Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Tifus Abdominalis Di Kota Sibolga Tahun 2015
ABSTRAK
Penyakit menular masih merupakan masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat
Indonesia. Berdasarkan data kasus di rumah sakit besar di Indonesia, penyakit Tifus
Abdominalis menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dengan
rata-rata kesakitan 500/100.000 penduduk. Prevalensi Tifus Abdominalis di Provinsi
Sumatera Utara sebesar 900/100.000 penduduk dan di Kota Sibolga sebesar
600/100.000 penduduk.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi analitik desain studi kasus kontrol dengan
populasi kasus sebanyak 879 orang dan populasi kontrol sebanyak 86.166 orang.
Besar sampel dihitung berdasarkan rumus sampel kasus kontrol Sastroasmoro dan
Ismael (2013) sebanyak 176 orang yaitu 88 kasus dan 88 kontrol. Metode analisa data
dengan cara analisis univariat, analisis bivariat (Chi-Square), dan analisis multivariat
(regresi logistik berganda) pada taraf signifikansi 95%.
Hasil analisis bivariat terdapat 7 variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu
mencuci tangan, higiene makanan dan minuman, penyediaan air bersih, penyediaan
jamban keluarga, sarana pembuangan air limbah, sarana pembuangan sampah, dan
kebiasaan makan di luar rumah. Hasil analisis dengan regresi logistik terdapat 4
variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kejadian Tifus Abdominalis
yaitu higiene makanan dan minuman (OR=22,280; CI 95%=7,156-69,370),
penyediaan air bersih (OR=9,215; CI 95%=2,995-28,347), penyediaan jamban
keluarga (OR=21,204; CI 95%=6,561-68,527) dan kebiasaan makan diluar rumah
(OR=7,544; CI 95%=2,699-21,082). Variabel yang paling dominan adalah higiene
makanan dan minuman.
Disarankan kepada responden hendaknya tetap memperhatikan mencuci
tangan, higiene makanan dan minuman, penyediaan air bersih, penyediaan jamban
keluarga, sarana pembuangan air limbah, sarana pembuangan sampah/tempat sampah,
dan kebiasaan makan diluar rumah agar terhindar dari penyakit tifus abdominalis.
Kata Kunci : Higiene, Sanitasi dan Tifus Abdominalis
ABSTRACT
Transmitted disease is still the main public health problem in Indonesia. In
2000 estimated more than 2,16 million had abdominal typhus sufferer in various of
all sorts of the world. Based on the data of great hospital in Indonesia the abdominal
typhus show that the inclined rising from year by year with sickness average is about
500 per 100000 of residents. The data from Ferdinand Lumbantobing hospital in
2014 had got the abdominal typhus case was 193 cases and in Metta Medika hospital
as many as 224 cases.
The research was an analytic study with case control design. The samples
were 176 respondents who were affected by abdominal typhus (88 cases)and who
were not affecte (88 control). The data were gathered by using analyzed by using
univatriate analysis, bivatriate analysis with chi square test, and multivatriate
analysis with multiple logistic regression tests at significant level of 95%.
The result of bivariat analysis show that 7 independent variables had
significant influences with the abdominal typhus (washing hands, food and drink
hygiene, clean water supply, family latrines, sewage facility, garbage dump/trash
cans facility, and the habit of having meals outside). The result of multivariate with
regression analyisis showed that 4 variables (food and drink hygiene at OR=22,280;
CI 95%=7,156-69,370,clean water supply at OR=9,215; CI 95%=2,995-28,347,
family latrines at OR=21,204; CI 95%=6,561-68,527, and the habit of having meals
outside at OR=7,544; CI 95%=2,699-21,082). The variable which had the most
dominant influence was the variable of food and drink hygiene.
It is recommended that respondents pay attention to washing hands, food and
drink hygiene, clean water supply, family latrines, sewage facility, garbage
dump/trash cans facility, and the habit of having meals outside in order to prevent
from abdominal typhus.
Keywords: Hygiene, Sanitation, and Abdominal Typhus
Penyakit menular masih merupakan masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat
Indonesia. Berdasarkan data kasus di rumah sakit besar di Indonesia, penyakit Tifus
Abdominalis menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dengan
rata-rata kesakitan 500/100.000 penduduk. Prevalensi Tifus Abdominalis di Provinsi
Sumatera Utara sebesar 900/100.000 penduduk dan di Kota Sibolga sebesar
600/100.000 penduduk.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi analitik desain studi kasus kontrol dengan
populasi kasus sebanyak 879 orang dan populasi kontrol sebanyak 86.166 orang.
Besar sampel dihitung berdasarkan rumus sampel kasus kontrol Sastroasmoro dan
Ismael (2013) sebanyak 176 orang yaitu 88 kasus dan 88 kontrol. Metode analisa data
dengan cara analisis univariat, analisis bivariat (Chi-Square), dan analisis multivariat
(regresi logistik berganda) pada taraf signifikansi 95%.
Hasil analisis bivariat terdapat 7 variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu
mencuci tangan, higiene makanan dan minuman, penyediaan air bersih, penyediaan
jamban keluarga, sarana pembuangan air limbah, sarana pembuangan sampah, dan
kebiasaan makan di luar rumah. Hasil analisis dengan regresi logistik terdapat 4
variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kejadian Tifus Abdominalis
yaitu higiene makanan dan minuman (OR=22,280; CI 95%=7,156-69,370),
penyediaan air bersih (OR=9,215; CI 95%=2,995-28,347), penyediaan jamban
keluarga (OR=21,204; CI 95%=6,561-68,527) dan kebiasaan makan diluar rumah
(OR=7,544; CI 95%=2,699-21,082). Variabel yang paling dominan adalah higiene
makanan dan minuman.
Disarankan kepada responden hendaknya tetap memperhatikan mencuci
tangan, higiene makanan dan minuman, penyediaan air bersih, penyediaan jamban
keluarga, sarana pembuangan air limbah, sarana pembuangan sampah/tempat sampah,
dan kebiasaan makan diluar rumah agar terhindar dari penyakit tifus abdominalis.
Kata Kunci : Higiene, Sanitasi dan Tifus Abdominalis
ABSTRACT
Transmitted disease is still the main public health problem in Indonesia. In
2000 estimated more than 2,16 million had abdominal typhus sufferer in various of
all sorts of the world. Based on the data of great hospital in Indonesia the abdominal
typhus show that the inclined rising from year by year with sickness average is about
500 per 100000 of residents. The data from Ferdinand Lumbantobing hospital in
2014 had got the abdominal typhus case was 193 cases and in Metta Medika hospital
as many as 224 cases.
The research was an analytic study with case control design. The samples
were 176 respondents who were affected by abdominal typhus (88 cases)and who
were not affecte (88 control). The data were gathered by using analyzed by using
univatriate analysis, bivatriate analysis with chi square test, and multivatriate
analysis with multiple logistic regression tests at significant level of 95%.
The result of bivariat analysis show that 7 independent variables had
significant influences with the abdominal typhus (washing hands, food and drink
hygiene, clean water supply, family latrines, sewage facility, garbage dump/trash
cans facility, and the habit of having meals outside). The result of multivariate with
regression analyisis showed that 4 variables (food and drink hygiene at OR=22,280;
CI 95%=7,156-69,370,clean water supply at OR=9,215; CI 95%=2,995-28,347,
family latrines at OR=21,204; CI 95%=6,561-68,527, and the habit of having meals
outside at OR=7,544; CI 95%=2,699-21,082). The variable which had the most
dominant influence was the variable of food and drink hygiene.
It is recommended that respondents pay attention to washing hands, food and
drink hygiene, clean water supply, family latrines, sewage facility, garbage
dump/trash cans facility, and the habit of having meals outside in order to prevent
from abdominal typhus.
Keywords: Hygiene, Sanitation, and Abdominal Typhus