REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWN NOVEL (2008): A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE Revenge Reflected In John Greens Paper Town Novel (2008): A Behaviorist Perpsective.
REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWN NOVEL (2008):
A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
EMIK TRI SAFITRI
A 320120264
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
APPROVAL
REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWN NOVEL
(2008):
A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
EMIK TRI SAFITRI
A 320120264
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant:
Consultant
(Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum. M. Ed)
NIK.772
ii
ACCEPTANCE
REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWN NOVEL
(2008):
A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE
by
EMIK TRI SAFITRI
A 320120264
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiner:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed (
)
(First Examiner)
2. Abdillah Nugroho Drs., M.Hum
(
)
(
)
(Second Examiner)
3. Yeny Prastiwi, S.P.d., M.hum., Ph. D
(Third Examiner)
Surakarta, October 7, 2016
Muhammadiyah University
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun DJoko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP. 1965042813199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
I am as the researcher, signed on the statement below:
Name
: EMIK TRI SAFITRI
NIM
: A320120264
Study Program
: Departement of English Education
Tittle
: Revenge in John Green’s Paper Towns Novel
(2008): Behaviorist Perspective
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism
of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor
degrees of university. Nor there are option or masterpiece which have been
written or published by others, except those in which the writing are
refered manuscript and mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is poven that there are some untrue statements in
this testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, October 7, 2016
The Researcher,
Materai Rp.
6.000,-
Emik Tri Safitri
A320120264
iv
MOTTO
A person who never makes a mistake never tried anything new.
(Albert Einstein)
You can never quit, winner never quick and quitters never win.
(Ted Tunner)
First they ignore you. Then they laugh at you. Then they fight you.
Then you win.
(Mahatma Gandhi)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicate my research paper to my beloved family and friends. A special
feeling and gratitude to my beloved parents, Suparman and Tini, their supports
in advices and financial which always make me never want to disenchant them
both. My lovely sister and brother, Sri Rahayu and Budi Santoso, who never
stop to support in each of my condition and they both are very special.
I dedicate this research paper and give special thanks to my gorgeous
best partner, Edi Santoso. Moreover, my beloved friend in English Education
Department 2012.
The Researcher
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’allaikumWr. Wb
Alkhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her researcher
paper entitled REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWNS
NOVEL (2008): A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE. In conducting this
research, the researcher got some helps from many people. On this best occasion,
the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, Head of English Department on Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently
guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and
give the researcher nice suggestion,
4. Azhari. S.S, as the academic consultant who has given the researcher guidance
as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
5. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
6. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Suparman and Tini), their spirit and
their reason to be best in everything, thanks for ever over love, prayer, support
(moral and material), motivation, and everything during their life, she will
always pray that in the nest world the best heaven will belong to them,
7. Her dear, Edi Santoso, who has given love, care, prayers and support. Thanks
for everything. Thanks for every laughs, smiles, fights, and happiness,
8. Her close friend, Dewi Anggraini who have given support, care and prayer.
Love u Tung!
vii
9. Her beloved friends, Fitria Astriyani, Purwanti Puji Astuti, Afita Wulandari,
Desy Ayuningtyas, Hana Nur Hidayah, they used to be together and the
memory will always be in our hearts. Thanks for the time that they ever shared
together. Keep in touch guys! Love all of you a lot!,
10. Her PPL friends, Yuni Hafsari, Devita Lizhar, Reno Ahmad, Ipung Purbo,
Nurma Kosasih, Rejeki Langgeng Utami, Ridwan, Muhammad hanif.
11. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research.
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticism are welcome and accepted, She hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, Oct 7, 2016
The Researcher,
Emik Tri Safitri
A 320120264
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY........................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... ix
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1
B. Previous Studies ....................................................................... 5
C. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 5
E. Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 5
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 6
G. Research Method ...................................................................... 6
H. Research Organization ............................................................. 8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................... 9
A. Notion of Behaviorism ............................................................. 9
B. The Basic Assumptions of Behaviorism .................................. 10
C. Revenge .................................................................................... 12
D. Structural Elements of the Novel ............................................. 14
E. Theoretical Application ........................................................... 18
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..................................................... 19
A. Structural Elements of the novel .............................................. 19
1. Characters and Characterizations ........................................ 19
2. Setting .................................................................................. 30
ix
a. Setting of Place ................................................................ 31
b. Setting of Time ................................................................ 45
3. Plot ....................................................................................... 47
a. Exposition ........................................................................ 48
b. Conflict............................................................................. 48
c. Climax ............................................................................. 49
d. Resolution ....................................................................... 50
e. Causality .......................................................................... 50
f. Plausibility ....................................................................... 50
4. Point of View ....................................................................... 51
5. Style ...................................................................................... 51
a. Grammatical Structure ...................................................... 51
b. Sentence Contraction ........................................................ 52
c. Diction .............................................................................. 53
d. Figurative Language........................................................ 53
6. Theme ................................................................................... 55
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 56
CHAPTER IV: BEHAVIORIST ANALYSIS…………………………………...60
A. Behaviorist……………………………………………………60
B. Revenge………………………………………………………65
C. Discussion…………………………………………………….69
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL AND SUGGESTION ......... 72
A. Conclusion ............................................................................... 72
B. Suggestion ................................................................................ 73
C. Pedagogical Implication .......................................................... 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
SUMMARY
EMIK TRI SAFITRI. A320120264. REVENGE REFLCETD IN JOHN
GREEN’S PAPER TOWNS NOVEL (2008): A BEHAVIORIST
PERSPECTIVE. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October 7, 2016.
The major problem of this study is revenge. Being hurt sometimes makes
people angry. In this situation people will do anything to make them feel
happy.The objective of this study is to analyze this novel based on the Behaviorist
Perspective. The researcher employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data
sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source of the study is Paper
Towns novel by John Green. The secondary data of the study are taken from any
information related to the novel. The technique of the Data Analysis is the
descriptive qualitative research. Based on the analysis, the researcher gets some
conclusions. The study shows that the problem faced by the major character.
Revenge usually can be the best way for people, when they have purpose to take
revenge, they will make plans to do their revenge. They do not care whether it is
right or wrong.
Keywords: Paper Towns, revenge, behaviorist perspective.
xi
RINGKASAN
EMIK TRI SAFITRI. A320120264. BALAS DENDAM DALAM NOVEL
PAPER TOWNS KARYA JOHN GREEN (2008): PENDEKATAN
BEHAVIOR.
SKRIPSI.
FAKULTAS
KEGURUAN
DAN
ILMU
PENDIDIKAN. UNIVERSITAS MUHHAMDIYAH SURAKARTA, 7 Oktober,
2016.
Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah balas dendam. Terkadang
menyakiti hati seseorang akan membuat marah. Dalam situasi ini orang akan
melakukan apapun untuk membuat bahagia.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk menganalisis novel ini berdasarkan pendekatan behavior. Peneliti
menggunakan metode kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan dua sumber data: primer
dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari penelitian ini adalah novel Paper Towns
karya John Green. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari beberapa
informasi yang berhubungan dengan novel tersebut. Metode analisis data adalah
deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan pada analisis, peneliti mendapatkan beberapa
kesimpulan. Penelitian ini memunculkan masalah terhadap tokoh utama. Balas
dendam merupakan solusi bagus untuk beberapa orang, ketika mereka memiliki
tujaun balas dendam, mereka akan membuat rencana untuk pembalasan dendam.
Mereka tidak peduli bahwa itu benar atau salah.
Kata kunci: Paper Towns, Balas Dendam, Pendekatan behavior.
xii
A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
EMIK TRI SAFITRI
A 320120264
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
APPROVAL
REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWN NOVEL
(2008):
A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
EMIK TRI SAFITRI
A 320120264
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant:
Consultant
(Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum. M. Ed)
NIK.772
ii
ACCEPTANCE
REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWN NOVEL
(2008):
A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE
by
EMIK TRI SAFITRI
A 320120264
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiner:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed (
)
(First Examiner)
2. Abdillah Nugroho Drs., M.Hum
(
)
(
)
(Second Examiner)
3. Yeny Prastiwi, S.P.d., M.hum., Ph. D
(Third Examiner)
Surakarta, October 7, 2016
Muhammadiyah University
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun DJoko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP. 1965042813199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
I am as the researcher, signed on the statement below:
Name
: EMIK TRI SAFITRI
NIM
: A320120264
Study Program
: Departement of English Education
Tittle
: Revenge in John Green’s Paper Towns Novel
(2008): Behaviorist Perspective
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism
of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor
degrees of university. Nor there are option or masterpiece which have been
written or published by others, except those in which the writing are
refered manuscript and mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is poven that there are some untrue statements in
this testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, October 7, 2016
The Researcher,
Materai Rp.
6.000,-
Emik Tri Safitri
A320120264
iv
MOTTO
A person who never makes a mistake never tried anything new.
(Albert Einstein)
You can never quit, winner never quick and quitters never win.
(Ted Tunner)
First they ignore you. Then they laugh at you. Then they fight you.
Then you win.
(Mahatma Gandhi)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicate my research paper to my beloved family and friends. A special
feeling and gratitude to my beloved parents, Suparman and Tini, their supports
in advices and financial which always make me never want to disenchant them
both. My lovely sister and brother, Sri Rahayu and Budi Santoso, who never
stop to support in each of my condition and they both are very special.
I dedicate this research paper and give special thanks to my gorgeous
best partner, Edi Santoso. Moreover, my beloved friend in English Education
Department 2012.
The Researcher
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’allaikumWr. Wb
Alkhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her researcher
paper entitled REVENGE REFLECTED IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWNS
NOVEL (2008): A BEHAVIORIST PERPSECTIVE. In conducting this
research, the researcher got some helps from many people. On this best occasion,
the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, Head of English Department on Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently
guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and
give the researcher nice suggestion,
4. Azhari. S.S, as the academic consultant who has given the researcher guidance
as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
5. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
6. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Suparman and Tini), their spirit and
their reason to be best in everything, thanks for ever over love, prayer, support
(moral and material), motivation, and everything during their life, she will
always pray that in the nest world the best heaven will belong to them,
7. Her dear, Edi Santoso, who has given love, care, prayers and support. Thanks
for everything. Thanks for every laughs, smiles, fights, and happiness,
8. Her close friend, Dewi Anggraini who have given support, care and prayer.
Love u Tung!
vii
9. Her beloved friends, Fitria Astriyani, Purwanti Puji Astuti, Afita Wulandari,
Desy Ayuningtyas, Hana Nur Hidayah, they used to be together and the
memory will always be in our hearts. Thanks for the time that they ever shared
together. Keep in touch guys! Love all of you a lot!,
10. Her PPL friends, Yuni Hafsari, Devita Lizhar, Reno Ahmad, Ipung Purbo,
Nurma Kosasih, Rejeki Langgeng Utami, Ridwan, Muhammad hanif.
11. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research.
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticism are welcome and accepted, She hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, Oct 7, 2016
The Researcher,
Emik Tri Safitri
A 320120264
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY........................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... ix
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1
B. Previous Studies ....................................................................... 5
C. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 5
E. Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 5
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 6
G. Research Method ...................................................................... 6
H. Research Organization ............................................................. 8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................... 9
A. Notion of Behaviorism ............................................................. 9
B. The Basic Assumptions of Behaviorism .................................. 10
C. Revenge .................................................................................... 12
D. Structural Elements of the Novel ............................................. 14
E. Theoretical Application ........................................................... 18
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..................................................... 19
A. Structural Elements of the novel .............................................. 19
1. Characters and Characterizations ........................................ 19
2. Setting .................................................................................. 30
ix
a. Setting of Place ................................................................ 31
b. Setting of Time ................................................................ 45
3. Plot ....................................................................................... 47
a. Exposition ........................................................................ 48
b. Conflict............................................................................. 48
c. Climax ............................................................................. 49
d. Resolution ....................................................................... 50
e. Causality .......................................................................... 50
f. Plausibility ....................................................................... 50
4. Point of View ....................................................................... 51
5. Style ...................................................................................... 51
a. Grammatical Structure ...................................................... 51
b. Sentence Contraction ........................................................ 52
c. Diction .............................................................................. 53
d. Figurative Language........................................................ 53
6. Theme ................................................................................... 55
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 56
CHAPTER IV: BEHAVIORIST ANALYSIS…………………………………...60
A. Behaviorist……………………………………………………60
B. Revenge………………………………………………………65
C. Discussion…………………………………………………….69
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL AND SUGGESTION ......... 72
A. Conclusion ............................................................................... 72
B. Suggestion ................................................................................ 73
C. Pedagogical Implication .......................................................... 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
SUMMARY
EMIK TRI SAFITRI. A320120264. REVENGE REFLCETD IN JOHN
GREEN’S PAPER TOWNS NOVEL (2008): A BEHAVIORIST
PERSPECTIVE. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October 7, 2016.
The major problem of this study is revenge. Being hurt sometimes makes
people angry. In this situation people will do anything to make them feel
happy.The objective of this study is to analyze this novel based on the Behaviorist
Perspective. The researcher employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data
sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source of the study is Paper
Towns novel by John Green. The secondary data of the study are taken from any
information related to the novel. The technique of the Data Analysis is the
descriptive qualitative research. Based on the analysis, the researcher gets some
conclusions. The study shows that the problem faced by the major character.
Revenge usually can be the best way for people, when they have purpose to take
revenge, they will make plans to do their revenge. They do not care whether it is
right or wrong.
Keywords: Paper Towns, revenge, behaviorist perspective.
xi
RINGKASAN
EMIK TRI SAFITRI. A320120264. BALAS DENDAM DALAM NOVEL
PAPER TOWNS KARYA JOHN GREEN (2008): PENDEKATAN
BEHAVIOR.
SKRIPSI.
FAKULTAS
KEGURUAN
DAN
ILMU
PENDIDIKAN. UNIVERSITAS MUHHAMDIYAH SURAKARTA, 7 Oktober,
2016.
Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah balas dendam. Terkadang
menyakiti hati seseorang akan membuat marah. Dalam situasi ini orang akan
melakukan apapun untuk membuat bahagia.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk menganalisis novel ini berdasarkan pendekatan behavior. Peneliti
menggunakan metode kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan dua sumber data: primer
dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari penelitian ini adalah novel Paper Towns
karya John Green. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari beberapa
informasi yang berhubungan dengan novel tersebut. Metode analisis data adalah
deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan pada analisis, peneliti mendapatkan beberapa
kesimpulan. Penelitian ini memunculkan masalah terhadap tokoh utama. Balas
dendam merupakan solusi bagus untuk beberapa orang, ketika mereka memiliki
tujaun balas dendam, mereka akan membuat rencana untuk pembalasan dendam.
Mereka tidak peduli bahwa itu benar atau salah.
Kata kunci: Paper Towns, Balas Dendam, Pendekatan behavior.
xii