The meaning of the nightmare faced by Meg frazier, the main character of Joan Aiken`s Night Fall.

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ABSTRACT
Haratikka, Haya. (2012). The Meaning of the Nightmare Faced by Meg
Frazier, the Main Character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall Yogyakarta: English
Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts
Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma
University.
This thesis discusses a girl, Meg Frazier, who has been haunted by a
terrifying nightmare since she was a child. That nightmare comes continously
until she gets mature. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of the
nightmare faced by Meg Frazier, the main character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall.
This study has two problems to answer. The first one is “What is the
character of Meg Frazier?” The second one is “What is the meaning of nightmare
experienced by Meg Frazier?”
This study is a library research. The primary data of this study is the novel
itself and to support this study, some data from the internet, books, and journals
are also used. To answer those problems, this study uses the theory of character
and characterization, theory of personality and the theory of motivation. The
approach used is psychological approach.
The results of this study are: first, Meg Frazier is not an easy person to

give up; she is also brave, smart, artistic, simple and beautiful. However, she is a
bit unloyal to her fiance. The second result of this study is devided into two parts.
The first part is the surface meaning of the nightmare and the second is its deeper
meaning.
The surface (literal) meaning explains the meaning of the nightmare
experienced by Meg as written in the text. It is the face of a man who already
passed away in the unsolved murder when she and her mother visited Penleggan.
The deeper (the true) meaning of the nightmare shows that it is reflecting her
father and her fiance, who always limit her in doing what she wants. Moreover,
her father has never liked her since her father and mother got divorced. Meg’s
sadness comes in the form of nightmare. She has a father but her father never
treats her appropriately. On the other hand, Toby, whose father died in an
unsolved murder, also feels the sadness. He has never known who the murderer is.
The fact is that his uncle who takes care of Toby’s life, is the murderer of his
father.
It is suggested that this novel be used in Prose 2 class of the English
Language Education Study Program. As for further researchers, they are
recommended to deal with Meg Frazier’s cultural background.
Keywords: nightmare, nightfall, motivation

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ABSTRAK
Haratikka, Haya. (2012). The Meaning of the Nightmare Faced by Meg
Frazier, the Main Character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall Yogyakarta: Program
Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini mengulas tentang seorang anak perempuan yang bernama Meg
Frazier yang dihantui oleh mimpi yang sangat menakutkan sejak dia kecil dan
mimpi itu berlanjut hingga dia dewasa. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk
mengetahui arti mimpi Meg Frazier, karakter utama dalam novel Night Fall.
Skripsi ini memiliki dua pertanyaan yang harus dijawab, yang pertama “
Apa karakter Meg dalam novel?” dan “ Apa arti mimpi Meg Frazier?”
Skripsi ini merupakan sebuah studi pustaka. Novel tersebut merupakan
sumber utama data dan untuk mendukung skripsi ini data yang kedua diperoleh
dari buku-buku, jurnal, dan internet. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah, skripsi
ini menggunakan teori karakter dan karakterisasi, teori kepribadian dan teori
motivasi. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan secara

psikologis.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, yang pertama adalah tentang karakter
Meg Frazier. Meg Frazier adalah seorang yang tidak mudah menyerah,
pemberani, pintar, berjiwa seni, sederhana, dan cantik. Walaupun, di akhir dia
sedikit tidak setia kepada tunangannya. Hasil kedua penelitian ini terbagi atas
dua bagian. Bagian yang pertama adalah arti mimpi buruk secara dangkal dan
arti secara mendalamnya.
Arti dangkal tersebut menjelaskan arti mimpi Meg seperti yang tertulis di
novel yaitu wajah seorang pria yang telah meninggal dunia di suatu pembunuhan
yang tak terungkap siapa pembunuhnya. Adapun arti mimpi tersebut secara
mendalam yaitu kesedihan yang mendalam yang dirasakan Meg karena dia
mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak menyenangkan dari ayahnya sejak lama dan
tunangannya yang seharusnya sebagai orang terdekat mereka menyayangi dan
mengasihi Meg. Meg memiliki seorang ayah, tetapi dia tidak pernah diperlakukan
sebagaimana ayah memperlakukan putrinya. Di sisi lain ada Toby yang
kehilangan ayahnya atas pembunuhan yang tidak terungkap siapa sebenarnya
pelaku pembunuhan tersebut.
Novel ini disarankan dapat digunakan pada mata pelajaran Prose 2 pada
Program Studi Bahasa Inggris. Untuk peneliti berikutnya, disarankan untuk
membahas latar belakang kebudayaan Meg pada saat itu.

Kata Kunci: nightmare, nightfall, motivation

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THE MEANING OF THE NIGHTMARE FACED BY MEG
FRAZIER, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF JOAN AIKEN’S
NIGHT FALL
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education

By
Haya Haratikka
Student Number: 071214141

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THE MEANING OF THE NIGHTMARE FACED BY MEG
FRAZIER, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF JOAN AIKEN’S
NIGHT FALL
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education

By
Haya Haratikka
Student Number: 071214141

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
i

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ii

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

This thesis is dedicated to:
my beloved family,
all people in this world.

Life is a process. A process to be better even to be worse.
No one can change the process except ourselves.
(Anonymous)

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the
references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, 8 November 2012
The Writer

Haya Haratikka
071214141

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama

: Haya Haratikka

Nomor Mahasiswa

: 071214141

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
THE MEANING OF THE NIGHTMARE FACED BY MEG
FRAZIER, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF JOAN AIKEN’S NIGHT FALL
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,

mengalihkan dalam bentukmedia lain, mengelolahnya dalam bentuk pangkalan
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau
media lain untuk kepentingan akademia tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Yogyakarta, 8 November 2012
Yang menyatakan

(Haya Haratikka)

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ABSTRACT
Haratikka, Haya. (2012). The Meaning of the Nightmare Faced by Meg
Frazier, the Main Character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall Yogyakarta: English
Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts
Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma

University.
This thesis discusses a girl, Meg Frazier, who has been haunted by a
terrifying nightmare since she was a child. That nightmare comes continously
until she gets mature. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of the
nightmare faced by Meg Frazier, the main character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall.
This study has two problems to answer. The first one is “What is the
character of Meg Frazier?” The second one is “What is the meaning of nightmare
experienced by Meg Frazier?”
This study is a library research. The primary data of this study is the novel
itself and to support this study, some data from the internet, books, and journals
are also used. To answer those problems, this study uses the theory of character
and characterization, theory of personality and the theory of motivation. The
approach used is psychological approach.
The results of this study are: first, Meg Frazier is not an easy person to
give up; she is also brave, smart, artistic, simple and beautiful. However, she is a
bit unloyal to her fiance. The second result of this study is devided into two parts.
The first part is the surface meaning of the nightmare and the second is its deeper
meaning.
The surface (literal) meaning explains the meaning of the nightmare
experienced by Meg as written in the text. It is the face of a man who already

passed away in the unsolved murder when she and her mother visited Penleggan.
The deeper (the true) meaning of the nightmare shows that it is reflecting her
father and her fiance, who always limit her in doing what she wants. Moreover,
her father has never liked her since her father and mother got divorced. Meg’s
sadness comes in the form of nightmare. She has a father but her father never
treats her appropriately. On the other hand, Toby, whose father died in an
unsolved murder, also feels the sadness. He has never known who the murderer is.
The fact is that his uncle who takes care of Toby’s life, is the murderer of his
father.
It is suggested that this novel be used in Prose 2 class of the English
Language Education Study Program. As for further researchers, they are
recommended to deal with Meg Frazier’s cultural background.
Keywords: nightmare, nightfall, motivation

vii

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ABSTRAK
Haratikka, Haya. (2012). The Meaning of the Nightmare Faced by Meg
Frazier, the Main Character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall Yogyakarta: Program
Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini mengulas tentang seorang anak perempuan yang bernama Meg
Frazier yang dihantui oleh mimpi yang sangat menakutkan sejak dia kecil dan
mimpi itu berlanjut hingga dia dewasa. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk
mengetahui arti mimpi Meg Frazier, karakter utama dalam novel Night Fall.
Skripsi ini memiliki dua pertanyaan yang harus dijawab, yang pertama “
Apa karakter Meg dalam novel?” dan “ Apa arti mimpi Meg Frazier?”
Skripsi ini merupakan sebuah studi pustaka. Novel tersebut merupakan
sumber utama data dan untuk mendukung skripsi ini data yang kedua diperoleh
dari buku-buku, jurnal, dan internet. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah, skripsi
ini menggunakan teori karakter dan karakterisasi, teori kepribadian dan teori
motivasi. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan secara
psikologis.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, yang pertama adalah tentang karakter
Meg Frazier. Meg Frazier adalah seorang yang tidak mudah menyerah,
pemberani, pintar, berjiwa seni, sederhana, dan cantik. Walaupun, di akhir dia
sedikit tidak setia kepada tunangannya. Hasil kedua penelitian ini terbagi atas
dua bagian. Bagian yang pertama adalah arti mimpi buruk secara dangkal dan
arti secara mendalamnya.
Arti dangkal tersebut menjelaskan arti mimpi Meg seperti yang tertulis di
novel yaitu wajah seorang pria yang telah meninggal dunia di suatu pembunuhan
yang tak terungkap siapa pembunuhnya. Adapun arti mimpi tersebut secara
mendalam yaitu kesedihan yang mendalam yang dirasakan Meg karena dia
mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak menyenangkan dari ayahnya sejak lama dan
tunangannya yang seharusnya sebagai orang terdekat mereka menyayangi dan
mengasihi Meg. Meg memiliki seorang ayah, tetapi dia tidak pernah diperlakukan
sebagaimana ayah memperlakukan putrinya. Di sisi lain ada Toby yang
kehilangan ayahnya atas pembunuhan yang tidak terungkap siapa sebenarnya
pelaku pembunuhan tersebut.
Novel ini disarankan dapat digunakan pada mata pelajaran Prose 2 pada
Program Studi Bahasa Inggris. Untuk peneliti berikutnya, disarankan untuk
membahas latar belakang kebudayaan Meg pada saat itu.
Kata Kunci: nightmare, nightfall, motivation

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank my Almighty Jesus Christ for His
blessing and guidance in my whole life, for His kindness giving me strengths to
finish this thesis. He is my true friend in passing this hard time who always
teaches me to believe His promise for me.
Second, I thank my beloved mother, Paqita Mindo Simorangkir, S.Pd. for
her love and prayer in her days for me and her children, and my beloved father,
Ramli Tarigan, A.Ma.Pd., for his trust in me in doing my study to be finished as
my responsible not only for them but also for Jesus Christ. I thank them for giving
their love and support to me. I also thank my sisters, Rafhita Monica and her
husband, Ady Gari, for their support and love for me, Milva Kassianna, and
Rohna Mori for the time to share jokes and love for me. I would like to thank my
older brother Hiskia Eka Putra Tarigan to be my brother even in the short
moment. I also thank Agustina Dei Mulatsih as my “paketan”, Popon, Rara,
Asteg, Reko, Lita, Manda, Asep, Hening, Seto, Dwiq, Desta and Yusak for the
days we have passed together, the cheerfulness and the sorrow we shared and
many new things I get from our friendship. I will miss that time.
Third, I would like to give my thanks to my sponsor, Drs. Antonius
Herujiyanto, M.A., Ph.D., for the guidance, support and patience for me in
finishing this thesis and Catharina Brameswari, S.Pd., Angela Bayu Pertamasari
S.Pd., and Mbak Atak and Mas Satriyo as my proof readers for my thesis. I also

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

would like to thank PBI secretary staff who are very helpful during my study in
Sanata Dharma University.
Fourth, I give my thanks to Youth Methodist Church fellowship that I
grow with, and where I learn many things to increase my faith in Jesus. I would
like to thank Bu Omi, for her kindness to me, Mas Agus, Kak Anggi, Fani, Nike,
Bang Cepy, Ando Mindo, David, Candra, Lisa for being a nice little sister, Mas
Ajig, Bang Jo and family and Bu Apri for the togetherness we have spent and the
jokes.
Next, I would like to thank all PKBM Angon members, Mbak Lia, Mbak
Valen, Mas Nug, Mbak Emil, Buk Is, Pak Is, Mbak Caya, Mbak Ping, Mbak
Hana, Mbak Witri and Liliana for the time we have learned together, give me
support to finish this thesis soon and the beautiful moments we have. The new
things which are really meaningful for me to be taught.
Then, I would like to thank all my friends in Stembayo who always
support me in finishing this thesis. I thank TAV, TPA, TPBOA class, Bu Ulfi, Pak
Bambang dan Pak Andi for the time we shared and the support. I will always
remember the time I learn in Stembayo.
I would say thanks to everyone whose name I cannot mention one by one
for their support, guidance, love and help.

Haya Haratikka

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................

i

APPROVAL PAGES .................................................................................... ii
DEDICATIONAL PAGE ............................................................................. iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ............................................ v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ............................................ vi
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... ix
TABLE CONTENTS .................................................................................... xi
LIST OF APPENDICES............................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Background of the Study ..........................................................
Objective of the Study ..............................................................
Problem Formulation ...............................................................
Benefits of the Study ................................................................
Definitions of Term .................................................................

1
5
5
5
6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................... 10
A.
B.
C.

A Review of Related Theories .................................................. 10
Theoretical Framework ............................................................ 15
Context of the Novel ................................................................ 15

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 17
A.
B.
C.

Object of the Study .................................................................. 17
Approach of the Study.............................................................. 18
Method of the Study ................................................................. 18

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 20
A.

The Character of Meg Frazier................................................... 20

B.

The meaning of the nightmare by Meg Frazier ......................... 32

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .............................. 40
A.

Conclusions ............................................................................. 40

B.

Suggestions .............................................................................. 41
1. Suggestions for Future Researchers ...................................... 41
2. Suggestions for English Teachers ......................................... 41

REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 43
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Summary ................................................................................ 46
APPENDIX 2 Biography ............................................................................... 51
APPENDIX 3 The Implementation of Teaching Prose 2 ................................ 53
APPENDIX 4 Task Material .......................................................................... 55
APPENDIX 5 Syllabus .................................................................................. 60

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The first chapter is Introduction. This chapter consists of five parts. They
are the Background of the Study, Objective of the Study, Problem Formulation,
Benefits of the Study, and Definition of Terms. Each part will be disccussed in
details as seen in following parts.
A.

Background of the Study
We know that life without parents is a hard moment. Moreover, when we

were young parents always take care of us and every small thing that we need
will be covered by them. That is why we need parents, so they can take turn in
caring us when one of them feel very tired.
Childhood is the time when we get a lot of fun, affection, love, and
careness from our parents and no one can forbid it. Some people think that
children are the weak human if they live without their parents. We can consider
that statement but Kathrin Asper (1992) said “children can withstand a difficult
beginning in life and not necessarily be destroyed by it. But there are many who
continue to suffer from the profound injuries resulting from an favorable
beginning in life and lack of mothering. When a child was dreaming of
something in her sleep, then she talked it to her parents, not less from parents
consider it was not important. Katrin Asper in her book entitle The Inner Child
In Dreams said that it is not easy to deal with the child motif in dreams. Dreams
are also often simply beautiful and impressive. But on the other hand, they can
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2

be serious, too, as are nightmares from which the dreamer may awaken
trembling, bathed in perspiration and with a pounding heart. (p. 10)
Allport (1970), in Pattern and Growth in Personality, says that “cultural
ways, social situation, and individual’s role within social systems plays role in
individual’s development personality” (pp. 194-195). He explains that a child
usually requires cultural ways. Then he grows to accept the roles, which is
appropriate to his status within the family, but later, he finds himself playing
many assigned roles within many social systems. His behaviour is modified
within limits by every social situation he encounters.
Asper says dreams are essential for the preservation of our physical and
psychological equilibrium. The images that occur in dreams are often symbols,
which must be interpreted symbolically in a way that goes beyond our concrete
understanding of them and suggests a deeper meaning which is not easy to be
understood. (pp. 10-11)
The statement above can be seen in Night Fall Novel which is written by
Joan Aiken. This novel tells about a girl name Meg who has been haunted by a
terrifying face in her nightmare since she was nine years old till she nineteen
years old. In her daily life Meg is treated with bad manner since her mother was
passed away. Her neighbour in England always reject her, then when she moves
to London her father’s servant also treats her badly. The worst thing in her life is
when her father never treated her appropriately.

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

3

When the night comes, her soul get fear whether the nightmare haunts
her anymore or not. There is an evil face keep watching her in her dream,
moving, swaying from the rocking chair to the window. Hence, this study’s aim
is to see the meaning of the nightmare faced by Meg Frazier, the main character
of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall.
The writer is interested in analyzing this novel titled Night Fall. There
are some reasons why the writer chose this novel. First time the writer saw the
picture of this novel’s cover then read the title, the writer thought that there was
no relation between the picture cover and the title. Then, the writer read the first
page. The writer found interested there. The writer thought that the girl in this
story was so great. She could pass her days. Then, the writer was thinking about
herself. Can the writer be as strong as the girl? The writer never thought before
if there is the same nightmare which has haunted someone for ten years
countinously. The writer also never heard the same case like Meg’s, there is the
same nightmare which has haunted someone for a long period of time.
Our night can not be separated with dreams. Some people have the
different opinion about dream, but the writer believes that dream itself has an
interesting meaning to be solved for the dreamer. The writer wants to know the
meaning of Meg Frazier’s nightmare through this study.
Based on the writer’s experience, dream can be influenced by an event
which happen in the real live. It could be happened in the past, the present, or the
future. So, it can cause the anxiety after dreaming. People can not forbid the

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

4

dream to come in the form of dream. Every people has experienced the dream
through the night, but what we see in a dream is the symbol of the thing that we
face in the real life. It can be a problem or even a happiness. We are too often to
think about that. So, what we called as nerve may keep proccessing what we are
thinking about.
Someside says that a dream has a meaning in our real life which not yet
happened. It may happen in the closer time. So, we have to be more careful to
avoid what the dream warns us to do. The writer thinks that sometimes dream is
useful

but

somehow

it

is

useless.

Neil

Osterweil

(http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/features/the-health-benefits-of-dreams
accessed on September 13th, 2012) says that sometimes dreams make a lot of
sense - like when we have been working hard and we end up dreaming, that we
are still at work. Other times the meaning of dreams is less clear. That does not
mean the dream is not important to our well-being, however.
This novel talks about a girl, named Meg. Her parents were divorce when
she was five years old before her mother passed away. Meg’s family is a rich
family. Her mother is an artist and her father is a doctor. Meg is an only child in
her family. She has neither sister nor brother. She has no friend to share since
she faced so many fears. Meg Frezier’s fear happened since she was child till she
gets mature. We can imagine how suffering she was when a child under ten year
experiences this situation. First, she is afraid because she will never touch her
mother anymore in her whole live. Meanwhile, she cannot remember well who
her father is. Who will take care of her? Did her father miss her like she did? Did

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5

her father remarried again and she will have a cruel stepmother like people said,
and so on. There are so many questions in her mind about herself. The second
fearness comes when her father and her fiance stand in the contrary with her.
She was afraid because she does not get support from them to continue her
plans. Usually, people around us who we love will support us if it is good for our
future. But, the fact is her father and her fiancé do not support her. Her fearness
can be seen through her dream. It is a terrifying nightmare for Meg because a red
face was keep watching of her in her bedroom. Moving from one place to the
other places then swaying in the window and at the rocking chair. The fearness
come through her dream which come first when she was in London. Because in
London she has to stand alone without her mother who always loves her. She has
only a little friends, Polly and George. Finally, Meg finds the relation between
her nightmare and the murder that happen fourteen years ago when she and her
mother had holidays in Penleggan.
In this study the writer would like to analyze on the Psychological
condition which is exercised by the main character, Meg Frazier reflected in her
nightmare.
B. Objective of the study
The aim of this study is to find the meaning of the nightmare faced by Meg
Frazier, the main character of Joan Aiken’s Night Fall.

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

6

C. Problem Formulation
In order to read the aim of this study, below are problems that areformulated in
form of questions.
1. What is the character of Meg Frazier?
2. What is the meaning of the nightmare experienced by Meg Frazier?
D. Benefits of this study
The writer hopes this study will enrich the readers knowledge about the
personality, character and the motivation through this study and more sensitive
about their dreams. Moreover, the writer hopes this study can help everyone who
are interested in literature.
E. Definition of term
Below are some terms that will help readers in understanding this study.
1. Nightmare
A nightmare is a bad dream that usually involves some imagined danger or
threat to the child. The child may dream about danger or a scary situation.
Nightmares may involve disturbing themes, images, or figures such as monsters,
ghosts,

animals,

or

bad

people.

(http://www.emedicinehealth.com/nightmares/page3_em.htm#what_is_a_nightm

are retrived on September 14th, 2012).
According to Christina Sponias (http://www.divinecaroline.com/22201/95166meaning-nightmares retrived on September 13th, 2012) all nightmares are

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7

serious warnings for the dreamer. They are so unpleasant that many times the
dreamer tries to avoid sleeping in order to stop seeing them, but their importance
is crucial for his or her safety.
Nightmares reflect real dangers existent in the human brain and psyche
as well as in the outside world. They have the general meaning of an alarm,
working like all alarms that try to protect you when someone is trying to steal
your store or your car. They try to protect you from losing your mental health
first of all, and many times, from losing other things that belong to your daily
life. In other words, nightmare offers kindness for the dreamer but the dreamer
have to considerate to the nightmare’s meaning itself.
Based on Kevin P Connelly, nightmares occur continually in many
children, but they are most common in preschoolers (children aged 3-6 years)
because at this age normal fears develop and a child’s imagination is very active.
When children wake up because of a nightmare, they become aware of their
surroundings and usually need comfort. As a result, these children often wake up
their parents.
(http://www.emedicinehealth.com/nightmares/article_em.htm#nightmare_introd
uction retrived on September 14th, 2012)
According to Richard Wilkerson, nightmares may have several causes,
including drugs, medication, illness, trauma or they may have no related cause
and be spontaneous. Often they occur when there is stress in one's waking life,
and

when

major

life

changes

are

occuring.

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8

(http://selfhelpmagazine.com/article/nightmares retrived on September 14th,
2012) In this study, nightmare that faced by Meg because of trauma. Her life is
full of fear, uncomfortable. Hence, she has no one to talk to since she was a
child.
According to the writer, nightmare is a dream which come in the form of
something that really frightening and terrifying the dreamer and it is in a form of
a human that already passed away. The nightmare itself happens when we have
sleep at night, when the darkness also complete the fearness. There is no one
who helps the dreamer in her dream. There is only her and the nightmare itself.
2. Night Fall
According to Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English
Language, Night fall is the beginning of night. (p. 1299)
In this study, the meaning of nightmare is the bad and frightening dream
which haunts Meg Frazier as the main character. According to this novel, the
meaning of nightfall is the time when the dark comes.
3. Surface Meaning/ Literal Meaning
Literal meaning is a property of linguistic expressions. Roughly speaking, the
literal meaning of a complex sequence of words is determined by its
grammatical properties and the meanings that are conventionally assigned to
those words. The literal meaning of a statement should be distinguished from its
conversational implicature - the information that is implicitly conveyed in a
particular conversational context, distinct from the literal meaning of the

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

statement.

(http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/meaning/literal.php

retrived

9

on

October 11, 2012)
Literal meaning is the answer of the problem formulation in this study which can
be found written in the text.
4. Deeper Meaning
According to Chandler, "the term 'connotation' is used to refer to the
socio-cultural and 'personal' associations (ideological, emotional etc.) of the
sign." According to Barthes, connotative meaning occurs when an entire sign
(the relationship between a signifier and its signified content) becomes a
signifier itself. When we are dealing with connotative meaning, we are in the
terrain of what Barthes calls "second order signification." According to
Chandler, connotative meanings "are determined by the codes to which the
interpreter

has

access."

That

is,

connotation

is

culturally

(http://www.ehow.com/about_6318000_connotative-meaning

specific.

word_.html.

retrived on October 11, 2012)
We need to go deeper inside the written text, creating the meaning inside
the story through reading the text and then write down our understanding which
is unwritten in the text.
5. Personality
According to Allport (1961), personality is a dynamic organisation,
inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person’s
characteristic pattern of behaviour, thoughts and feelings. In other side, Kendra
Cherry says that personality is created from the combination of feelings,
thougths and behaviors that make a person unique and this arise within the

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10

individual and consistent through the life. (retrived on October 14, 2012.
http://psychology.about.com/od/overviewofpersonality/a/persondef.htm)

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part is about theories that will
be employed for analyzing and those are certainly relevant to the study. The
second part is about critical to the novel and the author. The last part is
framework.
A. Review of Related Theories
The theories which are used are taken from theories of psychology and
theory of personality which are to understand more about the characters in and to
see what is the character of Meg Frazier as the main character in Joan Aiken’s
Night Fall.
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Character is one of the most important elements in a work of literature to
see the main characters in Night Fall deeper. It will help the readers seeing the
character and characterization in Night Fall.
1.1.Theory of Character
According to Abram’s Glossary of Literary Term (1981), character is “as
the persons represented in a Prose 2 or narrative work, who are interpreted by
the reader as being endowed with particular intellectual, moral, and emotional
qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distincive ways of
saying the words – the dialogue – and from how they do something – the
action”. (p. 20)
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Henkle (1997) said that “character are devided into two kinds, major
character and minor character. Which major characters are the most important
and complex characters in a novel. Whereas, minor characters are those who
perform less important and less complex characters in a novel” (pp .87 – 88).
1.2.Theory of Characterization
According to Murphy (1972, pp. 161 – 172), there are nine ways used by the
autor attempts to make the characters’ personality can be understood easily by
the readers. Those are:
1) Personal Description
The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes. Through this
description, the readers can visualize the character’s physical characteristics
such as skin color, the weight and the height.
2) Characters as Seen by The Others
The author describes a character using other’s opinion. The readers get it as a
reflected image.
3) Speech
The readers can visualize a character through what the character says when
she/he give opinion and do some conversation.
4) Past Life
The readers can figure out the character’s personality by reading the character’s
past life.
5) Conversation of Others
The readers can imagine a description of a character through the conversation of
other people and things they say about him/her.

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6) Reaction
The author gives a description of a person’s character by letting the readers how
that person reacts to various situations and events.
7) Direct Comment
The author can describe a person’s character he creates directly through
comment and personal perception.
8) Thoughts
The author describes a person’s character when she/he subjectively involve in
the character’s thought.
9) Mannerism
The author describes a person’s character through his/her mannerism and habits
which can tell us about his/her character.
This theory will be used in understanding the character in the novel. So the
writer can give a clear explanation about the characters in Night Fall.
2. Theory of Motivation
People’s desire in this world is never satisfied, when one is filled, they
are still searching for other satisfaction and almost always desiring something. It
is called as human life characteristic. It can be proof through this part. This part
will talk about some motivation by Maslow which is used to see Meg’s
motivation in this novel.
Maslow (1990) mentions a hierarchy of needs which consists of five
motives and needs. The first is physical needs, second is safety needs, third is
belongingness or social needs, next is esteem needs, and the last is self

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14

actualization needs. Food and water are the example of physiological needs
which are needed to support human life. (p. 431)

Selfactualization
needs
Esteem needs
Belongingness needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs

Figure 1. Maslow’s picture of motivation
One’s attention may saved and secured when the physiological needs are
met to be free from physical threat and emotional harm. Belonging itself is the
first level of higher level needs and related to interaction with others. If someone
fulfills his/her belongingness needs, he has a chance to be held in esteem by
himself even by the others. We can categorize esteem needs as external
motivators and internal motivators.
The example of external needs such as reputation and recognition. The
example of internal needs itself are self-esteem,accomplishment and self-respect.
And the last is self actualization. It is the highest level. Because it is the highest
level, it never fully satisfied. Usually people fulfill the first level or the lower
needs before the others. This theory will be used in analyzing the character’s
motivation in the novel.

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Maslow (1954) lists 15 traits that classify the characteristic of selfactualizing people which we can see through the novel:
1. More efficient perception of reality.
2. Acceptance of self and others.
3. Spontaneity.
4. Problem centering.
5. Detachment.
6. Autonomy.
7. Continued freshness of appreciation.
8. Mystical experiences or the oceanic feeling.
9. Gemeinschaftsgefuhl, or social interest.
10. Interpersonal relationships.
11. Democratic character structure.
12. Discrimination between means and ends.
13. Sense of humor.
14. Creativeness.
15. Resistance of enculturation. (p. 515)
3. Theory of Personality
Frued (1949) divides human personality into three parts: the id, the ego,
and superego. The id has the quality of being unconsiusnes and contains
everything that is inherited, everything that is present at birth and the instincts
(p. 14). The ego has the quality of being conscious and is responsible for
controlling the demands of the id and of the instincts, becoming aware of
stimuli, and serving as a link between the id and the external world. The ego
respons to stimulation by either adaptation or flight, regulates activity, and
strives to achieve pleasure and avoid unpleasuren (pp. 14-15). Superego whose
demands are managed by the id, is responsible for the limitation of satisfactions
and represents the influence of others, such as parents, teachers, and role models,
as well as the impact of racial, societal, and cultural traditions (p. 15).

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This theory will help the writer in understanding the personality of Meg
Frazier in the novel. Because the writer is going to describe the character of Meg
Frazier in Night Fall.
4.

Theory of Dream
This theory is used to enrich readers’ knowledge about dream. The writer

chose Alfred Adler’s theory of dream because it is more suitable for this study.
Alfred Adler (1911) said that dreamers can safely face the things that could be
scare us in dream. Because dream is a way of where insecurities could be felt.
According to Adler, dream as an open pathway to true thoughts, emotions and
actions. Dreams enable us to clearly see our aggressive impulses and desires in
the real life. Dream is more or less like a short life of waking world. Sometimes
dreams also offer satisfaction, showing the personality or the lifestlye of the
dreamer. It shows that dreams can be used to understand then overcome the
problem

that

happen

in

waking

world.

http://www.creative-personal-

growth.com/adler.html
The problem that faced by Meg is the thing that she had experienced
when she was five years old, when she saw a man killed by a man. That tragedy
becomes unsolved since nobody seen the murder. Meg is the one who saw the
tragedy but her condition at that time does not allow her to solve it. It is Meg’s
duty to unsolved that case using symbols in her dreams then relate it to the
information in the field. The victim of the murder wants his case to be solved.

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17

B. Theoretical Framework
This part will explain some theories that used to solve the problem
formulation in Chapter I. In this study, the writer tries to find out how Meg
Frezier, the main character of Night Fall. Here used theory of character and
characterization, theory motivation and theory personality. Hence, this study
uses psychology approach as the base.
The writer uses three theories. They are character and characterization,
motivation and personality. The theory of character and characterization gives a
clear description of the character of Meg Frezier in the novel. The writer also
apply psychological approach to see the motivation, personality and conflict of
the characters in Night Fall novel and to find out the meaning of Meg’s
nightmare.
C.

Context of the Novel
The context of the novel can be seen through the setting of the novelist did

the novel of the main characters. Night Fall novel was written by Joan Aiken
and published in 1969. At that year, there were two American astronauts,
Charles "Pete" Conrad and Alan Bean of Apollo 12 land on the Moon to become
the second set of American astronauts to walk on the moons surface.The setting
of this novel is in London. January 1969 in London was a cold day, and a bitter
wind was blowing on the rooftop by midday. According to Richard Berthoud
between year 1960 – 1969, the level of devorcing is increased. Being a single
parent is copyed from the modren individualism. The minority family is

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18

compared with the white population. Since there are so many nations who live in
London at that time, many couple (women side) were married chosen by their
family. In other hand, mix marriage is uncommon for men.
It is told in the novel that the situation is in in winter, when Meg can feel
the coldness. Both Meg’s parents were divorce. In the contrary, the year when
this novel is written, the first time men landing in the moon happened. We can
call it as modren era. But there is a girl who is haunting by a nightmare in her
life.
The level of inflation at that year was high, it was 5,6 %. This author of
this Night Fall novel, Joan Aiken, puts her life story in Night Fall novel. Her
parents divorced when she was four – five years old. Then, her mother married
with novelist Martin Armstrong. While her father returned to the United States,
s he

and

her

siblings

remained

in

(http://www.sociology.org.uk/as4fm1.pdf)

England

with

their

mother.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
The third chapter is Methodology. This capter consists of three parts. They
are Object of the Study, Approach of the Study and Method of the Study. The
Object of the Study deals with the novel Night Fall by Joan Aiken, which is the
focus of the study. The approach of the study discusses the psychology approach
which is applied for analyzing this novel. The last, the Method of the Study is
used in the procedures of how the study is analyzed.
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is the novel Night Fall. This novel was written by
Joan Aiken in 1969 and published by Dell Publishing CO., Inc. This novel
consists of 156 pages. It is a romance non-fiction novel. The author used the
third point of view.
This novel tells us about a nineteen-year-old girl named Meg Frazier who
experience unusual thing like people as usual. Her mother was passed away with
her stepfather in a car accident when she was too young. Both of them were
actress and actor. Time goes by, she lives with her father now. Even she lives
with her father, but their relation is not good. This situation makes her in a bad
situation. Then it comes into her dream. She has been haunted by a terrifying
nightmare since she was nine years old. Later, she finds that there is a relation
between the evil face in her nightmare with the murder which happen where she
and her mother ever visited a place call Penleggan when she was five years old.

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She goes to the place where her dream takes place and solve the unsolved
murder.

B. Approach of the Study
The focus of the study is the character of Meg Fraizer as seen in the Night
Fall novel. In order to analyze the problems, the writer uses the physicological
approach. This approach deals with the motivation, personality, and character
and characterization. Thus, psychology approach is suitable with the motivation
of the characters and the personality of the characters which appropriate in Night
Fall.

C. Method of the Study
This is a library study. This study uses two sources. They are primary and
secondary sources. The primary source is the novel Night Fall by Joan Aiken.
The secondary sources are some books or journals related to the theory of the
literary terms; theory of character and characterization, theory motivation and
theory personality. The last, the writer applies psychological approach. Those
are used to support the analysis.
There were some steps in doing this study. The first, the writer read the
novel Night Fall by Joan Aiken comprehensively more then three times. After
reading the novel, the writer finally would be able to find out the point of the
novel and comprehend it deeper. The second step was collecting some books,
journals, articles, essays as the sources related to this study from the library or
searching on the internet.

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The third step was collecting as much as possible the information about the
novel’s author, finding out the theories that are used and also the approach to
analyze the novel. The writer went to the library to look for some books and
browsed from the internet to get the supporting data.
The last step was applying all the data and the information by conducting
the analysis to find out the answers to the problems formulation, then report the
findings.

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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first is the discussion about the
character of Meg Frazier as seen in the novel. It will answer the first problem
formulation what the character of Meg Frazier is. Here the writer uses the theory
of character and characterization. The second is the disscussion about the
meaning of the nightmare faced by Meg, the main character in the novel. The
writer applies theory of motivation and theory of personality to answer the
second problem formulation.
A.

The Character of Meg Frazier
Stanton (1965), character is a person who does the action in a story.(p.

17) According to Abrams (1971), a character is “an individual who exists in a
dramatic or narrative work and he/she has moral dispositional qualities that can
be seen from his/her dialogue and action. Dialogue and action have important
roles in understanding the characters” (p. 21).
This part is going to answer the question of the character of Meg Frazier.
This part is not only discuss about Meg Frazier’s character but also her physical
appearance.
In this part the writer applies theory of characterization in order to analyze
how Meg Frazier is described in the novel. Joan Aiken uses some ways as
Murphy (1972) describes in analyzing Meg Frazier’s character through the
novel.

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Meg Frazier plays an important role and almost whole of the novel talks
about her. In order to this condition, Meg Frazier is included as one of the major
character.
The novel mostly describes Meg Frazier since she was five years old up to
nineteen years old. Her life was different with other children at that time. Her
parents were divorce and her mother married again with other man who has the
same job background with her. According to Barclay (1959), children and the
youngsters of divorce will be visited strain and unsatisfying. In their social they
feel ashamed and embarrassed because they are different from and inferior to
other children. Feeling the conflict of their parents, children may react in a
disturbed way. An unknown parent often becomes a focus for fantasies of the
most high-flown and romantic kind, but it could be a monster or boomerang in
later years not only on the child but on the parent with whom he lives. (pp. 40 41)
After her mother second marriage, their live were full of happiness but that
happiness was not continued, she was left by her mother and her stepfather
because the car accident.
“ T