5/97
4,960,000 Food, blanket-via IFRC
6/97-7/97
8,500,000 Food, fertilizer-Korean RC
8/9710/97
8,900,000 Food, vitamins-KRC
3/98
170,000
Fertilizer (800 mt)-KRC
4/98-6/98
9,350,000 Food, potato,socks–KRC
9/9812/98
11,330,00 Corn, cows; NGO-food
0
1999
18,630,00 Indep (10 NGOs)- diverse KRC (2
4 NGOs) -food, clothing, med
0
2000
35,130,00 Independ (13 NGOs); KRC (16
0
NGOs)
2001
64,940,00 Indep (19 NGOs); KRC ($238,
0
333)
Economic Cooperation
Economic cooperation:
• Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion
USD (South Korea has become the 2nd l
argest trading partner of the North with
in a decade)
* North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion USD
• Gaeseong Industrial Complex :
a collaborative project
Gaeseong, the city next to the DMZ
Inter-Korean Summit Meetings (2000,
2007)
• Major results of the 2007 Summit:
(Peace building)
· cooperation on denuclearization and establishment of a p
eace regime
· reduction of military tension and the holding of a defense
ministers’
meeting
· holding Prime Minister’s meeting
(Economic cooperation)
· creating a Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the We
st Sea
· constructing ship-building complexes and repairing roads
· expanding Gaeseong Industrial Complex
(Reconciliation)
· expanding the reunion of separated families
· promoting exchanges and cooperation in social and cultu
ral areas
North Korean Nuclear Issue
• 6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China,
Russia
• Progress:
(North Korea’s action to be taken by the end of
2007)
· disable key nuclear facilities
· provide a complete and correct declaration of all its
nuclear programs
(Other Six Party’s action)
· economic and energy assistance up to the equivalent
of
1 million tons of heavy fuel oil
· discuss normalization of US-North Korea relations,
Japan-North Korea relations
(Future course of action)
· hold a Six Party Ministerial Meeting
· dismantle North Korea’s nuclear facilities
•Long-term Goals
· to establish a permanent
peace
regime on the Korean
Peninsula
· to develop a multilateral
security
forum in Northeast Asia