T PD 1302511 Table of content

DAFTAR ISI
Halaman

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .................................................................. i
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH.................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................. vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................... vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 7
C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................ 8
D. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 9
E. Definisi Operasional Variabel ..................................................... 10
BAB II STUDI PUSTAKA ..............................................................11
A. Pendekatan Matematika Realistik ............................................... 11
1. Sejarah Matematika Realistik ... ........................................... 11
2. Pengertian Pendekatan Matematika Realistik ....................... 13

3. Prinsip-prinsip Pendekatan Matematika Realistik ................ 14
4. Karakteristik Pendekatan Matematika Realistik ................... 16
5. Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik ......... 20
B. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ...................................................... 22
1. Pengertian Berpikir Kreatif ................................................... 22
2. Indikator Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ................................ 25
C. Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ................................................ 28
1. Pengertian Koneksi Matematis ............................................. 28

Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2. Indikator kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........................... 32

D. Teori Belajar-Mengajar Matematika Sekolah dasar ................... 33
1. Teori Konstruktivisme .......................................................... 33
2. Teori Perkembangan Mental Piaget ...................................... 34
3. Teori Bruner .......................................................................... 37

4. Teori Ausubel ........................................................................ 39
5. Teori Gagne........................................................................... 40
E. Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan .................................................... 40
F. Hipotesis Penelitian..................................................................... 44
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................45
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian..................................................... 45
1. Metode Penelitian.................................................................. 45
2. Desain Penelitian ................................................................... 46
B. Subjek Penelitian......................................................................... 47
1. Populasi ................................................................................. 47
2. Sampel ................................................................................... 48
C. Instrumen Penelitian.................................................................... 49
1. Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Koneksi
Matematis .............................................................................. 49
a. Validitas Instrumen ......................................................... 51
b. Reliabilitas ...................................................................... 53
c. Tingkat Kesukaran .......................................................... 54
d. Daya Pembeda................................................................. 56
2. Instrumen Non tes ................................................................. 57
a. Skala Sikap/Angket ......................................................... 57

b. Observasi ......................................................................... 58
c. Catatan Lapangan ............................................................ 61
D. Prosedur Penelitian...................................................................... 61
Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

1. Tahap Persiapan .................................................................... 61
2. Tahap Pelaksanaan ................................................................ 62
3. Tahap Pengolahan Data......................................................... 62
E. Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ........................................ 64
1. Data Kuantitatif ..................................................................... 65
a. Uji Normalitas ................................................................. 65
b. Uji Homogenitas ............................................................. 65
c. Uji Homogenitas ............................................................. 65
d. Uji Perbedaan Rata-Rata ................................................. 66
e. Uji Data Gain .................................................................. 67
2. Data Kualitatif ....................................................................... 68
a. Lembar Observasi ........................................................... 68

b. Angket/Skala Sikap ......................................................... 69
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................... 70
A. Analisis Hasil Penelitian ............................................................. 70
1. Analisis Data Kuantitatif ....................................................... 70
a. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis ........................ 70
b. Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................... 89
2. Analisis Data Kualitatif ......................................................... 104
a. Analisis Data Angket Siswa ............................................ 104
b. Analisis Observasi ........................................................... 117
c. Analisis Catatan Lapangan .............................................. 124
B. Analisis Data Proses Pembelajaran ............................................. 128
1. Proses Pembelajaran di Kelas Eksperimen ........................... 128
2. Proses Pembelajaran di Kelas Kontrol .................................. 132
C. Temuan dan Pembahasan ............................................................ 133
D. Rangkuman Uji Hipotesis ........................................................... 143
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................150
A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 150
Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

B. Saran ............................................................................................ 151
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 152
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................... 158
RIWAYAT HIDUP .........................................................................317
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
2.1 Penjumlahan bilangan Ganjil dan Genap ................................................... 13
2.2 Indikator Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis ................................. 18
3.1 Data Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri ........................................................... 48
3.2 Interprestasi Koefisien Korelasi ............................................................... 52
3.3 Hasil Uji Korelasi Tiap Butir Soal ........................................................... 52
3.4 Interprestasi Koefisien ............................................................................. 53
3.5 Interprestasi Korelasi .............................................................................. 54
3.6 Hasil Perhitungan Reliabilitas Uji Coba Soal .......................................... 54
3.7 Klasifikasi Indeks kesukaran.................................................................... 55
3.8 Tingkat Kesukaran Instrumen Tes ........................................................... 55
3.9 Klasifikasi Daya Pembeda ....................................................................... 56

3.10 Daya Pembeda Butir Soal ........................................................................ 57
3.11 Kriteria Indeks Gain ................................................................................. 68
3.12 Ketentuan Pemberian Skor Pernyataan Angket ....................................... 69
4.1 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Pre-test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ............. 71
4.2 Uji Normalitas Skor Pre-test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif.................... 73
4.3 Uji Homogenitas Skor Pre-test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ................ 74
4.4 Uji t Skor Pre-test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis .................. 75
4.5 Statistik Deskriptif Post-test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif .................... 77
4.6 Uji Normalitas Data Post-test Kemampuan berpikir Kreatif .................. 78
4.7 Uji Homogenitas Skor Post-test Kemampuan berpikir Kreatif .............. 79
4.8 Hasil Uji t Skor Post-test Kemampuan berpikir Kreatif .......................... 80
4.9 Hasil Perhitungan N-Gain kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ............ 83
Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

4.10 Hasil Uji Normalitas Data N-Gain Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif........... 86
4.11 Uji Homogenitas N-Gain Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ....................... 88
4.12 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Pre-test Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis....... 83

4.13 Uji Normalitas Data Pre-test Kemampuan Koneksi ................................ 90
4.14 Analisis Uji Mann-Whitney Data Pre-test Kemampuan Koneksi ............ 92
4.15 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Post-test Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 92
4.16 Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Post-test Kemampuan Koneksi ..................... 94
4.17 Analisis Uji U Pada data Post-test Kemampuan Koneksi........................ 95
4.18 Hasil Perhitungan N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi Kedua Kelas ............... 99
4.19 Statistik deskriptif Skor N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi ........................... 100
4.20 Uji Normalitas Skor N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi ................................ 101
4.21 Uji Homogenitas Skor N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi ............................. 102
4.22 Uji t' Skor N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi ................................................ 103
4.23 Persentase dan Rata-rata Jawaban Positif Angket Siswa ......................... 105
4.24 Persentase dan Rata-rata Jawaban Negatif Angket Siswa ....................... 111
4.25 Jadwal Penelitian Matematika Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ..... 117
4.26 Persentase dan Rata-rata Skor Kinerja Guru Kelas Eksperimen ............. 118
4.27 Persentase dan Rata-rata Skor Kinerja Guru Kelas Kontrol .................... 119
4.28 Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa di Kelas Eksperimen ............................ 121
4.29 Hasil Observasi aktivitas Siswa di Kelas Kontrol ................................... 121
4.30 Catatan Lapangan di Kelas Eksperimen ................................................. 125
4.31 Catatan Lapangan di Kelas Kontrol ........................................................ 126
4.32 Rangkuman Uji Hipotesis ...................................................................... 143


Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar

Halaman

3.1 Prosedur Penelitian..................................................................................... ....63
3.2 Kaidah Uji Dua Pihak Dari Dua Sampel.................................................... ....64
4.1 Rata-rata Skor Pre-test dan Post-test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif..............81
4.2 Hasil perhitungan N-Gain kelas Eksperimen ............................................. ....84
4.3 Hasil perhitungan N-Gain kelas Kontrol ................................................... ....84
4.4 Rata-rata Skor Pre-test dan Post-test kemampuan Koneksi Kedua Kelas . ....90
4.5 Hasil Perhitungan N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi Kelas Eksperimen ........ ....92
4.6 Hasil Perhitungan N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi Kelas Kontrol .............. ... 92
4.7 Rata-rata Pernyataan Positif dan Negatif Angket .................................... ...116

4.8 Perbedaan Rata-rata Nilai Kinerja Guru dan Aktivitas Siswa ................... ...124

Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran 1. RPP............................................................................................ 158
Lampiran 2. Instrumen Tes .......................................................................... 231
Lampiran 3. Instrumen Non Tes .................................................................. 261
Lampiran 4. Dokumentasi ............................................................................. 293
Lampiran 5. Surat-surat................................................................................ 316

Durachman, 2015
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR
KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu